晚第三纪中国西北干旱化的发展及其与北极冰盖形成演化和青藏高原隆升的关系

对甘肃酉峰晚第三纪红土标准剖面的研究揭示出,该区红土下部（6.2MaB.P.前）是红化的土壤物质与其它物质一起经水流搬运（坡积作用为主）再堆积的产物;中部（6.2～3.4MaB.P.）未发现再搬运的痕迹,是风尘堆积经风化和频繁地下水位波动作用所形成,不具明显的土壤发生学层次,其中的碳酸盐富积层不是成壤碳酸盐,而与地下水作用密切相关;上部（34～2.6MaB.P.）是典型的风尘堆积-土壤序列。由于中国西北和中亚干旱区的存在是黄河中游风尘堆积的前提条件,该区风尘物质的堆积起始于6.2MaB.P.前后标志着源区干旱化的加剧,并已达到相当高的程度。对整个序列的分析表明,源区干旱化程度在6.2～5.4MaB.P.期间较高,此后降低,在3.4MaB.P.和2.6MaB.P.又两次显着增强。上述历史与北极冰盖的起源和演化历史具有高度的一致性,若干重大转变与青藏高原隆升也有时代上的耦合性。本文认为,北极冰盖的形成演化和高原隆升都是中国西北和中亚地区干旱化发展的重要驱动因素,二者对西伯利亚高压的形成和发展的影响及高原对暖湿气流的阻挡可能是导致于旱化的重要途径。     

湖相沉积物与全球变化的研究

为预测未来全球的气候变化，必须了解在过去水圈、气圈与生物圈的各自作用以及它们是如何相互影响的。为此，ＩＧＢＰ（国际地圈－生物圈计划）组织了过去全球变化项目（ＰＡＧＥＳ）。湖相沉积物保存着与ＰＡＧＥＳ有关的不同时空尺度的丰富的地球系统历史信息，特别是湖相沉积物包含着可以说明全球气候变化的水圈与生物圈的陆源组分的反应。这种信息对了解影响气候变化的流域是如何发展的至关重要。笔者应用西伯利亚贝加尔湖与中国西北部青海湖作为两个实例，叙述了多学科研究湖相沉积物物理与化学参数，并利用这些参数测定了晚更新世湖区及其流域对过去气圈的变化以及日幅射分布的影响     

Removal of Cr(VI) and phenol coupled with the reduction of sulfate by sulfate-reducing bacteria sludge

Biological treatment of industrial wastewater containing heavy metal and organic pollutant has attracted extensive attention. In this study, Cr(VI) reduction coupled with phenol degradation was investigated by the sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) sludge with addition of zero-valent iron (ZVI). The results showed that the SRB wet sludge (SWS) had a good bioactivity in the reduction of Cr(VI) only when the initial concentration of Cr(VI) was below 60 mg L^?1. The addition of ZVI significantly enhanced the bioactivity and reusability of SWS, and the reduction percentage of Cr(VI) achieved 98% after SWS was successively used for seven cycles. SWS coupled with ZVI showed a high activity in phenol degradation, with more than 94% phenol being degraded in each cycle. However, in the simultaneous removal of Cr(VI) and phenol, phenol degradation was inhibited due to the toxicity of Cr(VI) to phenol degrading microbes in SWS. On the other hand, reduction of sulfate and Cr(VI) was not affected by the presence of phenol, with more than 95% of sulfate and Cr(VI) being removed at the end of the 5th cycle. This study enriches our understanding on the applications of the SRB sludge in the removal of organic and inorganic contaminants in wastewater.     

Dye adsorption on electrochemical exfoliated graphene oxide nanosheets: pH influence,kinetics and equilibrium in aqueous solution

Graphene oxide nanosheets were synthesized by electrochemical exfoliation. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, Raman spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry were used to characterize crystal structure, particle size, thickness and function groups of the nanosheets. The nanosheets were examined for adsorption of methyl orange, an anionic dye, in aqueous solution at different pHs and temperatures. The maximum adsorption capacity of methyl orange on graphene oxide nanosheets obtained from the Langmuir isotherm was 138.69 mg/g at pH 2.0, which is larger than that of other carbonaceous adsorbents. The large adsorption affinity of graphene oxide nanosheets to methyl orange might be due to the presence of hydrogen bonding and π–π interaction between methyl orange and graphene oxide nanosheets. Adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and the isotherm adsorption results were fitted with Langmuir isotherm model in a monolayer adsorption manner. The thermodynamic studies indicated that the adsorption reaction was a spontaneous physisorption process.     

扬子板块石炭纪沉积层序及其全球性对比研究

通过对石炭纪扬子板块内部、扬子板块与华北板块及扬子板块与欧美板块之间的不同级别沉积层序对比研究，编制了扬子板块、华北板块和欧美板块石炭纪的海平面变化曲线。在扬子板块内部，上、下扬子区２级沉积层序可以进行对比，但下扬子区海进和海岸上超滞后于上扬子区，由于资料的限制，３级沉积层序的对比还有困难；华北板块Ｆｕｓｕｌｉｎａ－Ｆｕｓｕｌｉｎｅｌａ带内的一个３级沉积层序和Ｔｒｉｔｉｃｉｔｅｓ－Ｐｅｕｄｏｓｃｈｗａｇｅｒｉｎａ带内的四个３级沉积层序，可以和扬子板块同期的３级沉积层序对比；扬子板块和北美中大陆不仅３级沉积层序可以对比，而且在晚石炭世Ｇｚｈｅｌｉａｎ期４级沉积层序也可以进行对比，但由于它们大地构造背景的差异，导致沉积层序组成内容的不同。上述对比结果被认为是冰川型全球海平面变化所形成全球沉积记录同时性的证据。并以冰期与非冰期、联合古陆形成前后等方面对相同板块内和不同板块间沉积层序的数量和级别的异同原因进行了探讨，认为石炭纪冈瓦纳大陆冰川消长是控制全球海平面变化的主要因素，因此，沉积层序应具全球同时性和可对比性，但局部沉积条件差异也将影响沉积层序组成。     

大型水域水岩相互作用及其环境效应研究

以大量实际资料及深入的研究成果，较全面地论述了人工大型水域水岩相作用及其导致的主要地质灾害，包括水库诱发地震，库岸崩滑，水岩作用导致的大坝溃决，以及水库淤积导致的大面积环境恶化等问题。     

唐口区煤中微量元素的分布特征

在大量化验测试资料的基础上,分析了唐口区煤中微量元素在平面上的变化特征和在不同煤中或同一煤层在垂向上的变化规律,并初步研究了微量元素在不同粒度和不同密度煤中的分布特征,探讨了煤中微量元素富集的原因,为今后煤的综合开发和利用提供了参考资料。     

Discovery of Eoarchean Meta-Dioritic Rocks in Anshan Area, China and Its Geological Significance

INTRoDUCTIONThe3.8GaBeijiafentrondhjemiticrockwasformedbypartialmeltingofsomeoldercontinentalmaterialintermsofgeochemicalresearches(Waneta1-,l999).Soitisveryim-portanttofindthemoreancientrocksintheAnshanarea.Therecentdiscoveryofthemeta-dioriticrockofEoarchaeanintheDongshanScenicSpotisspecificallyimportantsignifi-canceforit'GEOLOGYANDPETROGRAPHYlntheDongshanScenicSpotoftheAnshancity,thereis.anancientrockbeltbeingmorethanlomwideandstrikingapproximatelyNNW-SSE.Inthebelttherear…     

Dehydration—Melting Experiments on the Khondalite Series,North Segment of Helan Mountain—I.Determination of Critical Melt Fraction

Dehydration-melting experiments were conducted on granulite and Al-gneiss,the two most representative rock-types of the khondalite series in the northern segment of the Helan Mountain.The critical melting fraction was determined to be 30% in volume,which is of great significance with respect to the P-T-t path of metamorphism and granite generation in the region.     

美国西部活火山及其灾害考察

美国西部是世界上最不寻常的第四纪火山区之 一,形成多种多样的火山地形和具有不同的岩石成分。本文主要介绍美国西部在过去2 ka内有过爆发活动的11座火山及其灾害,其中包括著名的圣?海伦斯火山。