长江中下游成矿带庐枞盆地小包庄铁矿床地质特征研究

罗河铁矿床位于长江中下游成矿带内庐枞火山岩盆地的西北部,是成矿带内已发现规模最大的铁矿床。2013年在罗河铁矿床深部又勘探新发现了小包庄大型铁矿床,这是长江中下游成矿带内近年来重大找矿突破之一,具有重要的理论研究意义和勘探应用价值。本文在前人工作基础上,基于详细的钻孔观察和系统的岩相学、矿相学工作并结合电子探针测试分析,研究了小包庄铁矿床的矿化蚀变特征,厘定了矿床的成矿阶段,分析了成矿作用过程,并初步探讨了矿床成因。研究表明,罗河铁矿床和小包庄铁矿床为同一成矿系统在不同深度成矿作用的产物。小包庄铁矿床主矿体矿呈厚大的透镜状、似层状产于砖桥组地层中,位于罗河铁矿床主矿体之下约800~1000m,主要由浸染状矿体组成。矿床中金属矿物主要为磁铁矿和黄铁矿,非金属矿物主要为硬石膏、透辉石和碳酸盐,矿石的代表性矿物组合为磁铁矿-硬石膏-透辉石。矿石的结构构造主要有浸染状构造、脉状构造、块状构造、自形-半自形粒状结构、他形粒状结构和筛状结构等。矿床围岩蚀变强烈,主要蚀变类型有碱性长石化、透辉石化、绿泥石化、绿帘石化、碳酸盐化和硬石膏化。小包庄铁矿床形成经历了热液期的四个阶段,即碱性长石阶段、透辉石-硬石膏-磁铁矿阶段、绿泥石-绿帘石-碳酸盐阶段和硬石膏-黄铁矿-碳酸盐-石英阶段,其中,铁矿化主要发育于透辉石-硬石膏-磁铁矿阶段。通过矿床地质特征的分析以及与宁芜地区铁矿床的对比研究,本文认为小包庄铁矿床成矿物质和成矿流体来源于深部的闪长质侵入岩(?),而矿化发育在远离侵入岩或次火山岩之上的火山岩中,明显有别于宁芜地区玢岩铁矿床,类似于智利安第斯成矿带中部分产于安山质火山岩中的磁铁矿-磷灰石型矿床,是长江中下游成矿带中产于火山岩中的一类特殊类型的玢岩型铁矿。     

崖南凹陷Y1井崖三段煤系烃源岩发育规律

基于Y1井煤系烃源岩样品微量元素分析、煤岩显微组分及热解测试结果,结合小波分析的米氏旋回划分结果,系统研究了崖南凹陷Y1井崖三段煤系烃源岩特征及发育规律。研究表明:①以104和260尺度结合岩芯沉积序列及地球化学测试结果,将崖三段划分为2个中期和5个短期米氏旋回,垂向上表现为旋回厚度及烃源岩比例向上增大的趋势,中期旋回上部为烃源岩优势发育层位,其中ⅠA2、ⅠA3和ⅠB2为煤系烃源岩发育的优势旋回;②煤系烃源岩有机显微组分表现为富镜质组、贫惰质组、贫壳质组+腐泥组,镜质组含量为44%~100%,平均为83%,以基质镜质体及镜屑体为主,烃源岩类型以Ⅲ型（腐殖型）有机质为主,少量为Ⅱ₂型（腐泥-腐殖型）有机质,烃源岩以产气为主,其成熟度较低,R_o值平均为1.12%,处于生烃阶段初期;③煤系烃源岩发育受多种因素控制,其中断陷盆地向坳陷盆地的转化时期是成煤的关键构造时期、强烈进积作用使得煤系烃源岩保存不全、区域海平面上升时期是成煤的关键时期、短期旋回小波曲线右偏拐点处为煤系烃源岩相对发育层位。     

基于热储法的鲁西平原地热资源评价

鲁西平原地处山东省的西南部,热储层主要有新近系馆陶组、明化镇组,古近系东营组和奥陶系。通过野外勘察和室内分析结果,选取合理的计算参数,利用热储法等对鲁西平原地热资源进行了评价。结果表明鲁西平原地区地热资源量达1.735 5×1021J,折合标准煤5.923 3×1010t;可利用地热资源量达3.252×1020J,折合标准煤1.110×1010t;热储层百年地热水储存量为4.229×1011 m3,地热水允许开发量为4.229×1011 m3。     

底水油层水平井产液剖面均衡性评价

胜利油田开采底水特征高含水油层的水平井数量多,其中油层向水平井非均衡供液现象普遍。为评价此类水平井产液剖面均衡性,量化其生产动态改善潜力,定义了产液剖面基尼系数GN,并结合现场案例介绍其计算方法,随后统计胜利油田60口样本井,分析GN对见水时间tRL和底水突破前累积产油量QRL的影响,最后据此对GN分级。计算和分析结果表明:GN可以整体表征实际非均衡产液剖面偏离理想均衡产液剖面的程度,通常取值0~1之间,数值越大,均衡性越差;划分GN0.1为产液剖面不均衡,其样本井数54口,占比90%,以理想均衡产液状态为基准,tRL和QRL分别至少有100%和69.5%的提升潜力。     

Nuclear field shift effects on stable isotope fractionation: a review

An anomalous isotope effect exists in many heavy element isotope systems (e.g., Sr, Gd, Zn, U). This effect used to be called the “odd–even isotope effect” because the odd mass number isotopes behave differently from the even mass number isotopes. This mass-independent isotope fractionation driving force, which originates from the difference in the ground-state electronic energies caused by differences in nuclear size and shape, is currently denoted as the nuclear field shift effect (NFSE). It is found that the NFSE can drive isotope fractionation of some heavy elements (e.g., Hg, Tl, U) to an astonishing degree, far more than the magnitude caused by the conventional mass-dependent effect (MDE). For light elements, the MDE is the dominant factor in isotope fractionation, while the NFSE is neglectable. Furthermore, the MDE and the NFSE both decrease as temperatures increase, though at different rates. The MDE decreases rapidly with a factor of 1/T², while the NFSE decreases slowly with a factor of 1/T. As a result, even at high temperatures, the NFSE is still significant for many heavy element isotope systems. In this review paper, we begin with an introduction of the basic concept of the NSFE, including its history and recent progress, and follow with the potential implications of the inclusion of the NFSE into the kinetic isotope fractionation effect (KIE) and heavy isotope geochronology.     

The Mesozoic Basin-Mountain Coupling Process of the Southern East China Sea Shelf Basin and its Adjacent Land Area

正Objective Basin-mountain coupling is a key issue for basin formation and evolution.The analysis of basin-mountain coupling process,as well as quantitative or semiquantitative restoration of prototype basin and the evolution of continental margin,can be used to interpret     

Fractionation characteristics of rare earth elements (REEs) linked with secondary Fe,Mn, and Al minerals in soils

Soil secondary minerals are important scavengers of rare earth elements (REEs) in soils and thus affect geochemical behavior and occurrence of REEs. The fractionation of REEs is a common geochemical phenomenon in soils but has received little attention, especially fractionation induced by secondary minerals. In this study, REEs (La to Lu and Y) associated with soil-abundant secondary minerals Fe-, Al-, and Mn-oxides in 196 soil samples were investigated to explore the fractionation and anomalies of REEs related to the minerals. The results show right-inclined chondrite-normalized REE patterns for La–Lu in soils subjected to total soil digestion and partial soil extraction. Light REEs (LREEs) enrichment features were negatively correlated with a Eu anomaly and positively correlated with a Ce anomaly. The fractionation between LREEs and heavy REEs (HREEs) was attributed to the high adsorption affinity of LREEs to secondary minerals and the preferred activation/leaching of HREEs. The substantial fractions of REEs in soils extracted by oxalate and Dithionite-Citrate-Bicarbonate buffer solutions were labile (10 %–30 %), which were similar to the mass fraction of Fe (10 %–20 %). Furthermore, Eu was found to be more mobile than the other REEs in the soils, whereas Ce was less mobile. These results add to our understanding of the distribution and geochemical behavior of REEs in soils, and also help to deduce the conditions of soil formation from REE fractionation.     

阿根廷米纳毕戈塔地区水系沉积物采样粒度试验研究

中国地质调查局与阿根廷地质矿产调查局合作在阿根廷西北部米纳毕戈塔地区进行1︰25万水系沉积物测量,该区属于干旱-半干旱高寒山区,为突出找矿效果,消除或减少风积物干扰,需要确定适合于该区的水系沉积物采样粒度。为此,在该区选择一个有已知矿床的1︰5万图幅进行采样粒度试验,分别选择10~60目、-60目、60~80目、-80目4个粒度级进行粒度试验;根据我国区域地球化学勘查规范,每个粒度分析39种元素。结果表明,大部分元素在4种粒度水系沉积物中的分布形态基本一致,都能够较好地反映出区内已知矿床,说明采用的采样方法可以有效地避免风成砂干扰;金、银、铜、锡等成矿元素在4种粒度中的分布略有差异,10~60目的金、铜和锡异常对已知矿体的反应更清晰准确。因此,本区水系沉积物地球化学测量的最佳采样粒度是10~60目。根据本次试验结果,中-阿地调局在本区联合开展1︰25万水系沉积物地球化学测量时采用了10~60目水系沉积物作为采样介质,取得了很好的效果。这是本区第一次进行水系沉积粒度试验,对本区将来的地球化学调查和研究具有指导意义。     

胶东玲珑金矿田175号脉群深部地质特征与成矿预测

玲珑金矿属于以石英脉型为主的金矿床,其矿脉受玲珑断裂和破头青断裂控制。区内脉群发育,175号脉群是玲珑金矿的主要大型金矿脉群之一。文章通过总结175号脉群成矿地质背景、矿床地质特征,分析了控矿因素、矿体赋存规律、矿石类型等;阐述了175号脉群深部成矿规律,并根据见矿工程利用地质块段法预测175号脉群11—101勘探线范围-800 m标高以下(332+333)金矿石量192.44×10~4 t,金金属量8.5t。     

冰盖下矩形河道的综合糙率

综合糙率是采用曼宁公式确定河道水位和流量关系的关键参数。在河道冰封期,冰盖的出现增加了流动的阻力,明流条件下确定的综合糙率不再适用,需要重新估算。基于Einstein阻力划分过流断面的原理,冰盖下矩形河道的过水断面可划分为冰盖区、河床区和边壁区。根据总流的连续性方程,在确定各分区糙率系数、水力半径和断面面积的基础上,提出了冰盖下矩形河道综合糙率的计算公式。采用已有的试验水槽测量数据和天然河道实测资料对公式进行了验证,结果表明:公式计算的综合糙率与实测值吻合较好,与Einstein公式和Sabaneev公式相比,计算精度更高;对于冰封水流,宽浅河道采用分区水深代替水力半径进行简化计算的条件有别于明渠水流,在宽深比大于20时,计算结果才满足精度要求。