城市化对江苏气候变化影响的数值模拟个例分析

利用MM5模式对2003年夏季6、7两个月典型区域气候极端事件进行数值模拟,研究城市化急剧扩张对区域气候极端事件的影响和可能机制.研究发现:苏南及邻近地区城市化区域的扩张,会引起区域降水分布的变化.在城市化区域,降水将减少,而在城市化的下风区会有局地的降水增加;同时,在苏南城市化区域中,太湖等湖泊的影响也很重要,会加强其邻近地区局地降水强度.城市化区域的地面气温有明显的上升,对高温天气的作用更大.城市化也会影响地面风场,阻挡穿越城市化区域的风;苏南沿海城市化区域扩张,会使海陆风环流增强,加大了海面向陆面的风.城市化区域的潜热通量明显减少,而感热通量显著增加.城市化增暖产生的局地热源,使城市化区域及邻近地区局地环流发生变化,增强了低层城市化区域向周边辐散的强度.随着高度的增加,城市化的影响也越来越小.     

江西省飞机人工增雨作业临近预报系统

分析了飞机人工增雨作的临近预报产品需求,探讨了能够满足相关需求的探空资料和雷达数据分析方法,通过分析计算可以得到特定高度层上的饱和度等参量以及回波特征,并发现这些特征量对飞机人工增雨作业具有很好的指导作用。以制作和建立飞机人工增雨作业临近预报业务流程,提供临近预报和服务产品为目的,介绍了江西省相关业务的进展情况,重点探讨了预报制作过程中绘图和文档制作的程序实现方法。     

柴北缘大型基底断裂——马仙断裂的构造特征研究

利用地面地质、地球物理和钻井资料,对位于柴达木盆地北缘的马仙断裂带的平面分布和剖面结构特征进行了分析,详细的研究了该断裂的形成、发育时间和运动学特征,在此基础上,提出了一个合理的断裂活动的运动学模型。研究认为马仙断裂形成于晚白垩世,在整个新生代期间长期活动,控制了断裂两侧的盆地结构、沉积分布和油气聚集,是一条断面南倾的具有左行走滑分量的斜向冲断层。马仙断裂的运动特征源于南祁连山对盆地的差异性推覆作用。     

Anthropogenic effects on sediment quality offshore southwestern Taiwan: Assessing the sediment core geochemical record

Slag material was dumped in two sites off southwestern Taiwan by the China Steel Corporation during 1984–1995. By geochemically analyzing four sediment cores, we investigated the impact of slag on the sediment chemistry. Elemental profiles from the dumping sites show a strong depletion in detrital elements and enrichment in alkaline and redox-sensitive elements, especially for the top ～20 cm of sediments. The relative enrichment factor (EF_rel) exhibits wider range for Ca (0.73–13.33), Fe (0.88–3.03), Mg (0.94–9.58) and Mn (1.22–33.30) due to contamination of sediments by slag. Sediment weathering indicators also show a distinct change with lower values in sediments influenced by dumping due to Ca and Sr addition. Higher EF_rel for As, Cd and Pb in the top sections of the cores indicate an additional modern/industrial input of these elements since ～1950. Our study suggests that slag dumping may have a localized effect on biogeochemical processes by inducing the diagenetic remobilization of certain elements.     

Characterization of groundwater quality in Kinmen Island using multivariate analysis and geochemical modelling

Kinmen is located in the south‐west of Mainland China and mainly has two islands, Large Kinmen and Leiyu. Residents in Kinmen have drunk groundwater over several decades. This work characterized the quality of groundwater in Kinmen using factor analysis (FA), cluster analysis (CA) and geochemical simulation. The factor scores were plotted spatially to illustrate the groundwater quality and were used to discuss the grouped relationship using CA. Salinization, redox and organic matter factors are identified from 17 hydrochemical measurements in 18 wells. Acidic and oxidizing groundwater with nitrate‐N pollution is distributed mainly in the west of Large Kinmen. Saline groundwater is distributed to the north‐east of Large Kinmen and in the south of Leiyu. Groundwater with organic matter is present throughout Leiyu. Five groups of the groundwater quality divided by CA can be interpreted according to one to three factors. The grouped characteristics of the groundwater quality help the local government and industries to plan the use and protection of groundwater resources. Furthermore, a geochemical simulation was used to demonstrate the formation processes of the acidic and oxidizing groundwater properties in granitic sediments. A large amount of the precipitation of the kaolinite and magnetite releases concentrations of hydrogen ion and raises the redox potential in the aquifers. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

青藏高原潜热感热、地形高度与我国冬、夏季温度的可能影响

利用改进后的大气环流谱模式（简称SF-AGCM）进行长时间积分，分别在青藏高原冬季感热、潜热减少，夏季感热、潜热增加和地形减半等三种情况下，求出其相应的我国温度情况，结果表明：夏季感热、潜热增加，相应次年我国冬季普遍温度程升高，冬季感热潜热减少，相应次年夏季青藏高原地区温度升高，我国中东部区温度降低，只有东部沿海的温度有少量增加，降低最多地区在黄河中游，青藏高原地形高度减半，冬季青藏高原地区温度增加，0℃线沿青藏高原穿过黄河和长江的中上游，我国的东部地区温度均降低，降低最大处是在渤海和黄海附近的地区；夏季我国普遍温度都降低，青藏高原的西部温度降低最为显著，此外，在淮河附近也有较大降温。     

辽南隈子金矿床石英脉含金性的红外光谱评价及找矿前景分析

石英是石英脉型金矿床中金矿物的主要载体矿物，其含金量与其包裹体中水和二氧化碳的相对光密度Ｄ１，Ｄ２密切相关，利用红外光谱法研究矿区已知含金石金石英脉石英的标型特征，确定矿区石英脉含金性评价准则，不仅能帮助分析含金石英脉的成矿远景，而且可判别石英脉是否含金，从而减少金品位化学分析的工作量，提高找金效果，是金矿普查勘探中行之有效的找金手段之一。     

NLS EQUATION OF INTERNAL WAVES IN WEAKLY STRATIFIED OCEAN

The NLS (Non-Linear Schr(?)dinger) equation of internal waves in a wekly stratified ocean is der-ived in phase coordnates in terms of the RPM (Reductive Perturbation Method). It was shown thatwhen AB>0 there exist modulation forms of envelope soliton and dn, and tha when AB<0 there arethree modulation forms dark soliton, sn and cn. Only if K~2>B/A(?) . the side-band perturbation is stable,otherwise unstable. For the stable side-band perturbation there ekisis a modulation form of MdV soliton.     

云南天文台斑点象探测系统的性能测量与改进

讨论了云南天文台１９９５年研制的斑点象探测系统存在的几个问题：ＩＣＣＤ探测的一些性能参数不明,控制器不灵,数据的采集速度较慢等,然后报导了对ＩＣＣＤ光灵敏度和电子快门参数的测量;对ＩＣＣＤ控制器的改装和提高数据采集速度的方法以及用改进后的探测系统进行观测的情况