一种新型电磁波观测装置——深井垂直天线及初步观测结果

本文介绍了深井垂直天线与地表天线同步接收的多频道电磁波接收装置的原理和结构,以及1985年以来观测的初步结果及震前电磁波异常特征。     

Optimization of the Rock Physical Model in Tight Sandstone Reservoir

Krief model, Nur model and Pride-Lee model are usually used to calculate dry rock modulus of sandstone reservoirs, but they are not effective for tight sandstone reservoirs. Based on Krief model and Nur model, and minimizing the difference between predicted P-wave or S-wave velocities and measured velocities, we acquireed lithologic index m in Krief model and critical porosity ?_c in Nur model by Gassmann relationship. The empirical parameters used in the models are expressed as the values changing with depth, so the accuracy of Krief and Nur models to estimate the P-wave and S-wave velocities was improved, and these two models are called as the variable parameter Krief model and the variable parameter Nur model. In addition, comparing with prediction accuracy of P-wave and S-wave velocities under different constraints, we can see that the shear modulus formulas in the three models are more accurate and more suitable in the tight sandstone reservoir. Han’s relationship about K_dry and u_dry is not affected by porosity, lithology and other factors, and the paper established dry rock model by Han’s relationship and any one of the above three models. The new dry rock model was applied in the Gassmann relationship to predict S-wave velocity of H8 tight sandstone reservoir in Sulige Gas Filed, Ordos Basin, which improved the accuracy of predicting S-wave velocity. At the same time, lithology index m in Krief model, critical porosity ?_c in Nur model and consolidation parameters c in Pride-Lee model which are corresponding to each sample can be obtained. The values of these parameters can reflect lithology difference, pore structure, compaction degree and other characteristics, which indicate the geological characteristics of the reservoir.     

The relationship between spring soil moisture and summer hot extremes over North China

The increase in the occurrence of hot extremes is known to have resulted in serious consequences for human society and ecosystems. However,our ability to seasonally predict hot extremes remains poor,largely due to our limited understanding of slowly evolving earth system components such as soil moisture,and their interactions with climate. In this study,we focus on North China,and investigate the relationship of the spring soil moisture condition to summer hot extremes using soil moisture data from the Global Land Data Assimilation System and observational temperature for the period 1981–2008. It is found that local soil moisture condition in spring is closely linked to summer hot days and heat waves over North China,accounting for 19%–34% of the total variances. Spring soil moisture anomalies can persist to the summer season,and subsequently alter latent and sensible heat fluxes,thus having significant effects on summer hot extremes. Our findings indicate that the spring soil moisture condition can be a useful predictor for summer hot days and heat waves over North China.     

Semi-analytical solutions for soil consolidation induced by drying

Acta Geotechnica - Drying induced consolidation is ubiquitous in nature, yet no theoretical model is available to delineate this phenomenon. Fundamentally, this phenomenon is a multi-physical...     

基于多变量M-K检验的北江流域降水趋势分析

降水是北江流域水资源的主要来源,因此研究北江流域降水趋势有利于水资源合理规划和实现可持续利用,但目前的趋势分析主要以单变量趋势检验为主,对多变量的趋势分析研究较少。基于此,分别采用单变量和多变量M-K检验趋势分析方法,针对北江流域6个代表性气象站点1959~2009年逐日降水资料,以各站的年降水量、年降水天数和年最大降水量三个变量为主要研究对象,分析得到北江流域的降水变化整体趋势。结果表明,仁化站、韶关站、乐昌站、连州站和广宁站的变化趋势不显著,清远站的变化趋势显著。在整体趋势分析方面,多变量趋势分析方法可同时考虑降水的多重属性特点,从而可更好分析流域降水整体趋势。     

Patterns of basin fill in Triassic turbidites of the Nanpanjiang basin: implications for regional tectonics and impacts on carbonate‐platform evolution

The Nanpanjiang Basin occurs in a key position for resolving controversies of basin tectonics and patterns of plate assembly at the junction between south China and Southeast Asian plates. Paleocurrent measurements indicate that siliciclastic turbidites in the basin were sourced by the Precambrian Jiangnan uplift to the northeast, the Precambrian Yunkai uplift to the southeast and the Triassic Songma suture to the south. Detrital zircon geochronology reveals Archean (2500 Ma), Paleoproterozoic (1800–1900 Ma), Neoproterozoic (900–1000 Ma) and Paleozoic (420–460 Ma) ages consistent with derivation from the Jiangnan and Yunkai uplifts. A large Permian‐Triassic peak of 250 Ma is present in the southern basin and attenuates northward suggesting derivation from an arc developed along the Songma suture. Sandstone QFL compositions average 65/12/23% and plot in the recycled orogen field except for a few samples in the southern basin that fall in the dissected arc field. The compositions are consistent with derivation from Precambrian basement that includes orogenic complexes. In the southern basin, Middle Triassic turbidites contain greater lithics and feldspars and Lower Triassic turbidites have volcaniclastic composition consistent with derivation from a southerly arc. Our preferred interpretation is evolution from remnant basin to a large peripheral foreland with southward subduction and convergence with Indochina along the Songma suture. The previously proposed Dian‐Qiong zone is not a suture as its map location places it within carbonate platforms bounded by identical stratigraphy. The Nan‐Uttaradit zone is too distant to have provided voluminous siliciclastic flux to the basin. The Nanpanjiang Basin provides an example of the evolution of an exceptionally large foreland with far‐field rejuvenation of Precambrian uplifts and carbonate platforms that were significantly influenced by siliciclastic flux. The timing and pattern of turbidite basin fill impacted platform evolution by enabling margin progradation in areas proximal to siliciclastic sources, whereas platforms distant from sources were driven to aggradation and extreme relief with large‐scale gravitational sector collapse.     

贵州乌蒙山毕节市七星关区资源环境承载能力评价

西南岩溶地区是中国重要的生态敏感区,生态地质环境较脆弱,在该类地区探索资源与环境的协调发展,是促进区域可持续发展之路。以乌蒙山集中连片扶贫区中的毕节市七星关区为评价试点,查明了区域地质资源环境现状,探索构建了适用于乌蒙山典型地区的地质资源环境承载能力评价指标体系。评价发现:①七星关区地质资源承载能力总体较强,但空间分布不均;②该地区水土环境承载能力总体较高,但七星关区城区、鸭池镇、清水铺镇等局部地区存在一定的水土环境污染,导致水土环境承载能力较低;③区域地质安全承载能力以中等-较强为主,城区近郊的朱昌和小项地区地质安全承载能力强,是进行城市规划和工程建设的有利地区。评价结果可为区域国土空间规划及"三区三线"划定提供地质依据。     

影响飞行的两次强沙尘暴天气分析

根据天气特点、热力作用,雷达回波、地形等方面对乌海机场2005年5月26日、2006年7月24日发生的两次强沙尘暴天气进行分析,分析结果表明,造成这两次沙尘暴的天气形势均为西北气流型,由于上游沙漠地带地表温度高,低层热动力辐合抬升,导致下地表出现上升运动,造成沙尘暴天气。     

基于大地测量观测的断层运动研究综述

以基于大地测量观测资料研究断层运动为主线,分析讨论地震大地测量观测资料在分析研究断层不同孕震周期运动模式中发挥的作用。回顾断层位错模型的发展,包括弹性回跳理论的提出、位错理论在描述同震、震间和震后形变中的发展应用,总结地震大地测量观测在判断断层孕震阶段中的应用,为断层地震危险性分析提供支撑。     

Preliminary analysis on the source properties and seismogenic structure of the 2017 <Emphasis Type="Italic">M</Emphasis><Subscript>s</Subscript>7.0 Jiuzhaigou earthquake

At GMT time 13:19, August 8, 2017, an M_s7.0 earthquake struck the Jiuzhaigou region in Sichuan Province, China, causing severe damages and casualties. To investigate the source properties, seismogenic structures, and seismic hazards, we systematically analyzed the tectonic environment, crustal velocity structure in the source region, source parameters and rupture process, Coulomb failure stress changes, and 3-D features of the rupture plane of the Jiuzhaigou earthquake. Our results indicate the following: (1) The Jiuzhaigou earthquake occurred on an unmarked fault belonging to the transition zone of the east Kunlun fault system and is located northwest of the Huya fault. (2) Both the mainshock and aftershock rupture zones are located in a region where crustal seismic velocity changes dramatically. Southeast to the source region, shear wave velocity at the middle to lower crust is significantly low, but it rapidly increases northeastward and lies close to the background velocity across the rupture fault. (3) The aftershock zone is narrow and distributes along the northwest-southeast trend, and most aftershocks occur within a depth range of 5–20 km. (4) The focal mechanism of the Jiuzhaigou earthquake indicates a left-lateral strike-slip fault, with strike, dip, and rake angles of 152°, 74° and 8°, respectively. The hypocenter depth measures 20 km, whereas the centroid depth is about 6 km. The co-seismic rupture mainly concentrates at depths of 3–13 km, with a moment magnitude (M_w) of 6.5. (5) The co-seismic rupture also strengthens the Coulomb failure stress at the two ends of the rupture fault and the east segment of the Tazang fault. Aftershocks relocation results together with geological surveys indicate that the causative fault is a near vertical fault with notable spatial variations: dip angle varies within 66°–89° from northwest to southeast and the average dip angle measures ~84°. The results of this work are of fundamental importance for further studies on the source characteristics, tectonic environment, and seismic hazard evaluation of the Jiuzhaigou earthquake.