Assessing population movement impacts on urban heat island of Beijing during the Chinese New Year holiday: effects of meteorological conditions

Theoretical and Applied Climatology - Chinese New Year (CNY), or Spring Festival, is the most important of all festivals in China. We use daily observations to show that Beijing’s urban heat...     

利用GPS观测资料研究山西断陷带的应变特征

利用美国麻省理工学院的GAMIT／GLOBK数据处理软件,计算获得了山西GPS观测网2001—2003年观测点在ITRF2000框架下的运动速率,并扣除了欧亚板块的整体运动。在此基础上,根据距离加权的最小二乘估计法计算了该区在2001-2003年的水平主应变,有效地避免了三角均匀应变场计算方法易受点位分布及划分网格形式的影响。得到的应变率结果显示,在山西断陷带内部,大同和运城盆地拉张较为明显,太原一临汾盆地之间呈现出一定的挤压特征,表明了山西各盆地内部区域应力场的差异以及整体构造的不连续性。     

A partitioned and asynchronous cellular automata model for urban growth simulation

Cellular automata (CA) models are used to analyze and simulate the global phenomenon of urban growth. However, these models are characterized by ignoring spatially heterogeneous transition rules and asynchronous evolving rates, which make it difficult to improve urban growth simulations. In this paper, a partitioned and asynchronous cellular automata (PACA) model was developed by implementing the spatial heterogeneity of both transition rules and evolving rates in urban growth simulations. After dividing the study area into several subregions by k-means and knn-cluster algorithms, a C5.0 decision tree algorithm was employed to identify the transition rules in each subregion. The evolving rates for cells in each regularly divided grid were calculated by the rate of changed cells. The proposed PACA model was implemented to simulate urban growth in Wuhan, a large city in central China. The results showed that PACA performed better than traditional CA models in both a cell-to-cell accuracy assessment and a shape dimension accuracy assessment. Figure of merit of PACA is 0.368 in this research, which is significantly higher than that of partitioned CA (0.327) and traditional CA (0.247). As for the shape dimension accuracy, PACA has a fractal dimension of 1.542, which is the closest to that of the actual land use (1.535). However, fractal dimension of traditional CA (1.548) is closer to that of the actual land use than that of partitioned CA (1.285). It indicates that partitioned transition rules play an important role in the cell-to-cell accuracy of CA models, whereas the combination of partitioned transition rules and asynchronous evolving rates results in improved cell-to-cell accuracy and shape dimension accuracy. Thus, implementing partitioned transition rules and asynchronous evolving rates yields better CA model performance in urban growth simulations due to its accordance with actual urban growth processes.     

Finite element simulation of stress change for the MS7.4 Madoi earthquake and implications for regional seismic hazards

On May 22, 2021, the M_S 7.4 earthquake occurred in Madoi County, Qinghai Province; it was another strong event that occurred within the Bayan Har block after the Dari M_S 7.7 earthquake in 1947. An earthquake is bound to cast stress to the surrounding faults, thus affecting the regional seismic hazard. To understand these issues, a three-dimensional viscoelastic finite element model of the eastern Bayan Har block and its adjacent areas was constructed. Based on the co-seismic rupture model of the Madoi earthquake, we analyzed the co- and post-seismic Coulomb stress change caused by the Madoi earthquake on the surrounding major faults. The results show that the Madoi earthquake caused significant co-seismic stress increases in the Tuosuo Lake and Maqin-Maqu segments of the East Kunlun fault (>10 ?kPa), which exceeded the proposed threshold of stress triggering. By integrating the accumulation rate of the inter-seismic tectonic stress, we conclude that the Madoi earthquake caused future strong earthquakes in the Tuosuo Lake and Maqin-Maqu segments of the East Kunlun fault to advance by 55.6-623 and 24.7-123 ?a, respectively. Combined with the influence of the Madoi earthquake and the elapsed time of the last strong earthquake, these two segments have approached or even exceeded the recurrence interval of the fault prescribed by previous research. In the future, it is necessary to focus greater attention on the seismic hazard of the Maqin-Maqu and Tuosuo Lake segments. This study provides a mechanical reference to understand the seismic hazard of the East Kunlun fault in the future, particularly to determine the seismic potential region.     

四川成都市唐昌镇土壤硒分布特征及影响因素

硒是人体必须的微量元素之一,食用含硒农产品是人体获取硒元素的重要途径。调查土壤硒的含量特征、划定富硒区、查明硒空间分布和迁移富集的影响因素,对富硒土地资源利用和富硒农产品开发具有重要意义。本文选择成都市唐昌镇采集土壤样品,采用原子荧光光谱法(AAS)和电感耦合等离子体发射光谱/质谱法(ICP-OES/MS)等方法测定土壤中的Se、As、总有机碳(TOC)等组分含量和pH值,运用方差分析、相关性分析、地理探测器等方法对土壤硒含量、分布特征及影响因素进行探讨。结果表明：(1)研究区土壤硒含量范围为0.082～1.10mg/kg,平均含量为0.337mg/kg,分别是成都市、四川省和全国土壤硒平均含量的1.47、4.02和1.16倍;(2)全镇99.2%的土壤硒呈足硒及富硒状态,且土壤硒含量随着深度增加总体呈降低趋势,空间分布上,高硒区整体呈北西向带状分布于战旗、柏木、大云和竹林等村落;(3)相关性分析表明土壤Pb、Cr、Ni、Cd、Hg、As、总钾(TK)、总氮(TN)、pH、TOC和海拔高度对土壤硒的富集迁移均有极为显著(P<0.01)的影响,但影响程度不一;(4)地理探测器的因子...     

利用交会面积法预测百色盆地致密碎屑岩储层初始产量

百色盆地东部坳陷中央凹陷带那读组为陆相碎屑岩沉积地层,其储集层具有岩石结构复杂、物性条件差、低孔低渗、非均质性极强等特点,使用传统方法预测其初始产量比较困难。因此从基础资料入手,分析储层特征,并通过研究储层流体性质的响应特征,提出了运用含油指示参数OID与反映孔隙结构的参数m的交会面积方法来预测初始产量。该方法由于综合了影响该地区储层产量的孔隙度、泥质含量、厚度、含油饱和度、渗透率等关键参数,预测精度和直观性有很大的提高,较好实现对那读组致密储层产量的快速预测,实际应用效果十分显著。     

Characterization of defensin gene from abalone <Emphasis Type="Italic">Haliotis discus hannai</Emphasis> and its deduced protein

Defensin is one of preserved ancient host defensive materials formed in biological evolution. As a regulator and effector molecule, it is very important in animals＇ acquired immune system. This paper reports the defensin gene from the mixed liver and kidney cDNA library of abalone Haliotis discus hannai Ino. Sequence analysis shows that the gene sequence of full-length cDNA encodes 42 mature peptides （including six Cys）, molecular weight of 4 323 Da, and pI of 8.02. Amino acid sequence homology analysis shows that the peptides are highly similar （70% in common） to other insects defensin. Because of a typical insect-defensin structural character of mature peptide in the secondary structure, the polypeptide named Haliotis discus defensin （hd-def）, a novel of antimicrobial peptides, belongs to insects defensin subfamily. The RT-PCR result of Haliotis discus defensin shows that the gene can be expressed only in the hepatopancreas by Gram-negative and positive bacteria stimulation, which is ascribed to inducible expression. Therefore, it is revealed that the Haliotis discus defensin gene expression was related to the antibacterial infection of Haliotis discus hannai Ino.     

三维激光扫描技术在建筑立面照明设计中的应用

建筑立面图是立面照明设计的基础数据,直接影响着设计精度和效果。本文针对传统立面测量效率低、还原度低等问题,提出了基于三维激光扫描技术的建筑立面测量方案;并结合实际案例,探讨了导线式三维激光扫描和点云图形绘制。应用案例表明,三维扫描技术更便捷、高效地为立面照明设计提供了精确详细的建筑立面图。     

The North-South Seismic Belt:Vertical Deformation Velocity Gradient Research

The vertical deformation gradient can reflect the rate of vertical change in unit distance, and the vertical deformation velocity gradient can reflect the strength of the earth''s crust tectonic activities. In this paper, using long period leveling data combined with GPS data, the vertical deformation gradient values are calculated. Leveling data and GPS data are two different means of monitoring deformation, but the result is approximately the same vertical deformation gradient. The results show that the spatial distribution of the vertical deformation velocity gradient and tectonic distribution has an obvious correlation. The most significant gradient anomalies along the North-South Seismic Belt are Xianshuihe fault, Longmenshan fault and Xiaojiang-Zemuhe fault, while the second gradient anomalies in the northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan plateau are Zhuanglanghe fault and Lenglongling fault. The Menyuan M_S6.4 earthquake in 2016 occurred in this abnormal area. However, according to the vertical deformation high gradient area distribution, there is also the possibility of an earthquake occurrence in the Tianzhu and Jingtai area. The area of convergence of three major fault zones is the strongest tectonically active region of the North-South Seismic Belt.