Area‐preservation Simplification of Polygonal Boundaries by the Use of the Structured Total Least Squares Method with Constraints

This article presents an area‐preservation approach for polygonal boundary simplification by the use of structured total least squares adjustment with constraints (STLSC), with the aim being to maintain the area of the original polygons after the simplification. Traditionally, a simplified line is represented by critical points selected from the original one. However, this study focuses on maintaining the areas of the polygons in the process of simplification of polygonal boundaries. Therefore, the proposed method in this article is a supplement to the existing line simplification methods, and it improves the quality of the simplification of polygonal boundaries in terms of positional and area errors. Based on the sub‐divisions of the original polyline, using the critical points detected from the polyline by the use of line simplification methods, the framework of the proposed method includes three main components, as follows: (1) establishment of the straight‐line‐segment fitting model based on both the critical and intermediate points on the sub‐polyline; (2) introduction of both area and end‐point constraints to reduce the geometric distortions due to the line simplification; and (3) derivation of the solution of boundary simplification by the use of STLSC. An empirical example was conducted to test the applicability of the proposed method. The results showed that: (1) by imposing the linear fitting model on both the critical and intermediate points on the sub‐polylines in the proposed STLSC method, the positional differences between the original points and the simplified line are approximately in a normal distribution; and (2) by introducing both end‐point and area constraints in the proposed STLSC method, the areas of the simplified polygons are the same as those of the original ones at different scales, and the two neighboring fitted lines are connected to each other at the optimized position.     

2011年9月10日瑞昌、阳新间M4.6地震序列特征分析

2011年9月10日瑞昌、阳新间M4.6地震之后,震中区附近发生一系列余震活动.从序列特征、小震震源机制解、余震活动的时空分布特征以及震区地质构造情况等方面,对该地震序列进行初步研究,结果显示:M4.6地震序列中较强的地震活动主要沿NE走向的枫林桥断裂分布,ML2.0以下的微弱地震活动主要沿NW向的襄樊—广济断裂带武穴段分布,M4.6主震可能由NE向的枫林桥断裂所控制.     

Effects of Doubled Carbon Dioxide on Rainfall Responses to Radiative Processes of Water Clouds

The effects of doubled carbon dioxide on rainfall responses to radiative processes of water clouds are investigated in this study. The two groups of two-dimensional cloud-resolving model sensitivity experiments in pre-summer heavy rainfall around the summer solstice and tropical rainfall around the winter solstice are conducted and their averages over 5 days and model domain are analyzed. In the presence of radiative effects of ice clouds, doubled carbon dioxide changes pre-summer rainfall from the decrease associated with the enhanced atmospheric cooling to the increase associated with the enhanced infrared cooling as a result of the exclusion of radiative effects of water clouds. Doubled carbon dioxide leads to the reduction in tropical rainfall caused by the removal of radiative effects of water clouds through the suppressed infrared cooling. In the absence of radiative effects of ice clouds, doubled carbon dioxide changes pre-summer rainfall from the increase associated with the increased atmospheric warming to the decrease associated with the weakened release of latent heat caused by the elimination of radiative effects of water clouds. The exclusion of radiative effects of water clouds increases tropical rainfall through the strengthened infrared cooling, which is insensitive to the change in carbon dioxide.     

山东半岛蓝色经济区制造业空间转移研究

2011年国务院批复确立山东半岛蓝色经济区。选择2009—2013年时间段,通过将制造业按三分法分类、计算并比较绝对集聚指数、相对集聚指数(区位熵)和动态集聚指数,研究2011年前后山东半岛蓝色经济区两位数制造业的空间分布变化,为制造业在蓝色经济区协同发展提供佐证和建议。研究结果表明:蓝色经济区制造业已有序向省会城市群和西部隆起带转移,蓝色经济区内6个地市间,东营和潍坊为制造业主要承接地,青岛、烟台和威海在技术密集型产业上存在竞争。     

波速旁压联合测试法在断层破碎带勘察评价中的应用

介绍波速旁压联合测试方法及其在断层破碎带勘察中的应用实例。对比试验证明,该方法是行之有效的。     

大亚湾大鹏澳油污染状况和自净能力的研究 --污染有机物可降解性研究

将已知浓度的污染物石油烃加入到取自大亚湾大鹏澳天然海水中，进行污染物自净能力实验室模拟试验，探讨了各种条件下微生物对有机物降解的影响，用有机物浓度、ATP、DO、BOD5、COD描述了有机物的降解过程。根据实验结果，得出BOD5和ATP可用来指示降解过程中微生物量的变化；此外，在一定条件下，石油烃的生物降解一级反应方程可描述为OIL=17.442e^-0.1949d。     

基于Sentinel-1数据的银川盆地现今地壳形变研究

基于InSAR技术,利用Sentinel-1数据获取银川盆地及周边地区2015~2019年高空间分辨率地壳形变速率场。结果显示,银川盆地整体呈下沉趋势,贺兰山东麓断裂及黄河断裂两条主控断裂两侧存在较明显的差异性运动,芦花台隐伏断裂和银川隐伏断裂活动不明显。对一般倾角断层的震间地表形变曲线拟合公式进行改进,实现了基于单一轨道InSAR观测值同时反演断层倾角、走滑速率、倾滑速率以及闭锁深度。将算法应用于灵武断裂的活动状态及闭锁深度反演,得到断裂走滑速率约为303 mm/a,正断倾滑速率约为027 mm/a,闭锁深度约为6.8 km,倾角约为54.7°。此外,InSAR监测发现,石嘴山市和银川市东部存在局部巨幅形变,通过InSAR时序分析及现场调查认为,形变可能由人类活动引起。     

基于GPS和小震研究金沙江断裂带现今活动特征

利用GPS水平速度场和现今小震活动分布资料,对金沙江断裂带活动特征开展分段分析,并对其地震危险性进行讨论。结果表明：1）金沙江断裂带不同段落的活动性存在差异,北段活动性不明显,中段及南段表现出明显的右旋走滑运动,滑动速率分别为4.9 mm/a和5.5 mm/a,闭锁深度约为20 km;2）金沙江断裂带中段及南段存在应变积累,地震危险性不容忽视;3）从现今地壳形变资料分析,金沙江断裂带是控制川滇菱形块体运动的西北边界。     

东海外陆架浅孔沉积物的岩性和磁性特征及成因讨论?

利用东海外陆架的10根柱状样，进行磁性、粒度、氯离子含量和粘土矿物分析。结果表明：在东海外陆架扬子浅滩前缘，浅部沉积地层自上而下可分为两层。上层为砂泥混合物，含大量贝壳碎片，磁化率与饱和等温剩磁较强，主要是磁铁矿富集所致，反映了冰后期海侵对晚更新世沉积物的强烈改造。研究还发现，现代海底表层沉积物中存在铁硫化物，它是浅海还原环境中铁磁性矿物次生变化的产物。下层为坚硬致密的黄褐色泥质粉砂和粉砂质泥（硬土层），磁化率与饱和等温剩磁较弱，但局部存在剩磁异常高，从矫顽力等磁性特征证明它是硫复铁矿的富集所致。另外，在硫复铁矿富集层中绿泥石和氯离子含量明显富集，反映该硬土层是早期海侵沉积物在末次冰期干冷气候条件下的风化产物。     

广西两次典型低温雨雪天气过程的成因对比分析

利用常规观测资料、ERA-Interim、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,对比分析了2016年1月21—26日和2018年12月28日至2019年1月2日影响广西柳州的2次低温雨雪冰冻天气的成因。结果表明:2次过程期间中高纬均为两槽一脊形势,阻塞高压较常年同期偏强28dagpm;2018年过程期间近地层强冷平流的持续输送和高层冷空气的补充是柳州2018年气温低于2016年的重要原因,中低层持续的水汽输送及水汽辐合,长时间逆温层维持以及较强的逆温强度使得降雪持续时间及范围强于2016年;2016年过程期间中层强盛的西北气流使冷空气南下迅速,700hPa急流区以及850hPa风速辐合区的偏南导致明显的降雪主要出现在广西南部,柳州只出现少量降雪,温度回升较快。