基于InSAR技术城市垃圾场存量垃圾填埋量的估计

城市垃圾治理是生态文明建设、城市精细化管理的必然要求.有效评估城市垃圾场存量垃圾填埋量,提升处理技术,减少垃圾污染是城市管理部门首要解决的问题.由于早期垃圾场采用深挖填埋式,且建立时间较长,很难获得垃圾填埋数量.通过调查雷达卫星存档数据,利用InSAR技术得到不同时期的数字高程模型数据,进而计算得到哈尔滨市某垃圾场历史存量垃圾数据.     

河北矾山超钾质岩浆氧逸度及含水性特征的磷灰石地球化学记录

产于华北克拉通北缘的晚三叠世矾山超钾质碱性岩杂岩体主要由单斜辉石岩和辉石正长岩等组成,以发育内生磷灰石-磁铁矿矿床而闻名。本文选取矾山杂岩体中的磷灰石为研究对象,通过测试磷灰石的主微量元素及原位Sr-Nd同位素组成以探讨母岩浆的氧逸度及含水性特征。研究表明,矾山磷灰石以轻稀土元素富集、重稀土元素亏损为特征,显示出缺乏显著Ce异常的“右倾”的稀土配分型式,且具有较低的Ga含量及较高的δEu值,暗示杂岩体具有较高的岩浆氧逸度,这也得到了磷灰石Mn氧逸度计的支持。所有磷灰石以高Sr、低Y为特征,具有较高的Sr/Y(>30)和La/Yb(>90)比值,且Sr/Y与La/Yb存在明显的正相关关系,表明矾山超钾质岩浆具有较高的含水量。矾山磷灰石的原位Sr-Nd同位素投点位于地幔序列,明显偏离地壳趋势。母岩浆的“氧化且富水”特征是矾山杂岩体得以发生磷灰石-磁铁矿矿化的重要因素,其主要与板片俯冲过程中蚀变洋壳对岩石圈地幔的交代作用有关。通过对比矾山杂岩体与全球范围内其他地质环境中磷灰石的成分数据,发现具有“高Sr、低F、少Cl”特征的磷灰石可作为识别超钾质碱性岩杂岩体(及其相关金属矿床)的...     

北京一次积层混合云系结构和水分收支的数值模拟分析

本文利用中国气象科学研究院(CAMS)中尺度云分辨模式对2007年10月的一次积层混合云降水过程进行了数值模拟。利用模拟结果结合实测资料, 研究了积层混合云系的宏微观结构和降水特征, 并分析了云系的水分收支及降水效率。结果表明:积层混合云是导致此次北京降水的主要云型;积层混合云降水分布不均匀, 云系中微物理量的水平和垂直分布都不均匀, 具有混合相云的云物理结构。冷云降水过程占主导地位, 雪的融化对雨水的形成贡献最大。北京区域降水过程的主要水汽源地为黄海海面及蒙古国, 两支气流在陕西北部汇合后的西南气流将水汽输送到华北地区, 北京区域以外, 水汽和水凝物主要从西边界和南边界输送到域内。北京区域降水主要时段内, 水物质通量在水平方向上为净流入。对北京区域水汽、水凝物和总水物质的水分收支各项的估算表明, 水物质基本达到平衡。北京区域从2007年10月5日20时至6日14时, 总水成物降水效率、凝结率、凝华率及总水凝物降水效率分别为5.6%、4.77%、4.19%、44.9%。     

Optical detection of Prorocentrum donghaiense blooms based on multispectral reflectance

Prorocentrum donghaiense is one of the most common red tide causative dinoflagellates in the Changjiang （Yangtze） River Estuary and the adjacent area of the East China Sea. It causes large-scale blooms in late spring and early summer that lead to widespread ecologic and economic damage. A means for distinguish- ing dinoflagellate blooms from diatom （Skeletonema costatum） blooms is desired. On the basis of measure- ments of remote sensing refectance [Rrs（λ）] and inherent optical parameters, the potential of using a mul- tispectral approach is assessed for discriminating the algal blooms due to P. donghaiense from those due to S. costatum. The behavior of two reflectance ratios [R1 = Rrs（560）/Rrs（532） and Re = Rrs（708）/Rrs（665）], suggests that differentiation of P. donghaiense blooms from diatom bloom types is possible from the current band setup of ocean color sensors. It is found that there are two reflectance ratio regimes that indicate a bloom is dominated by P. donghaiense; （1） R1 〉 1.55 and R2 〈 1.0 or （2） R1 〉 1.75 and R2 ≥ 1.0. Various sensitivity analyses are conducted to investigate the effects of the variation in varying levels of chlorophyll concentration and colored dissolved organic matter （CDOM） as well as changes in the backscattering ratio （bbp/bp） on the efficacy of this muitispectral approach. Results indicate that the intensity and inherent op- tical properties of the algal species explain much of the behavior of the two ratios. Although backscattering influences the amplitude of Rrs（λ）, especially in the 530 and 560 nm bands, the discrimination between P. donghaiense and diatoms is not significantly affected by the variation of bbp/bp. Since aCDOM （440） in coastal areas of the ECS is typically lower than 1.0 m-1 in most situations, the presence of CDOM does not interfere with this discrimination, even as SCDOM varies from 0.01 to 0.026 nm-1. Despite all of these effects, the dis- crimination of P. donghaiense blooms from diatom blooms based on multispectral measurements of Rrs（λ） is feasible.     

西藏岗巴-定日盆地盖层特征与评价

岗巴-定日盆地发育一定厚度的生储盖层,作为可能盖层其分布较广.通过野外采集盖层样和室内测试样品的孔隙度、渗透率、突破压力等物性参数,结合盖层的横向展布及厚度,综合分析盖层封盖能力,作出正确评价.研究结果表明,盆地内不同地层中均有不同类型盖层分布,且单层厚度大,其封盖性不同,多为有利-较好盖层,为研究西藏油气保存提供了有力的地质依据.     

利用井中磁方位异常判断磁性体位置的方法

根据国产井中磁力仪能计算钻孔中无磁干扰井段磁方位角,而引入受水平磁异常干扰产生磁方位异常Δβ的概念;并阐明Δβ的符号与水平磁异常ΔH方向的对应特性,从而得出Δβ曲线图型与磁性体相对于钻孔位置的关系,提出Δβ为井中磁测定位解释的一个辅助参量。     

内蒙古金豆子山铅锌矿地质特征及成因初析

金豆子山铅锌矿赋存于华北地台北缘、白云鄂博裂谷带中的中元古界白云鄂博群地层中,属中低温热液矿床,受断裂破碎带控制。该矿床地表已控制的Ⅰ号矿带为矿床的主矿带,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ号矿带为隐伏矿带。矿石储量670多万吨,铅锌金属量约24万吨,平均品位铅1.85%,锌1.65%。围岩蚀变有褐铁矿化、硅化、绢云母化、绿泥石化、含铁锰碳酸盐化等。今后找矿的方向为金豆子山倒转背斜的断裂破碎带内,进一步勘查有望找到成因类似的铅锌矿床。     

Bedload transport and bed resistance associated with density and turbidity currents

Turbidity currents in the ocean are driven by suspended sediment. Yet results from surveys of the modern sea floor and turbidite outcrops indicate that they are capable of transporting as bedload and depositing particles as coarse as cobble sizes. While bedload cannot drive turbidity currents, it can strongly influence the nature of the deposits they emplace. This paper reports on the first set of experiments which focus on bedload transport of granular material by density underflows. These underflows include saline density flows, hybrid saline/turbidity currents and a pure turbidity current. The use of dissolved salt is a surrogate for suspended mud which is so fine that it does not settle out readily. Thus, all the currents can be considered to be model turbidity currents. The data cover four bed conditions: plane bed, dunes, upstream‐migrating antidunes and downstream‐migrating antidunes. The bedload transport relation obtained from the data is very similar to those obtained for open‐channel flows and, in fact, is fitted well by an existing relation determined for open‐channel flows. In the case of dunes and downstream‐migrating antidunes, for which flow separation on the lee sides was observed, form drag falls in a range that is similar to that due to dunes in sand‐bed rivers. This form drag can be removed from the total bed shear stress using an existing relation developed for rivers. Once this form drag is subtracted, the bedload data for these cases collapse to follow the same relation as for plane beds and upstream‐migrating antidunes, for which no flow separation was observed. A relation for flow resistance developed for open‐channel flows agrees well with the data when adapted to density underflows. Comparison of the data with a regime diagram for field‐scale sand‐bed rivers at bankfull flow and field‐scale measurements of turbidity currents at Monterey Submarine Canyon, together with Shields number and densimetric Froude number similarity analyses, provide strong evidence that the experimental relations apply at field scale as well.     

论新疆吐哈盆地的两种构造单元体系

重点研究了吐哈盆地构造单元的类型、构造属性及其与构造反转之间的关系等相关问题.吐哈盆地的构造单元可归为2种不同类型的体系:坳陷/隆起-凹陷/凸起类型的体系和构造带类型的体系.前者为沉积构造单元,具有同沉积构造的属性.可代表盆地形成时期的伸展性结构与构造;后者则为变形构造单元,具有"后生或次生"构造的属性,反映或代表了后期的构造反转.吐哈盆地"东西分块"应是同沉积期构造格局的表象,"南北分带"则主要是后期挤压与构造反转的结果.由此也进一步证明,吐哈原型盆地属伸展性盆地,后期则因挤压改造而发生了构造反转.前述各种特征则可能是此类构造反转盆地所具有的特殊的地质构造现象.     

沉积型铝土矿预测方法及其影响因素——以贵州省铝土矿为例

以全国矿产资源潜力评价技术要求为基础,以贵州省铝土矿预测方法为实例,在简述国内沉积型铝土矿矿床类型、特征和预测方法的基础上,重点论述了地质单元法、网格单元法中划分预测单元、拟选预测要素和赋值的方法,以及地质填图精度、矿床特征、地-物-化-遥等信息对矿产预测的影响。该网格单元法考虑因素较全面,应用信息较充分,预测精度达到了矿体-矿床级。