Microwave Simulations of Precipitation Distribution with Two Radiative Transfer Models

Two microwave radiative transfer models of precipitating cloud are used to simulate the microwave upwelling radiances emerging from precipitating clouds. Comparison of the simulation results shows that significant difference of microwave upwelling radiances exists between these two radiative transfer models. Analysis of these differences in different cloud and precipitation conditions shows that it is complicated but has certain trend for different microwave frequencies. The results may be useful to quantitative rainfall rate retrieval of real precipitating clouds.     

江淮流域一次特大暴雨的数值模拟及动力分析

以周晓平研制的有限区域细网格数值模式为基础，编制成一个套网格模式，并对１９９１年７月２～３日发生在江淮流域的特大暴雨过程，进行了数值模拟和动力分析。结果表明：低空急流加强，输送了大量暖湿空气并激发强烈的上升运动是造成该区暴雨的主要原因；在该过程中，热成风平衡遭到破坏，其非热成风平衡部分伴随相应的二级环流，也有利于垂直运动的产生。     

华南区域季节性降水的差异分析

运用EOF方法研究华南区域降水时空分布特征,结果表明：（1）华南地区各季节降水在年际和年代际的时间变化上有区域一致性,但有季节性差异,其中春季和秋季在20世纪80年代后降水明显减少,旱年增多;而夏季90年代后降水明显增加,涝年增多;冬季变化则不明显。（2）华南地区各季节降水在空间分布上也有差异,其中春季降水呈现东多西少的分布特征,大值中心位于广西东北部、广东中部及西南沿海。夏季和秋季降水相似,呈南多北少的分布特征,大值中心位于广西沿海和广东西南沿海。冬季降水呈东北多西南少的分布特征,大值中心位于粤北。     

Observations on low-temperature oxidation of minerals in bituminous coals

Mineral matter in three naturally weathered coals from Pennsylvania strip mines and in two laboratory-oxidized coals has been characterized by ⁵⁷Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and other techniques to determine mineralogical trasnformations that occur in coals during weathering. Pyrite was found to be the most readily oxidized mineral, forming a variety of iron sulfates initially and geethite eventually. The iron sulfates formed were different in the two laboratory-oxidized coals, despite identical oxidation treatments. Calcite disappeared from one calcite-rich coal with increasing oxidation, but was not replaced by an equivalent amount of gypsum. A severely weathered strip-mine coal was enriched in calcium, which was dispersed through the oxidized macerals. Extended X-ray absorption fine-structure spectroscopy indicated that this dispersed calcium was most likely present as salts of carboxylic acids. Siderite was suprisingly resistant to oxidation at room temperature. Less direct evidence indicates that clay minerals also take part in the alteration to some extent.The coals oxidized in the laboratory showed alteration behavior that differed in a number of respects from that of the strip-mine coals. For example, iron sulfates were much less common in the latter coals; also, the formation of geothite appeared to be controlled to a large extent by the pyrite particle size in the strip-mine coals, but not in the laboratory-oxidized coals.The oxidation of an individual pyrite grain is not only a function of general conditions (temperature, humidity, oxygen partial pressure), but also the immediate local (< 1 mm) chemistry, as a variety of iron sulfates were observed in the coals, often in close proximity. Also, assemblages of gypsum and goethite were observed in otherwise slightly oxidized coal, which indicates that the alteration of pyrite and calcite, when in close contact, proceeds most rapidly.     

珠江口盆地东部中新统珠江组碳酸盐岩沉积微相研究

基于对珠江口盆地东部新近系下中新统珠江组碳酸盐岩1483块常规及铸体薄片显微特征的观察、描述以及古生物特征和岩石学特征的研究,依据碳酸盐岩颗粒组分和结构构造等特点,将珠江组碳酸盐岩划分为8个主要微相类型,并根据灰岩颗粒类型及相对含量的多少,将其进一步细分为22个次一级的微相类型。根据这些微相类型在纵向上的组合特征与环境意义,可在珠江组碳酸盐岩中识别出碳酸盐岩缓坡、局限台地、开阔台地、台地边缘滩、台地边缘礁、台地前斜坡等6个沉积相带。这些沉积相的纵向演化规律揭示了东沙隆起在早中新世海平面上升过程中经历了由碳酸盐岩缓坡到台地的沉积演化历程。      

大同火山群地质及岩石学特征

大同火山群以盆地为对称轴分布,中更新世晚期火山位于盆地的轴部,中更新世早期火山位于盆地两侧。计算的延伸和断裂速率分别为0.43cm/a和0.22cm/a。大同火山群主要属于碱性橄榄玄武岩系列,中更新世早期火山的一部分属于拉斑系列,夏威夷岩是大同火山岩的一个主要类型.中更新世早期火山岩的氧化物变异趋势可能是受高压下Ol+Opx的分离作用控制.中更新世晚期火山岩氧化物变异趋势暗示了是受岩浆混合作用的控制。     

Raman spectroscopic study of K-lingunite at various pressures and temperatures

K-lingunite is a high-pressure modification of K-feldspar that possesses the tetragonal hollandite structure. Variations of the Raman spectra of K-lingunite were studied up to ~31.5 GPa at room temperature, and in the range 79–823 K at atmospheric pressure. The Raman frequencies of all bands were observed to increase with increasing pressure, and decrease with increasing temperature for K-lingunite. This behavior is in line with those observed for most of other materials. New sharp Raman bands appear at pressures greater than 13–15 GPa, suggesting a phase transition in K-lingunite with increasing pressure. The transition is reversible when pressure was released. The appearance of these new Raman bands may correspond to the phase transition revealed earlier at around 20 GPa by X-ray diffraction studies. Instead of transforming back to its stable minerals, such as orthoclase, microcline or sanidine, K-lingunite became amorphous in the temperature range 803–823 K at atmospheric pressure.     

TS50全站仪配合多测回测角软件在地铁基坑监测中的应用

TS50全站仪配合徕卡多测回测角软件能够自动瞄准、自动观测,具有高智能、高精度的特点,从而在地铁基坑监测领域得到广泛的应用.文章结合济南市轨道交通R1线前大彦站基坑监测项目实践,对测量方法、数据处理、监测效果等方面进行论述.实际应用表明:基于TS50全站仪的多测回测角软件能提供及时可靠的监测数据,科学指导基坑施工,保证...     

Optimal design of inerter systems for the force-transmission suppression of oscillating structures

When dealing with the oscillations of fixed-base structures or machine s induced by external forces,suppre ssing the vibrational impact on the adjacent structures and the environment helps to maintain the structural durability and ensure the users ’ comfort level.This study proposed an inerter-based optimal solution to suppress the vibrational forces and energy transmitted to the suppo rting ground by utilizing the great potential of the inerter.For the exte rnal fo rce,which contains various fr...     

地震滑坡高分辨率遥感影像识别

区域性地震滑坡信息获取目前主要通过遥感目视解译和计算机提取,存在主观性强、耗时费力、提取精度低等问题,导致难以满足灾后应急调查、灾情评估等方面的应用需求。采用资源三号、高分一号高分辨率遥感影像,以汶川震区为实验区,在地震滑坡灾害特征分析的基础上,通过多尺度最优分割方法构建多层次滑坡对象,融合光谱、纹理、几何等影像特征和地形特征信息建立多维滑坡识别规则集合,基于高分辨率影像认知模式与场景理解过程提出滑坡分层识别模型,从而实现地震滑坡空间分布及其滑源区、滑移区和堆积区的准确识别。实验区分析结果显示最低识别精度为81.89%,而滑坡的堆积区最容易被分辨,识别方法具有可推广性。研究成果可为灾后应急调查提供技术支撑,并促进国产高分辨率遥感卫星的地质灾害应用。