扰动重力数据精度对GPS/重力边值问题的影响研究

以GPS／重力边值问题为基本的数学模型，通过数值模拟方法，对不同精度的扰动重力数据对GPS／重力边值问题的影响厦误差量级进行了模拟和分析，得出了一些有意义的结论。     

Unsupervised Change Detection in Multitemporal SAR Images Using MRF Models

An unsupervised change-detection method that considers the spatial contextual information in a log-ratio difference image generated from multitemporal SAR images is proposed. A Markov random filed (MRF) model is particularly employed to exploit statistical spatial correlation of intensity levels among neighboring pixels. Under the assumption of the independency of pixels and mixed Gaussian distribution in the log-ratio difference image, a stochastic and iterative EM-MPM change-detection algorithm based on an MRF model is developed. The EM-MPM algorithm is based on a maximiser of posterior marginals (MPM) algorithm for image segmentation and an expectation-maximum (EM) algorithm for parameter estimation in a completely automatic way. The experiment results obtained on multitemporal ERS-2 SAR images show the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

海域沉积物蠕动地貌的研究现状与展望

沉积物蠕动是海底地层倾于发生破坏的前奏和指示,能够演变为大规模的海底滑坡,给海洋工程建设和人类生命安全带来巨大的威胁.目前发现的沉积物蠕动地貌主要发育在北半球,表现为槽脊相间的海底起伏.沉积物蠕动地貌的主要识别标志为槽脊形态的无规律变化与走向沿水深线延伸且槽脊内部发育剪切面等.地震活动、构造抬升、高沉积速率和地层压力、地层的含气性与水合物分解等均可导致沉积物蠕动地貌的形成.然而,在前人的研究过程中发现了诸多疑似沉积物蠕动地貌的起伏地形,证明或证伪这些起伏地形是否为沉积物蠕动地貌是目前研究的侧重点.沉积物蠕动的滑移变形速率、蠕动地层底界面及其与下伏构造的关系性、沉积物蠕动的形成过程和演变趋势等研究工作有助于进一步厘定沉积物蠕动地貌及其致灾等级,但这些工作还鲜有涉及.因此,后续沉积物蠕动地貌的研究应加强沉积物蠕动层底界面的刻画与表征,重视沉积物蠕动形成过程和演变趋势的数值模拟和物理模拟研究,为深入识别沉积物蠕动和评价其灾害等级提供重要的依据.     

藏东冻土区滑坡形变时序InSAR监测分析

受气候暖湿化和冻融作用的影响,近年来西藏东部地区的山体滑坡多发频发,对人民生命财产安全造成严重威胁,制约了当地经济社会发展,因此,迫切需要利用有效手段对滑坡灾害隐患开展大范围调查与早期识别。以藏东317国道矮拉山地区为例,利用小基线集时序InSAR（Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar）技术,分别对2017年3月—2019年7月期间Sentinel-1A SAR升、降轨数据集进行地表形变监测分析,获取了该地区滑坡体隐患的分布情况,并讨论了滑坡历史形变演化特征及成因。结果表明：大部分区域较为稳定,滑坡隐患主要集中在山谷两侧,升降轨InSAR提高了滑坡监测识别的准确性和覆盖度;冻融滑坡形变过程与降雨型滑坡存在差异,呈现平稳期和失稳期交替出现的季节性变化特征;形变过程主要受冻融和降雨影响,两者共同作用加速坡体变形。实验结果验证了InSAR技术能够有效弥补传统监测手段的不足,可在高山冻土区滑坡隐患早期识别与监测防治中发挥重要作用。     

鄂尔多斯盆地延长期湖泊热流体活动对烃源岩有机质丰度和类型的影响

选择鄂尔多斯盆地南部连续取岩心的YK1井延长组样品开展了系统的烃源岩评价、元素地球化学和孢粉相分析,探讨了延长期湖泊热流体活动对烃源岩有机质丰度和类型的影响。以碳质泥岩和油页岩为主的长7-3段发育优质烃源岩,灰黑色泥岩为主的长7-1+2段部分层段发育好的烃源岩,砂泥岩互层的长6段个别层位也可形成较好的烃源岩。热流体活动强度指标Al/(Al+Fe+Mn)和(Fe+Mn)/Ti比值指示,与上述3个烃源岩发育阶段相对应古湖泊经历了3幕明显的热水活动过程,其中长7-3期为热水活动的高峰。YK1井烃源岩可划分出3种孢粉相:孢粉相A分布于长8—长9段和长6-2+3段,主要出现Ⅲ型及少量Ⅱ型有机质,有机碎屑以半透明木质和凝胶化颗粒为主;孢粉相B分布于长7-3段,主要为Ⅰ型和Ⅱ₁型有机质,以高丰度藻类体和无定形体有机质为特征;孢粉相C分布于长7-1+2段,主要为Ⅱ型有机质,丰富的无定形体和植物碎屑同时出现。烃源岩总有机碳含量、有机质类型以及主要生烃组分含量均与热水活动强度表现出很好的耦合关系,表明热流体活动可能导致湖泊藻类和浮游生物的繁盛,使烃源岩有机质丰度和质量得到明显提高。热水活动高峰长7-3期发生了藻类勃发和优质烃源岩的沉积。     

Influence of three-dimensional roughness of rock fracture on seepage characteristics based on the digital image technology

Digital image processing technology can objectively reflect the surface roughness of coal and rock mass fractures and turn physical properties such as fluctuation height to physical data of the rock fracture surface to be used for numerical analyses; thus, it can effectively be applied to the seepage flow analysis of rock fractures. First, clear digital images of the fracture surface height are obtained under the same camera conditions, and then characteristic function values specific to various structure are normalized. Subsequently, the fluctuation height distribution of the rock surface is restored according to the measured fluctuation heights of local points. Finally, according to the surface fluctuation of fractures, invasive restructuring is carried out for three-dimensional fractures in the same coordinate system. Obtained physical parameters on the three-dimensional fractures of the rock are inputted into the COMSOL Multiphysics software to obtain the characteristic three-dimensional model of the rock fracture surface. The numerical analysis results are compared with experimental data on fracture seepage obtained from a seepage coupling true triaxial test system, and the relevance between the simulated result and the physical experiment is higher than 90%, which confirms that the integration of the digital image technology and the numerical analysis method can effectively simulate seepage in rough fractures. The hydraulic gradient of rough fractures and seepage velocity are also consistent with Forchheimer flow characteristics.     

Physicochemical effects on sulfite transformation in a lipid-rich Chlorella sp. strain

SO2 is very rapidly hydrated to sulfurous acid in water solution at pH value above 6.0,whereby sulfite is yielded from the disassociation of protons.We aimed to improve the sulfite transformation efficiency and provide a basis for the direct utilization of SO2 from flue gas by a microalgal suspension.Chlorella sp.XQ-20044 was cultured in a medium with 20 mmol/L sodium sulfite under different physicochemical conditions.Under light conditions,sulfite concentration in the algal suspension reduced linearly over time,and was completely converted into sulfate within 8 h.The highest sulfite transformation rate(3.25 mmol/(L·h)) was obtained under the following conditions:35°C,light intensity of 300μmol/(m2·s),NaHCO3 concentration of 6 g/L,initial cell density(OD540) of 0.8 and pH of 9-10.There was a positive correlation between sulfite transformation rate and the growth of Chlorella,with the conditions favorable to algal growth giving better sulfite transformation.Although oxygen in the air plays a role in the transformation of SO2-3 to SO2-4,the transformation is mainly dependent on the metabolic activity of algal cells.Chlorella sp.XQ-20044 is capable of tolerating high sulfite concentration,and can utilize sulfite as the sole sulfur source for maintaining healthy growth.We found that sulfite 20 mmol/L had no obvious effect on the total lipid content and fatty acid profiles of the algae.Thus,the results suggest it is feasible to use flue gas for the mass production of feedstock for biodiesel using Chlorella sp.XQ-20044,without preliminary removal of SO2,assuming there is adequate control of the pH.     

Processes of the displacement field change of the 2009 April 6 M_W6.3 L’Aquila earthquake using persistent scatterer and small baseline methods

Using a time series method that combines both the persistent scatterer and small baseline approaches, we analyzed 9 scenes Envisat ASAR data over the L＇Aquila earthquake, and obtained a Shocke＇s displacement field and its evolution processes. The results show that： （1） Envisat ASAR clearly detected the whole processes of displacement field of the L＇Aquila earthquake, and distinct variations at different stages of the displacement field. （2） Preseismic creep displacement → displacement mutation when faulting → constantly slowed down after the earthquake. （3） The area of the strongest deformation and ground rupture was a low-lying oval depression region to the southeast. Surface faulting within a zone of about 22 km× 14 km, with an orientation of 135°, occurred along the NW-striking and SW-dipping Paganica-S. Demetrio normal fault. （4） In analyzing an area of about 54 km x 59 km, bounded by north-south axis to the epicenter, the displacement field has significant characteristics of a watershed： westward of the epicenter shows uplift with maximum of 130 mm in line-of-sight （LOS）, and east of the epicenter was a region with 220 mm of maximum subsidence in the LOS, concentrating on the rupture zone, the majority of which formed in the course of faulting and subsequence.     

AUV移动探测下基于U-Net网络的本体噪声去除

在基于移动 AUV(自主水下机器人)平台的水下机动目标探测场景中,由于拖曳能力和探测孔径的限制,目标噪声极易淹没在本体噪声中。而且,本体噪声与目标噪声具有非常相似的频谱特性和倍频关系,进一步加重了目标噪声分析的难度。为降低本体噪声的影响、提高目标噪声的信噪比,开展了基于 U-Net 深度网络的水下混合噪声信号分离算法研究。通过仿真模型测试了算法在不同转速差、桨叶数差以及目标噪声信噪比条件下去除本体噪声的性能。实验结果初步表明：在目标信号信噪比不低于–10 dB 的条件下,算法可以对本体噪声进行有效去除。