The relationship between fat content and biological parameters of bigeye tuna (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Thunnus obseus</Emphasis>) in the Western Central Indian Ocean

Comparing fat content with physiological status can throw light on the reproduction and feeding behavior of the fish. The biological data of 586 bigeye tuna were collected from the longline fishery in the waters of Western Central Indian Ocean from November, 2012 to March, 2013. The spatial or temporal distribution of the fat content, and the relationships of fat content with gender, round weight, gonadal maturity and fork length were analyzed. A generalized additive model (GAM) was used to analyze the relationships between fat content and fork length (FL), gonadosomatic index (GSI), condition factor (K), and somatic index (SI). Results showed that: 1) the fat content of bigeye tuna was in the range of 3.1%–27.1% with the average 12.8%; 2) there were no significant geographical differences of average fat content (P > 0.05) among 1° squares in general; 3) there were no significant differences (P > 0.05) of the fat content for different genders, months, or gonad maturity stages; 4) there was an extremely significant correlation (P = 0.000) between fat content and FL and GSI. There was no significant correlation (P = 0.051) between fat content and K. There was a significant correlation (P = 0.003) between fat content and SI. The results of this study suggest that the fat content of the matured fish was relatively stable. The survey area was in a spawning region, and the survey period was the spawning season for bigeye tuna.     

中国黄海海域的构造演化

燕山运动以来,华北东部地区发生了翻天覆地之构造转变,构造体制从印支期末的华北地块与扬子地块的拼贴－增生,转变为地幔热柱演化－区域伸展断陷,地形地貌上亦从东部的高原转变为华北东部盆－山耦合格局。     

Changes in Frequency of Electromagnetic Radiation from Loaded Coal Rock

To understand the relationship between the frequency of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) emitted from loaded coal rock and the micro-crack structures inside it, and assess the stress state and the stability of coal rock by analyzing frequency changes in characteristics of its emitted EMR, we first experimentally studied the changes in time sequence and the frequency spectrum characteristics of EMR during uniaxial compression, then theoretically derived the relationship between the principal frequency of EMR signals and the mechanical parameters of coal crack and analyzed the major factors causing the changes in the principal frequency, and lastly verified the results at Nuodong Coal Mine, Guizhou Province, China. The experimental results showed that (1) EMR intensity increased with the applied stress on loaded coal rock during its deformation and failure and could qualitatively reflect the coal’s stress status; (2) with the applied stress increasing, the principal frequency gradually increased from near zero to about 60 kHz and then dropped to less than 20 kHz. During this period, coal rock first stepped into the linearly and elastically deformed stage and then ruptured around the peak load. Theoretical analysis showed that there was a negative correlation between the principle frequency and the size of internal cracks. Field detection showed that a lower principle frequency was generated from coal rock applied by a greater load, while a higher principal frequency was generated from coal rocks suffering a weaker load.     

运用特征点的矢量空间数据盲水印算法

针对矢量空间数据水印攻击的特点,该文提出了基于特征点的矢量空间数据盲水印算法。在水印嵌入前,应用道格拉斯-普克方法,提取矢量数据特征点;对特征点进行离散傅里叶变换,将水印通过量化的方法嵌入离散傅里叶变换后的幅度系数和相位系数中;水印被多次嵌入,实现了水印的盲提取。试验结果表明,该方法引起的空间数据误差很小,同时对旋转、平移、要素排序、数据格式转换、裁剪、压缩、增删点等攻击具有较好的鲁棒性。     

Influence of three-dimensional roughness of rock fracture on seepage characteristics based on the digital image technology

Digital image processing technology can objectively reflect the surface roughness of coal and rock mass fractures and turn physical properties such as fluctuation height to physical data of the rock fracture surface to be used for numerical analyses; thus, it can effectively be applied to the seepage flow analysis of rock fractures. First, clear digital images of the fracture surface height are obtained under the same camera conditions, and then characteristic function values specific to various structure are normalized. Subsequently, the fluctuation height distribution of the rock surface is restored according to the measured fluctuation heights of local points. Finally, according to the surface fluctuation of fractures, invasive restructuring is carried out for three-dimensional fractures in the same coordinate system. Obtained physical parameters on the three-dimensional fractures of the rock are inputted into the COMSOL Multiphysics software to obtain the characteristic three-dimensional model of the rock fracture surface. The numerical analysis results are compared with experimental data on fracture seepage obtained from a seepage coupling true triaxial test system, and the relevance between the simulated result and the physical experiment is higher than 90%, which confirms that the integration of the digital image technology and the numerical analysis method can effectively simulate seepage in rough fractures. The hydraulic gradient of rough fractures and seepage velocity are also consistent with Forchheimer flow characteristics.     

移动激光扫描技术下的隧道横断面提取及变形分析

移动激光扫描技术具有获取数据速度快、点密度大、精度高、无需拼站等优点,本文利用该技术获取的点云数据对隧道形变检测方法进行了研究和应用。首先,结合边界检测算法和随机抽样一致性算法计算隧道的空间中轴线,在此过程中省去了传统方法中对大量点云进行旋转的过程。其次,采用k近邻法计算各断面的缓冲区对点云进行分块,并利用投影法构建断面点集,提高了断面点集获取的速度。最后,提出了一种迭代椭圆拟合去噪的方法,在拟合出断面线的同时去除了噪声。最终通过与全站仪获取的断面数据进行对比验证了该方法的精度并将其应用在某段圆形盾构隧道上,采用隧道检测小车获取点云数据,每隔2 m截取一个断面,然后通过与理论断面的对比分析了隧道的形变情况。     

藏东冻土区滑坡形变时序InSAR监测分析

受气候暖湿化和冻融作用的影响,近年来西藏东部地区的山体滑坡多发频发,对人民生命财产安全造成严重威胁,制约了当地经济社会发展,因此,迫切需要利用有效手段对滑坡灾害隐患开展大范围调查与早期识别。以藏东317国道矮拉山地区为例,利用小基线集时序InSAR（Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar）技术,分别对2017年3月—2019年7月期间Sentinel-1A SAR升、降轨数据集进行地表形变监测分析,获取了该地区滑坡体隐患的分布情况,并讨论了滑坡历史形变演化特征及成因。结果表明：大部分区域较为稳定,滑坡隐患主要集中在山谷两侧,升降轨InSAR提高了滑坡监测识别的准确性和覆盖度;冻融滑坡形变过程与降雨型滑坡存在差异,呈现平稳期和失稳期交替出现的季节性变化特征;形变过程主要受冻融和降雨影响,两者共同作用加速坡体变形。实验结果验证了InSAR技术能够有效弥补传统监测手段的不足,可在高山冻土区滑坡隐患早期识别与监测防治中发挥重要作用。     

鄂尔多斯盆地延长期湖泊热流体活动对烃源岩有机质丰度和类型的影响

选择鄂尔多斯盆地南部连续取岩心的YK1井延长组样品开展了系统的烃源岩评价、元素地球化学和孢粉相分析,探讨了延长期湖泊热流体活动对烃源岩有机质丰度和类型的影响。以碳质泥岩和油页岩为主的长7-3段发育优质烃源岩,灰黑色泥岩为主的长7-1+2段部分层段发育好的烃源岩,砂泥岩互层的长6段个别层位也可形成较好的烃源岩。热流体活动强度指标Al/(Al+Fe+Mn)和(Fe+Mn)/Ti比值指示,与上述3个烃源岩发育阶段相对应古湖泊经历了3幕明显的热水活动过程,其中长7-3期为热水活动的高峰。YK1井烃源岩可划分出3种孢粉相:孢粉相A分布于长8—长9段和长6-2+3段,主要出现Ⅲ型及少量Ⅱ型有机质,有机碎屑以半透明木质和凝胶化颗粒为主;孢粉相B分布于长7-3段,主要为Ⅰ型和Ⅱ₁型有机质,以高丰度藻类体和无定形体有机质为特征;孢粉相C分布于长7-1+2段,主要为Ⅱ型有机质,丰富的无定形体和植物碎屑同时出现。烃源岩总有机碳含量、有机质类型以及主要生烃组分含量均与热水活动强度表现出很好的耦合关系,表明热流体活动可能导致湖泊藻类和浮游生物的繁盛,使烃源岩有机质丰度和质量得到明显提高。热水活动高峰长7-3期发生了藻类勃发和优质烃源岩的沉积。