线性层结盐水中的羽流运动特性

采用线性层结盐水发生装置以及喷嘴向下以重盐水注入盐水层结的方法,模拟线性层结盐水中羽流的发展过程;应用时间分辨粒子图像测速技术（PIV）,研究线性层结盐水中羽流内部流场结构。羽流的发展过程可以定性地归纳为3个阶段:入射阶段、中性浮力层出现阶段和中性浮力层稳定阶段。实验结果显示:羽流流速从中心区域向边缘逐步递减;羽流在下沉到最大深度后回升到中性浮力层,并向四周扩散;在羽流内部及边界存在大量复杂的涡旋结构,说明在羽流发展的过程中,始终伴随着羽流与周围环境水体之间的掺混作用。重新拟合确定了羽流最大穿透距离公式中的量纲一常数C,取值为4.03。     

Detection of urbanization signals in extreme winter minimum temperature changes over Northern China

Although previous studies show that urbanization contributes to less than 10 % of the long-term regional total warming trend of mean surface air temperature in northeast China (Li et al. 2010), the urban heat island (UHI) impact on extreme temperatures could be more significant. This paper examines the urbanization impact on extreme winter minimum temperatures from 33 stations in North China during the period of 1957–2010. We use the Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) distribution to analyze the distribution of extreme minimum temperatures and the long-term variations of the three distributional characteristics parameters. Results suggest that among the three distribution parameters, the position parameter is the most representative in terms of the long-term extreme minimum temperature change. A new classification method based on the intercommunity (factors analysis method) of the temperature change is developed to detect the urbanization effect on winter extreme minimum temperatures in different cities. During the period of rapid urbanization (after 1980), the magnitude of variations of the three distribution parameters for the urban station group is larger than that for the reference station group, indicating a higher chance of occurrence of warmer weather and a larger fluctuation of temperatures. Among different types of cities, the three parameters of extreme minimum temperature distribution of the urban station group are, without exception, higher than those of the reference station group. The urbanization of different types of cities all show a warming effect, with small-size cities have the most evident effects on extreme minimum temperatures.     

山东降水回波移动特征分析

利用济南新一代多普勒雷达在4年之间获取的217个观测资料,分析了回波的移动特征。主要结果为：（1）计算了回波移动速度、方向,结果表明回波移动速度在10.0~95.0 km·h-1之间,峰值在45.0~50.0 km·h-1,不同月份回波移动速度存在差别,春末（5月）、秋初（9月）回波具有较大的移动速度;回波移动方向在120°~360°之间,其中80.6%集中在210°~315°之间,回波移向比较集中在西南、西和西北方向。（2）降水过程回波的运动特征可以概括为四种形式：简单直线型、复合直线型、复杂移动型和其他类型,各种类型占的比例分别为69.6%、19.4%、25.2%和4.7%。这些研究可以为人工影响天气方案的设计和临近预报服务提供参考依据。     

地质大数据轻量化集成展示与专题应用

地质大数据是智慧地矿工程建设的基础。长期以来地质工作形成了海量多源异构数据,有效地将地质大数据进行整合、集成并加以应用,已成为智慧地矿工程建设的关键环节。本文分别对地质大数据集成面临的主要问题与解决思路,大数据集成平台的设计及项目应用等方面展开阐述。构建了多维动态可视化平台,在Web页面绘制了虚拟仿真地理场景并叠加了丰富的地理空间数据,对多维数据进行了可视化展示,采用B/S架构实现了无插件、轻量级的Web可视化页面展示,并实现了场景展示、地理数据处理、三维分析等功能。     

浙江安吉多金属矿区坞山关杂岩体锆石LA ICP MS U Pb年龄、地球化学特征及地质意义

安吉港口多金属矿床在成因上与坞山关杂岩体密切相关,该杂岩体包括黑云母二长花岗岩、钾长花岗岩、花岗闪长岩和细粒花岗岩。本文采用岩相学、CL和LA-ICP-MS等方法对前三套岩石单元中的锆石进行了成因矿物学、微区微量元素和U-Pb年代学特征等相关研究。年代学结果显示,杂岩体大致形成于晚侏罗世—早白垩世,按前述排列顺序,三岩石单元成岩年龄分别为141.0±1.4Ma(n=13,MSWD=1.3),138.1±1.0Ma(n=14,MSWD=0.92)和137.0±1.8Ma(n=13,MSWD=1.9)。研究过程中发现的年龄为518±9Ma和624±9Ma的继承锆石,暗示杂岩体成岩过程中有晋宁晚期和加里东早期古老地壳物质的熔融或同化混染。锆石Ti温度记显示,杂岩体中黑云母二长花岗岩、花岗闪长岩锆石结晶温度基本一致,均值分别为657℃和653℃,钾长花岗岩锆石结晶温度略高,均值为698℃。区域构造环境、岩体被动侵位、构造张性和张剪性特征表明,矿区在约141～137Ma前后已处于拉张—伸展构造背景之下,杂岩体及其相关成矿作用受该环境控制。本次研究及野外调研结果表明,杂岩体与矿区多金属矿床具有密切的时空关系。浙江淳安铜山锡矿、安吉多金属矿床成岩成矿数据表明,钦—杭成矿带东段在晚侏罗世—白垩世约148～134Ma还存在一期成岩成矿作用。     

Geochemistry and SHRIMP Zircon U-Pb Age of Post-Collisional Granites in the Southwest Tianshan Orogenic Belt of China: Examples from the Heiyingshan and Laohutai Plutons

The Heiyingshan granite and the Laohutai granite plutons exposed in the Southwest Tianshan resemble A-type granites geochemically. Analysis shows that the both are ferron calc-alkalic peraluminous or ferron alkali-calcic peraluminous with a relatively high concentration of SiO2 （〉70%）, high alkali contents （Na20 ＋ K20 = 7.14%-8.56%; K20〉N20; A/CNK = 0.99-1.20）, and pronounced negative anomales in Eu, Ba, St, P and Ti. A SHRIMP zircon U-Pb age of 285±4 Ma was obtained for the Heiyingshan hornblende biotite granite intrusion. The geochemical and age dating data reported in this paper indicate that these granites were formed during the post-collisional crustal extension of the Southwest Tianshan orogenic belt, in agreement with the published data for the granites in the South Tianshan.     

系统动力学方法在喀斯特地区人口环境容量研究中的应用—— 以贵州省紫云县为例

以贵州省紫云县为例,首次运用系统动力学方法建立了喀斯特地区人口环境容量的系统动力学模型。模型包括粮食生产、烤烟生产、经济作物生产、牧业、林业和人口6个子系统。分析了所建模型的结构,对模型进行了仿真模拟,并针对模拟结果提出了政策建议。本研究模型可以为当地制定人口政策和移民方案提供科学依据。      

Height datum unification between Shenzhen and Hong Kong using the solution of the linearized fixed-gravimetric boundary value problem

The paper proposes a new algorithm to unify height datums in different regions, which is based on the solution of the linearized fixed-gravimetric boundary value problem. Compared with traditional methods, this method uses GPS ellipsoidal height and gravity disturbances on the surface of the earth to obtain a quasigeoid, which is not related to any local vertical datums. As an example, we calculate the height datum difference between Shenzhen and Hong Kong by applying this new method. The result shows that the height difference obtained by this new method is consistent with the ground leveling result to a few centimeters.     

山东平邑盆地PYZK01钻孔白垩系—古近系界线附近生物地层及磁性地层特征研究

在白垩纪与古近纪之交,全球发生了以恐龙集群灭绝和哺乳动物兴起为代表的重大事件,白垩系与古近系界线(Cretaceous—Paleogene boundary,KPB)研究成为热点。虽然近年来KPB研究取得了重要进展,但许多非海相地层领域的重要问题并未得到解决,因此建立非海相白垩系—古近系界线层型很有必要。山东平邑盆地的卞桥组为一套连续的湖相碳酸岩沉积,在前人大量研究基础上认为其是进行非海相KPB研究的理想地层单元之一。本文通过对平邑卞桥镇佟家庄北PYZK01钻孔的生物地层研究,获得了丰富的古生物化石,根据其分布特征建立了1个Porochara anluensis—Chara yuntaishanensis var.acuta—Turbochara specialis轮藻化石组合,1个Deltoidospora adriensis—Rugubivesiculites—Schizaeoisporites孢粉化石组合,认为该钻孔0～12.25 m地层时代为古近纪,37.80～60.00 m地层时代为晚白垩世最晚期。12.25～37.80 m地层时代为晚白垩世—古近纪过渡段,白垩系—古近系界线存在于该段。通过磁性地层研究,确立了8个正极性带和7个反极性带,建立了钻孔磁极性序列,并提出了与国际标准的磁极性年代柱的对比方案。同时,经过探讨初步认为PYZK01钻孔中的白垩纪/古近纪界线位于孔深31.98 m处的卞桥组一段内。关键字:     

山东省栖霞地区金矿稳定同位素特征及其地质意义

本文研究了栖霞地区金矿床的硫、氧、铅等稳定同位素组成特征，指出区内金矿的成矿物质主要来源于胶东群地层，成矿热液是以变质热液为主、有岩浆热液和大气降水参与的混合热液；成矿温度在１６０℃—３０５℃范围内，属中低温热液矿床。金矿床的铅—铅模式年龄为８００．１—１２００．８８Ｍａ。