中国特大城市空间形态变化的时空特征

基于国家资源环境数据库动态土地利用数据, 借助GIS软件支持, 分别计算了1990年和2000年中国31个特大城市平面轮廓形状的分维、紧凑度和形状指数以及城市的用地扩展类型。结果表明, 从1990年到2000年, 中国31个特大城市空间形态的总体变化趋势是, 城市用地空间扩展类型以填充类型为主, 外延类型相对较少且主要发生在发展限制较小的平原地区。总体上, 分维呈减少趋势且南方城市大于北方城市, 形状指数有减少, 城市空间形状有紧凑化趋势。综观1990年和2000年中国31个城市的分维、紧凑度和形状指数的数据, 可以看出广州、南昌、济南、成都、北京和上海等城市形状变化比较大, 而兰州、太原和唐山等城市形状变化很小。若用地扩展为填充类型, 则分维减少, 紧凑性增加, 形状指数减少;相反, 若用地扩展为外延类型, 分维增加, 紧凑性降低, 形状指数增加。     

基于ArcGIS的高程值自动修复方法的探讨

结合实际的数据生产,通过对ArcGIS格式地形图高程点高程值的修复方法的讨论,借助ESRI二次开发组件ArcObject所提供的空间分析和数据操作接口和函数,采用C#语言实现了对于ArcGIS格式入库数据的高程点高程值的自动检查和修改,并在此基础上提出了高程值修复的改进算法。     

GPS/CORS精密区域地表位移动态监测技术研究

提出一种同时适用于中等距离和短距离范围的GPS/CORS准实时动态监测技术,并详细论述该技术实现厘米级甚至毫米级动态监测的算法模型和实现方法.基于GDCORS数据进行了准实时地表形变位移动态监测的试验,监测结果不仅验证了上述动态定位模型的正确性,也为基于GPS/CORS监测技术对省级区域地质灾害进行连续高时空分辨率监测的应用提供了参考.     

水系沉积物测量发现新疆乌恰县吾合沙鲁中型铜矿

正1研究目的(Objective)新疆乌恰县吾合沙鲁地区位于塔里木盆地西缘,区域上发育重要的砂砾岩型铜铅锌-天青石-铀-煤成矿系统,已分布有乌拉根超大型砂砾岩型铅锌矿、萨热克大型砂砾岩型铜矿、萨哈尔铜矿、花园铜矿、杨叶铜矿、杨树沟铜矿、吾东—伊日库勒铜矿等典型矿床,具有十分独特的砂砾岩型铜铅锌矿     

青藏高原中部典型下垫面活动层水热动态及其热扩散率研究

多年冻土活动层, 尤其是浅层土壤的水热传输机制, 以及冻融过程的时空异质性是研究地-气间能水交换的关键。利用位于青藏高原中部的唐古拉和通天河两个活动层观测场2013年的土壤温度和水分数据, 比较了不同下垫面浅层土壤日冻融循环过程的差异, 以及不同冻融阶段的地温日变化及热扩散率特征。结果表明： 根据一日之内地温的正负波动, 浅层土壤的冻融过程可以划分为解冻期、 完全融化期、 始冻期和完全冻结期四个时期, 其中解冻期和始冻期统称为日冻融循环发生期。解冻期的持续天数和深度明显高于始冻期, 高寒草原的日冻融循环天数和发生深度明显高于高寒草甸。浅层土壤（0 ~ 20 cm）日地温变化普遍呈现明显的正弦波动趋势, 且不同冻融阶段的振幅差异较大, 由于相变的缘故, 解冻期的日地温变化振幅最小。高寒草甸的日地温振幅显著低于高寒草原, 说明日地温动态与土壤质地和土壤水分密切相关, 植被作为热绝缘层, 减弱了地温对气温波动的响应。地表下5 ~ 10 cm的热扩散率显著大于10 ~ 20 cm深度, 且5 - 10月融化季的热扩散率显著大于冻结季。热传导对流方程可以描述多年冻土区典型下垫面在季节冻融循环周期内不同月份的水分迁移方向。     

玉米净作和间作植株间光强的时空分布(英文)

作物多样性种植能够有效减少病虫危害,显著增加产量,但其中的机理尚不清楚。太阳辐射是最重要的影响因子之一。本试验研究了玉米净作(A)及玉米/大豆2:2(B,2行玉米2行大豆)和2:4(C,2行玉米4行大豆)两种间作模式下,玉米冠层内太阳辐射强度的时空变化。研究结果表明,多样性种植可在不同高度上对玉米植株间的受光强度和受光时间产生明显影响。在玉米穗期,相比净作,在30cm高度上,B和C模式下光强都超过了2倍,在70cm高度上,光强超过10倍。花粒期,在110、160和210cm位置上,相比净作,B和C模式下光强分别提高了5倍、2倍和12%,而且随着测量高度的下降,间作模式下光强下降较为缓慢。从第7–18叶,相比净作,各叶位间作模式下光强平均增加2倍,而且日有效辐射时间平均提高了5小时。此外,玉米的一些生物学性状,如千粒重、每株产量和穗位叶叶面积等也表现出间作B和C模式都显著高于净作。因此,间作提高了玉米的受光强度和有效辐射时间,是改善玉米生物学性状的重要因子。     

Modeling the hook depth distribution of pelagic longlining in the equatorial area of Indian Ocean

A survey was conducted in the equatorial area of Indian Ocean for a better understanding of the dynamics of hook depth distribution of pelagic longline fishery.We determined the relationship between hook depth and vertical shear of current coefficiency,wind speed,hook position code,sine of wind angle,sine of angle of attack and weight of messenger weight.We identified the hook depth models by the analysis of covariance with a general linear model.The results showed that the wind effect on the hook depth can be ignored from October to November in the survey area;the surface current effect on the hook depth can be ignored;the equatorial undercurrent is the key factor for the hook depth in Indian Ocean;and there is a negative correlation between the hook depth and vertical shear of current and angle of attack.It was also found that the deeper the hook was set,the higher hook depth shoaling was.The proposed model improves the accuracy of the prediction of hook depth,which can be used to estimate the vertical distribution of pelagic fish in water column.     

Structural geology and tectonics in marine science: Perspectives in the research of deep sea and deep interior

The fields of structural geology and tectonics have witnessed great progress over the last decade and are poised for further expansion in the future. One of the significant breakthroughs is the establishment of the ’Beyond Plate Tectonics Theory’ where a combination of conceptual models and numerical modeling on plume tectonics and plate tectonics has enabled new insights into the structural and tectonic architecture and processes in the deep interior and deep sea. This paper synthesizes developments of structural geology and tectonics from a macroscopic perspective in deep interior and deep sea. Four key techniques are also reviewed: satellite altimetry for surface structures in deep-sea multi-beam sea-floor mapping; tomography for tectonics of the deep interior; diverse modeling approaches and software for unfolding dynamic evolution; and techniques for HT/HP experiments on material rheology and in situ component measurements.     

山东平邑盆地晚白垩世-古新世生物地层及白垩系/古近系界线研究

在白垩纪与古近纪之交,全球发生了恐龙等生物大灭绝和哺乳动物兴起的重大事件,白垩系与古近系界线（KPB）研究受到了高度关注。为了寻找更好更连续更典型的非海相KPB剖面,提高非海相KPB研究程度,笔者在平邑盆地开展了大量的地质调查、剖面测量、科学钻探和系统的样品采集、测试分析等工作,遴选出了国内少有的具有KPB的碳酸盐岩湖相沉积的典型剖面。通过对大量古生物化石的分析鉴定,在卞桥组一段下亚段建立了1个轮藻组合： Festiella anluensi- Microchara cristata- Chara yuntaishanensis var acuta ;1个介形类组合： Talicypridea reticulata- Mongolocypris distributa- - Ziziphocypris simakovi- Frambocythere tumiensis ferreri ;1个孢粉组合： Ulmipollenites + Ulmoideipites- Rugubivesiculites- Schizaeoisporites 。在卞桥组一段上亚段建立了1个轮藻组合： Peckichara zhijiangensis- Gyrogona wubaoensis- Stephanochara huangjianensis- Peckichara varians ;1个介形类组合： Paracandona euplectella- Sinodarwinula guangzhuangensis- Cypridea cellularia ;1个孢粉组合： Deltoidospora- Ephedripites- Parcisporites parvisaccus- Ulmipollenites minor 。根据化石组合特征将白垩系与古近系的界线确定在卞桥组一段内部。通过本次研究,理清了平邑盆地晚白垩世—古新世的生物组合,对研究KPB附近的生物群演化规律,恢复平邑盆地古气候、古地理、古生态以及碳酸盐湖盆的演化规律等具有非常重要的意义。     

Processes of the displacement field change of the 2009 April 6 M W6.3 L’Aquila earthquake using persistent scatterer and small baseline methods

Using a time series method that combines both the persistent scatterer and small baseline approaches, we analyzed 9 scenes Envisat ASAR data over the L’Aquila earthquake, and obtained a Shocke’s displacement field and its evolution processes. The results show that: (1) Envisat ASAR clearly detected the whole processes of displacement field of the L’Aquila earthquake, and distinct variations at different stages of the displacement field. (2) Pre-seismic creep displacement → displacement mutation when faulting → constantly slowed down after the earthquake. (3) The area of the strongest deformation and ground rupture was a low-lying oval depression region to the southeast. Surface faulting within a zone of about 22 km × 14 km, with an orientation of 135°, occurred along the NW-striking and SW-dipping Paganica-S. Demetrio normal fault. (4) In analyzing an area of about 54 km × 59 km, bounded by north–south axis to the epicenter, the displacement field has significant characteristics of a watershed: westward of the epicenter shows uplift with maximum of 130 mm in line-of-sight (LOS), and east of the epicenter was a region with 220 mm of maximum subsidence in the LOS, concentrating on the rupture zone, the majority of which formed in the course of faulting and subsequence.