Using SAR Images to Detect Ships From Sea Clutter

An innovative constant false alarm rate (CFAR) algorithm was studied for ship detection using synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images of the sea. Two advances were achieved. An alpha-stable distribution rather than a traditional Weibull or -distribution was used to model the distribution of sea clutter. The distribution of sea clutter in a SAR image was typically heterogeneous, caused mainly by variable wind and current conditions. Image segmentation was carried out to improve the homogeneity of the distribution in each subimage or region. In comparison with ship detection using the CFAR algorithms based on the Weibull or K -distribution, our algorithm detected the most number of ships with the smallest number of false alarms.     

Modeling the spatio-temporal changes in land uses and its impacts on ecosystem services in Northeast China over 2000–2050

Land use and its dynamics have attracted considerable scientific attention for their significant ecological and socioeconomic implications. Many studies have investigated the past changes in land use, but efforts exploring the potential changes in land use and implications under future scenarios are still lacking. Here we simulate the future land use changes and their impacts on ecosystem services in Northeast China (NEC) over the period of 2000–2050 using the CLUE–S (Conversion of Land Use and its Effects at Small regional extent) model under the scenarios of ecological security (ESS), food security (FSS) and comprehensive development (CDS). The model was validated against remote sensing data in 2005. Overall, the accuracy of the CLUE–S model was evaluated at 82.5%. Obtained results show that future cropland changes mainly occur in the Songnen Plain and the Liaohe Plain, forest and grassland changes are concentrated in the southern Lesser Khingan Mountains and the western Changbai Mountains, while the Sanjiang Plain will witness major changes of the wetlands. Our results also show that even though CDS is defined based on the goals of the regional development plan, the ecological service value (ESV) under CDS is RMB 2656.18 billion in 2050. The ESV of CDS is lower compared with the other scenarios. Thus, CDS is not an optimum scenario for eco-environmental protection, especially for the wetlands, which should be given higher priority for future development. The issue of coordination is also critical in future development. The results can help to assist structural adjustments for agriculture and to guide policy interventions in NEC.     

管理技术的新概念--ERP系统

在当代信息技术的基础上 ,ERP系统的出现 ,已倍受各界关注。它是在 MRP、 MRP 基础上发展起来的。 ERP具有先进的管理思想和方法 ,它的核心思想就是体制创新、技术创新和管理创新。ERP系统可为科研、生产、应用等各行各业提供有效的服务。特别是对企业及职能管理部门 ,可实现对物资采购、生产、销售、物流等环节 ,以及生产设备、资金、人力等企业内部资源进行有效控制和管理 ,从而提高综合效益。本文就 ERP系统的基本概念予以介绍 ,愿供同行交流参考     

印度洋中西部大眼金枪鱼资源生物学的初步研究

根据2003~2004年1~6月份印度洋海域金枪鱼延绳钓生产实践及调查,对所捕获的大眼金枪鱼群体的构成、性比和胃含物等基本生物学特征进行了初步探讨及简单比较。结果表明,渔获中大眼金枪鱼体重范围为7~136kg(2003年)及14~100kg(2004年)。2003年,雌性个体所占比例基本上维持在0.45左右;2004年,雌性个体所占比例较2003年大。2003~2004年渔获中大眼金枪鱼分别由叉长69~201cm及55~190cm的个体组成。2003年及2004年各月份1级所占比较均较大,1级以后胃饱满度频次基本上呈下降趋势。3~6月为印度洋中修补大眼金枪鱼的产卵期。体长-体重关系为W=3×10-5L2.8838。     

The concentration of total dissolved CO2 in surface water in ENSO event——The results of investigation during TOGA expeditions

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Relationship Between the Spatiotemporal Distribution of Dominant Small Pelagic Fishes and Environmental Factors in Mauritanian Waters

The relationship between the spatiotemporal distribution of three dominant small pelagic fishes,including chub mackerel(Scomber japonicus),horse mackerel(Trachurus trecae)and round sardinella(Sardinella aurita),and the environmental factors in Mauritanian waters were analyzed by using 4 years of logbook data of commercial purse seine fisheries to improve the efficiency of fishery and management of sustainable exploitation.A Tweedie-generalized additive model(GAM)of 8-day average catches and the monthly geostatistical analysis of daily catches were used in this study to analyze the influence of environmental factors on catch per unit of effort(CPUEs)and to map the spatial distribution of three mixed dominant small pelagic fishes,respectively.A 10'×10' grid was used,and environmental factors were processed from remote sensing,including 8-day average sea surface temperature(SST),the nearest distance between SST fronts and CPUE position(Df),chlorophyll-a(Chl-a)concentration,salinity,and eddy kinetic energy.Results showed that 1)the distribution of three dominant small pelagic fishes might be related to the intensity of upwelling in Mauritanian waters;2)oceanic fronts might play a key role in the ecology of chub mackerel,horse mackerel,and round sardinella;3)Chl-a concentration might be associated with the feeding grounds of chub mackerel;4)the target species distribution appeared sensitive to gradient changes in the amount of salinity;5)three zones(northern,central,and southern)with variable abundances were delineated;and 6)a high concentration of the center of gravity in the central zone might be related to the strong upwelling of nutrient-rich waters.This study can provide new insights to enhance the fishery efficiency and sustainable exploitation management of purse seiners in certain area off Mauritania.     

基于GRA和TOPSIS模型的都市郊区乡村景观多功能定位

乡村景观功能具有明显的时空异质性。随着中国城镇化、工业化和农业现代化的快速推进,乡村景观功能分异化和多样化不断增强,景观多功能发展趋势明显,对其科学定位成为新的学术热点。以上海市城郊青浦区为例,利用2004-2014年的基础数据,采用多维评价模型、灰色关联分析和逼近理想解的排序法,以“乡村景观多功能性定位—主副功能定位—障碍功能定位”的景观多功能综合定位方式,实现对该区乡村景观多功能科学定位。结果表明：① 乡村景观多功能定位作为区域功能确定的有限方案多目标最优决策,应遵循最优决策法则;② 景观多功能综合定位方法能对该区乡村景观多功能科学定位,适用性较好;③ 该区乡村景观多功能复合显著,乡村景观多功能性东西差异明显、极值区域凸显且呈现集聚状态,主副功能和主副障碍功能空间异质性强且功能间依存度高;其中,乡村景观多功能性最大值区域为赵巷镇和朱家角镇,其值分别为3.44和3.02,低值区域为金泽镇和徐泾镇,其值分别为1.48和1.45;11个乡镇的主导功能和副功能均差为0.007,主副障碍功能均差为0.005。该研究以期为将来开展乡村景观规划与景观管理研究提供科学依据。     

抗高程平移和裁剪的格网DEM盲水印算法

针对DEM数据水印常见的攻击方式——高程平移和裁剪,该文提出了一种可有效抵抗攻击的格网DEM盲水印算法。该算法考虑了DEM数据的特点,对原始水印进行扩频处理,使其与高程差值形成映射关系;利用相邻格网的高程差值在高程平移攻击中的不变特性,以量化方式将扩频后水印按位嵌入到高程差值中,将扩张的差值分摊到相邻高程的后一位。实验结果表明,该水印算法具有良好的不可见性,对DEM数据精度影响较小,并且对抵抗高程平移和裁剪攻击具有良好的鲁棒性。     

基于不变矩和Hilbert码的矢量居民地零水印算法

提出了一种针对矢量居民地数据的零水印算法。为增强零水印的抗裁剪能力,算法利用Hilbert排列码对数据分块以便构造多个零水印。每块零水印的构造方法为:首先,利用Arnold技术置乱原始水印图像;然后,计算居民地图形的矢量不变矩集并将其映射成一个二值矩阵;最后,将置乱后的水印图像与不变矩集所映射的二值矩阵进行异或运算,完成零水印构造。实验结果表明,该算法能够抵抗常见的平移、缩放、旋转等几何攻击,对裁剪攻击也具有较好的鲁棒性。     

长江中下游河道冲淤演变的防洪效应

近年来长江中下游来沙量持续减少，河道面临长距离、长历时的冲淤调整，河道蓄泄关系发生变化，对防洪造成影响。在长江中下游河道冲淤及其蓄泄能力变化预测成果的基础上，对比计算了现状和未来河道蓄泄能力条件下，遇1954年洪水，长江上游水库防洪调度和中下游地区超额洪量的变化情况。结果表明，未来随着长江中下游河道进一步冲刷，河道槽蓄容积增加，相同防洪控制水位下的河道安全泄量增大，三峡水库在进行防洪调度时可下泄流量增大，总拦蓄洪量减小，长江中下游地区总超额洪量减小，但超额洪量在地区分布上存在从上游向下游转移的情况。