激光雨滴谱仪与自动气象站观测雨量对比分析

介绍了LNM激光雨滴谱仪的构成及原理,对由激光雨滴谱仪和自动气象站同步观测所获取的雨量资料进行对比分析,并结合新一代多普勒雷达基数据提供的反射率因子与雨量作对比分析。结果表明,两种仪器探测到的雨强随时间变化趋势较为一致,但变化幅度差异大,激光雨滴谱仪探测到的雨强最大值远大于自动气象站测得的最大值且出现时间要提早些;两种仪器观测到的雨量资料与观测点处雷达反射率因子的对比表明,激光雨滴谱仪探测到的雨量与雷达反射率因子有更好的一致性。     

辽河西部凹陷油气运移特征及其影响因素

辽河西部凹陷油气十分富集,油气藏类型复杂,油气相态多样发育,不同构造带油气运移特征存在差异。本文主要根据原油中咔唑类含氮化合物浓度和相关参数,以及储层流体包裹体的发育特征,结合油气相态及物性分布特征,探讨了辽河西部凹陷油气运移特征以及影响因素。研究表明,中央隆起带原油中咔唑类化合物浓度高、异构化参数变化小,油气包裹体主要呈线状分布,在切穿矿物加大边的裂隙中,油气运移通道以走滑形成的东西向雁列式或帚状断裂为主,运移动力主要为流体异常压力;斜坡带原油中咔唑类化合物浓度及其相关异构化参数变化明显,油气包裹体多分布在石英与长石颗粒次生加大边中,呈群体面状分布,显示较强荧光特征,油气主要由洼陷带至斜坡带以扇三角洲前缘分支河道指状砂体或辫状河道砂体为运移通道,以水动力与浮力推动,远源或近源运移成藏;陡坡带原油中咔唑类化合物总浓度以及异构化参数存在变化,以台安大洼断裂带或指状砂体为运移通道、以异常流体压力为动力近源运移成藏;古潜山原油咔唑类化合物总浓度低,参数变化明显,主要以不整合面或基底断裂为运移通道,以异常流体压力为动力近源运移成藏。油气运移聚集时间主要在东营期,自北往南油气成藏时间逐渐变晚,与沙三段、沙四段生烃期较为匹配。     

IODP 324航次FMS成像测井资料处理及其在Shatsky海隆构造研究中的应用

FMS成像测井是较为先进的测井技术,由于其具有高分辨率、直观性等特点,在原始产状恢复、沉积相态研究中有广泛的应用.位于西北太平洋的Shatsky(沙茨基)海隆是综合大洋钻探计划324航次的重点研究区域,通过对该航次U1347A、U1348 A、U1349 A 3口钻井中的FMS成像测井资料的处理及相应地质构造的解释、产状恢复,进行了构造应力场的探讨.得出结论是,Shatsky海隆TAMU地块的形成比较符合大洋中脊扩张学说,而对Ori地决的应力场分析则显示Ori地块的形成较符合地幔柱头假说.     

基于正射影像和DEM进行土地利用动态监测的研究

在广东省土地利用动态监测项目中,将已有的正射影像和数字高程模型作为新获取高分辨率卫星影像的控制资料,然后对高分辨率卫星影像进行绝对定位和正射影像更新,最后通过新旧正射影像的对比监测土地利用状况。利用高速局域网环境和分布式并行处理技术实现了卫星影像基于已有正射影像和DEM的全自动匹配、快速定向和正射影像纠正,极大地提高了...     

高时空分辨率 NDVI 数据集构建方法

针对ETM 空间分辨率高和MODIS 时间分辨率高的特点, 选择官厅水库上游为实验区, 基于对STARFM 方法的改进, 构建不同时空分辨率NDVI 的时空融合模型-STAVFM, 使用该模型对ETM NDVI 与MODIS NDVI 融 合, 构建了高时空分辨率NDVI 数据集。研究结果表明, STAVFM 根据植被变化特点定义了有效时间窗口, 在考虑 物候影响的同时改进了时间维的加权方式, 通过MODIS NDVI 时间变化信息与ETM NDVI 空间差异信息的有机结 合, 实现缺失高空间分辨率NDV     

新媒体环境下电视天气预报节目的定位

电视频道专业化和三网融合已成为电视媒体发展的新趋势.电视天气预报节目要想在新的环境下创新和发展,节目定位显得尤为重要.首先要有清晰明确的受众定位,然后按照受众定位确定节目的内容和形式.本文通过实例阐明电视天气预报节目要用更能体现人文关怀的内容来满足受众日益多元化的需求,针对节目定位,提出了打造电视天气预报节目品牌的思路.     

Salinity control on long-chain alkenone distributions in lake surface waters and sediments of the northern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China

Long-chain alkenones in lacustrine settings are potentially excellent biomarkers for the reconstruction of past terrestrial environmental conditions, and have been found in many different types of lakes around the globe. A wider range of factors influence the occurrence and distribution of alkenones in lake sediments and waters when compared to marine systems. Lake environmental conditions, such as temperature (in particular) and salinity, are among the key factors controlling alkenone distributions in lacustrine settings. Here we investigated alkenone distribution patterns in lakes of the northern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China, and their possible relationship with environmental conditions, by analyzing paired samples of suspended particulate matter in surface waters and surface sediments. Salinity of investigated lake waters ranges from almost 0 to ∼100 g/L, while temperature variation among the lakes is minimal, effectively eliminating temperature effects on the alkenone distribution patterns observed here. We show that (1) alkenone concentrations vary substantially between the lakes, yet controlling mechanisms remain elusive; (2) C₃₇/C₃₈ ratios are substantially lower in the lakes of the Qaidam Basin than in the Lake Qinghai region, probably indicating different alkenone producers in the two regions; and (3) large variations in %C_37:4 (the percentage of the C_37:4 alkenone), determined from both surface waters and sediments, are negatively correlated with salinity. We suggest that the %C_37:4 index could be used as a salinity indicator at least on a regional scale, with careful considerations of other potentially complicating factors. However, potential reasons for why salinity could significantly affect %C_37:4 values need further investigation.     

CO and CO2 emissions from spontaneous heating of coal under different ventilation rates

Carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions during a spontaneous heating event in a coal mine are important gases to monitor for detecting the spontaneous heating at an early stage. However, in underground coal mines, the CO and CO₂ concentrations and their related fire ratios may be affected by mine ventilation. In this study, CO and CO₂ emissions from spontaneous heating of a U.S. coal sample were evaluated in an isothermal oven under different airflow ventilation rates ranging from 100 to 500 cm³/min. Laboratory experiments were conducted at oven temperatures of 70, 90, and 100 °C. The temperature at the center of the coal sample was continually monitored, while the CO, CO₂, and oxygen (O₂) concentrations of the exit gas were continually measured. The results indicate that CO was generated immediately after the airflow passed through the coal, while CO₂ was generated in a late phase. The amounts of CO generated under different airflow rates were approximately the same at the initial temperature of 70 °C, while the amounts of CO generated increased significantly as the airflow rates and initial temperatures increased. The ratio of CO/CO₂ was found to be independent of airflow rate and initial temperature, approaching a constant value of 0.2 quickly if there was no thermal runaway. The value tended to decrease when a thermal runaway took place. The CO/O₂ deficiency ratio was dependent on both airflow rates and the initial temperature. The experimental results are in qualitative agreement with some large-scale test and field monitoring results.     

A study on the construction and optimization of triangular adaptive well pattern

An improper well pattern will have considerable adverse effects on the ultimate recovery of oil and gas considering the geological complexities usually associated with reservoirs. Designing an optimal well pattern for a given reservoir is often challenging because of following two categories of reasons: static factors including strong heterogeneities of reservoirs, the existence of outer boundaries, faults and pinch-out belts, variations of sedimentary facie physical properties; dynamic factors including the producers and injectors drilled previously, the multitudes of well patterns and the transformation among them. To overcome the difficulties of designing well patterns under complex conditions, a new method of constructing triangular adaptive well pattern is proposed in this paper. This new triangular adaptive well pattern can adjust the locations of wells spontaneously according to the conditions of reservoirs, achieving optimal effects using fewest wells. Inspired by the similarities between triangular well pattern often encountered in the industry and the triangulation of domains in computational geometry, the well-known Delaunay triangulation is employed to determine the locations of wells. By taking full advantage of the properties of Delaunay triangulation, the construction of triangular adaptive well pattern on the basis of boundaries, faults, and existing wells can be easily obtained and the number of control variables is greatly decreased in the optimization process. Therefore, a gradient-based algorithm coupled with reservoir numerical simulator is used to optimize the well pattern. Compared with conventional regular well patterns, the well pattern proposed here differs in that the scale and orientation of local flooding units are not the same in different parts of the reservoir depending on the geological conditions and the distribution of oil and water in the reservoir. Additionally, the heterogeneity of permeability is taken into account and a uniform displacement of oil in each flooding unit is realized by adjusting the locations of injectors. Detailed results are present ed for two different examples. The results show that the method proposed here can be successfully applied to the construction and optimization of well pattern for large-scale reservoirs.