Study on dynamic changes of land desertification in the circum-lake zone of the Qinghai Lake in the past 30 years supported by Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System

The circum-lake zone of the Qinghai Lake is one of the most serious regions of desertification on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Based on Remote Sensing （RS） and Geographical Information System （GIS） techniques, the four sets of remote sensing images acquired in 1976, 1987, 1995, and 2006 were selected to conduct thematic information extraction in 14,300 km2 of land in the circum-lake zone using the Earth Resource Data Analysis System （ERDAS） image and information processing function. In the meantime the off-site interpretation and filed check-correction methods were used to recon- struct the temporal-spatial dynamic changes and differentiation patterns of land desertification in the circum-lake zone in the past 30 years, and based on this, the developmental trend of land desertification in the next 20 years was predicted. The results of the study show that in the past 30 years land desertification in the region experienced a continuous fluctuation between rapid- and slow-development processes in time, while in space it exhibited a few small patchy distributions or sporadic distributions in many places while at the same time, four large sand-dominated distributions stood out and evolved into a circum-lake belt differentiation pattern with a lakeside dike as the connecting line. Due to the integrated effects of climate changes, human activities and artificial rehabilitation, land desertification area in the region in the next 20 years will exhibit an increasing trend in the first 15 years and then increase at a slower rate, and afterward occur in a reverse, decreasing trend.     

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冬季黄、东海一断面表层砂壳纤毛虫群落

于2012年11月18日至12月21日,在黄、东海沿从南向北(26~36°N)一个断面24个站采样调查了表层(4 m)砂壳纤毛虫群落。共发现砂壳纤毛虫17属,32种。各站砂壳纤毛虫种丰富度为2~15种,砂壳纤毛虫总丰度为2 478~88 550个/m3。整个断面优势种为筒状拟铃虫、白领细壳虫、小领细壳虫和钝囊坎虫。巴西拟铃虫仅出现在青岛近岸(24号站),但丰度很高(10 960个/m3)。砂壳纤毛虫种类多样性从南向北降低,从近岸向远岸增加,黏着壳的比例在近岸水浅处较多,在水深大于50 m的站位,透明壳所占比例大大增加。不同种类的砂壳纤毛虫有着不同的分布区域,根据分布区域的不同,可分为南方种,北方种和广布种等。聚类分析结果显示,调查区的砂壳纤毛虫可以分为3个群落。     

2009—2014年11种大气科学核心期刊来源指标的统计分析

利用2010—2015年版《中国学术期刊影响因子年报（自然科学与工程技术）》提供的可被引文献量等期刊来源指标,对《中文核心期刊要目总览（2014年版）》公布的11种大气科学核心期刊的各项来源指标进行统计分析。结果表明：6年来11种期刊的载文能力没有发生明显的变化;年均可被引文献量为1 326篇,论文发表总页数为11 270,论文篇均长度为8.5页,平均引文数为23篇,基金论文比为0.92。展望未来中文核心期刊的发展方向是：刊期缩短、可被引文献量增多、论文篇均长度增大、平均引文数增加、基金论文比维持在较高水平。     

日本东海岸9.0级地震应对给我国地震应急的启示

2011年3月11日日本东北近海9.0级地震及伴发海啸造成了重大的人员伤亡和经济损失.本文介绍了这次灾害的特点和震后应急救灾行动,总结了此次应急的经验和不足,并对我国防震减灾工作提出了几点启示.     

福州花岗岩区大直径地热深井主要钻井技术

在福州大直径地热深井钻探施工中,使用钻井能力大于600m的大型水文钻机及相关配套设备,选用HA、HJ系列掌背强化金刚石保径、中-高抗压强度镶齿三牙轮钻头,采用 气举反循环钻井工艺,成功施工十余口550～1 200m优质高温大口径地热深井,介绍了其主要钻井技术,对今后深层回灌钻井施工具积极的作用.     

使用反应器培养钝顶螺旋藻(Spirulina plarensis)过程中细菌群落的组成变化

使用气升式光生物反应器培养钝顶螺旋藻25天,发现随螺旋藻生物量的增长,细菌生物量有一定的增长趋势.应用PCR-DGGE技术分析螺旋藻培养过程中细菌种类组成,发现在不同时期细菌群落组成变化明显.通过DGGE图谱中18条特征条带的克隆、测序及系统进化分析,发现其中有8条序列与а变形菌纲序列相似,3条与拟杆菌纲序列相似,2条...     

胶州湾浮游纤毛虫丰度和生物量的周年变化

于2007年1—12月在胶州湾搭载＂创新号＂考察船完成了12个航次的浮游纤毛虫丰度和生物量调查。结果表明,胶州湾纤毛虫丰度的范围为41—31077ind/L,生物量范围为0.06—99.37μgC/L。表层纤毛虫平均丰度于6月达到全年最高值（6065ind/L）,12月为最低值（843ind/L）;平均生物量8月达全年...     

Water conservancy projects in China: Achievements,challenges and way forward

China's water policies in the past decades have relied heavily on the construction of massive water conservancy projects in the form of dams and reservoirs, water transfer projects, and irrigation infrastructure. These facilities have brought tremendous economic and social benefits but also posed many adverse impacts on the eco-environment and society. With the intensification of water scarcity, China's future water conservancy development is facing tremendous challenge of supporting the continuous economic development while protecting the water resources and the dependent ecosystems. This paper provides an overview of China's water conservancy development, and illustrates the socioeconomic, environmental and ecological impacts. A narrative of attitude changes of the central government towards water conservancy, as well as key measures since the 1950s is presented. The strategic water resources management plan set by the central government in its Document No. 1 of 2011 is elaborated with focus on the three stringent controlling “redlines” concerning national water use, water use efficiency and water pollution and the huge investments poised to finance their implementation. We emphasize that realizing the goals set in the strategic plan requires paradigm shifts of the water conservancy development towards maximizing economic and natural capitals, prioritizing investment to preserve intact ecosystems and to restore degraded ecosystems, adapting climate change, balancing construction of new water projects and rejuvenation of existing projects, and managing both “blue” (surface/groundwater) and “green” water (soil water).