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151.
A. Kubičela 《Solar physics》1976,47(2):551-553
Evidence is given that some supergranules have lifetimes of 72 hours or more. 相似文献
152.
Boška J. Šauli P. Altadill D. German Solé J. Alberca L.F. 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》2003,47(3):579-586
We investigate the short-term fluctuations in the period range from 15 to 180 minutes in the electron density variations of the F region ionosphere. Electron density profiles obtained at the ionospheric stations of Pruhonice (49.9° N, 14.5° E) and Ebro (40.8° N, 0.5° E) at five minute time sampling have been used for this analysis. The diurnal changes of the activity of the acoustic gravity wave fluctuations (AGW) show a clear enhancement during and several hours after sunrise. The periods of such AGW's are about 60 to 75 minutes and these waves propagates vertically through the ionosphere from a source located at an altitude of 180-220 km. The most likely source for these events seems to be passage of the Solar terminator. 相似文献
153.
Adam Ružčka 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2003,284(2):519-522
A simple sticky-particle numerical model has been developed in order to check whether extended structures of gas created due
to the dynamical evolution of the Galaxy and the Magellanic Clouds system can be explained as remnants of a tidal interaction.
Influence of dissipative nature of gaseous medium has been taken into account. The most remarkable features are: the Magellanic
Stream, the common HI envelope surrounding both the LMC and SMC and the bridge extended between the Clouds. In contrast to
previous works of Murai and Fujimoto (1980), Gardiner et al. (1994) and H and Rohlfs (1994) no presumptions were done on the
actual galactocentric velocities of the Magellanic Clouds. The mean values of the LMC and SMC velocity vectors obtained from
the Hipparcos proper motion measurements (Kroupa and Bastian, 1997) were used in order to verify whether they allow to reproduce
the observed HI distribution. Numerical simulations showed that tidal forces are really significant for the evolution of extended
structures such as the Magellanic Stream but this approach becomes unsufficient for the internal regions of galaxies where
self-gravity and dissipative properties of the gas cannot be neglected. More precise proper motion measurements are urgently
needed.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
154.
There is general agreement that calc-alkaline volcanic rocks at convergent plate margins are genetically related to the process of subduction (Ringwood, 1974; Maaloe and Petersen, 1981; Hawkesworth et al., 1997). However, opinions on the mode and site of generation of primary magma for island arc volcanism differ substantially. The site of generation of calc-alkaline magma is thought to be either in the mantle wedge (Plank and Langmuir, 1988; McCulloch and Gamble, 1991) or in the subducting slab (White and Dupré, 1986; Defant and Drummond, 1990; Edwards et al., 1993; Ryan and Langmuir, 1993). We present seismological evidence in favour of the latter concept. A distinctive seismicity pattern around and under the Krakatau volcano was identified during systematic studies of the SE Asian convergent plate margins by means of global seismological data. A column-like cluster of events, probably associated with the dynamics of the volcano, is clearly separated from the events in the Wadati-Benioff zone. The accuracy of hypocentral determinations of the events of the cluster does not differ from the accuracy of the events belonging to the subducting slab. The depths of the cluster events vary from very shallow to about 100 km without any apparent discontinuity. On the other hand, there is a pronounced aseismic gap in the Wadati-Benioff zone directly beneath the volcano at depths between 100-150 km. The Krakatau cluster connects this aseismic gap to the volcano at the surface. The pervasive occurrence of earthquakes in the continental wedge between the subducting slab and the Earth surface bears witness to the brittle character of the continental lithosphere and casts doubt on the existence of large-scale melting of mantle material. The aseismic gap (Hanu and Vank, 1985), interpreted by us as a partially melted domain occurring in subducted slabs in practically all active subduction zones that reach depths greater than 100 km, is here used as evidence for the location of the primary source region of island arc volcanics in the subducting plate. 相似文献
155.
J. Klokočník Ch. Reigber P. Schwintzer C. A. Wagner J. Kostelecký 《Journal of Geodesy》2002,76(4):189-198
The new GFZ/GRGS gravity field models GRIM5-S1 and GRIM5-C1, currently used as initial models for the CHAMP mission, have
been compared with other recent models (JGM 3, EGM 96) for radial orbit accuracy (by means of latitude lumped coefficients)
in computations on altimetry satellite orbits. The bases for accuracy judgements are multi-year averages of crossover sea
height differences from Geosat and ERS 1/2 missions. This radially sensitive data is fully independent of the data used to
develop these gravity models. There is good agreement between the observed differences in all of the world's oceans and projections
of the same errors from the scaled covariance matrix of their harmonic geopotential coefficients. It was found that the tentative
scale factor of five for the formal standard deviations of the harmonic coefficients of the new GRIM fields is justified,
i.e. the accuracy estimates, provided together with the GRIM geopotential coefficients, are realistic.
Received: 20 February 2001 / Accepted: 24 October 2001 相似文献
156.
Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica - 相似文献
157.
Magnetic properties of soils from sites with different geological and environmental settings 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Hana Fialov Günter Maier Eduard Petrovský Ale Kapi
ka Tetyana Boyko Robert Scholger MAGPROX Team 《Journal of Applied Geophysics》2006,59(4):273-283
Measurements of magnetic susceptibility of soils, reflecting magnetic enhancement of topsoils due to atmospherically deposited magnetic particles of industrial origin, are used recently in studies dealing with outlining polluted areas, as well as with approximate determination of soil contamination with heavy metals. One of the natural limitations of this method is magnetic enhancement of soils caused by weathering magnetically rich parent rock material. In this study we compare magnetic properties of soils from regions with different geological and environmental settings. Four areas in the Czech Republic and Austria were investigated, representing both magnetically rich and poor geology, as well as point-like and diffuse pollution sources. Topsoil and subsoil samples were investigated and the effect of geology and pollution was examined. Magnetic data including mass and volume magnetic susceptibility, frequency-dependent susceptibility, and main magnetic characteristics such as coercivity (Hc and Hcr) and magnetization (Ms and Mrs) parameters are compared with heavy metal contents. The aim of the paper is to assess the applicability of soil magnetometry under different geological-environmental conditions in terms of magnetic discrimination of dominant lithogenic/anthropogenic contributions to soil magnetic signature. Our results suggest that lithology represents the primary effect on soil magnetic properties. However, in case of significant atmospheric deposition of anthropogenic particles, this contribution can be clearly recognized, independent of the type of pollution source (point-like or diffuse), and discriminated from the lithogenic one. Different soil types apparently play no role. Possible effects of climate were not investigated in this study. 相似文献
158.
M. C. Santos P. Vaníček W. E. Featherstone R. Kingdon A. Ellmann B. -A. Martin M. Kuhn R. Tenzer 《Journal of Geodesy》2006,80(12):691-704
Following our earlier definition of the rigorous orthometric height [J Geod 79(1-3):82–92 (2005)] we present the derivation and calculation of the differences between this and the Helmert orthometric height, which is embedded in the vertical datums used in numerous countries. By way of comparison, we also consider Mader and Niethammer’s refinements to the Helmert orthometric height. For a profile across the Canadian Rocky Mountains (maximum height of ~2,800 m), the rigorous correction to Helmert’s height reaches ~13 cm, whereas the Mader and Niethammer corrections only reach ~3 cm. The discrepancy is due mostly to the rigorous correction’s consideration of the geoid-generated gravity disturbance. We also point out that several of the terms derived here are the same as those used in regional gravimetric geoid models, thus simplifying their implementation. This will enable those who currently use Helmert orthometric heights to upgrade them to a more rigorous height system based on the Earth’s gravity field and one that is more compatible with a regional geoid model. 相似文献
159.
Effect of common point selection on coordinate transformation parameter determination 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The use of satellite positioning techniques commonly requires a transformation from a Conventional Terrestrial coordinate
system to a Geodetic coordinate system, or vice versa. For such a transformation, the main problem is the determination of
transformation parameters between these coordinate systems. The transformation parameters are estimated by a least-squares
process using “common” points, i.e., those points whose coordinates are known in both systems. Therefore, the precision of
so estimated transformation parameters is closely related to certain characteristics of the common points. In this contribution,
we have formulated some theoretical relations between the transformation parameters and the number and the distribution of
common points, and corroborated the theoretical results numerically, using a simulated geodetic network. 相似文献
160.
Explicit formula for the geoid-quasigeoid separation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The explicit formula for the geoid-to-quasigeoid correction is derived in this paper. On comparing the geoidal height and
height anomaly, this correction is found to be a function of the mean value of gravity disturbance along the plumbline within
the topography. To evaluate the mean gravity disturbance, the gravity field of the Earth is decomposed into components generated
by masses within the geoid, topography and atmosphere. Newton’s integration is then used for the computation of topography-and
atmosphere-generated components of the mean gravity, while the combined solution for the downward continuation of gravity
anomalies and Stokes’ boundary-value problem is utilized in computing the component of mean gravity disturbance generated
by mass irregularities within the geoid. On application of this explicit formulism a theoretical accuracy of a few millimetres
can be achieved in evaluation of the geoid-to-quasigeoid correction. However, the real accuracy could be lower due to deficiencies
within the numerical methods and to errors within the input data (digital terrain and density models and gravity observations). 相似文献