中国风景园林起源与古生态观初探

:“囿苑”只是中国风景园林起始源流之一,中国风景园林实际是众流汇集而形成。风景园林的基本性质是生态境域的艺术,而不是建筑空间艺术或造型艺术。它最初起源于自然生态环境的审美选择,以“因地制宜”、“巧于因借”顺乎自然规律的设计指导思想,最终达到“虽由人作,宛自天开”的审美标准,更有“道法自然”以追求“天人之意,相与融洽”的审美理想。     

中国工业烟粉尘排放时空演化及其影响因素

采用空间分析和空间杜宾模型等方法,研究1999—2017年中国工业烟粉尘排放时空演化特征及其影响因素。结果表明:①中国工业烟粉尘排放空间分布差异明显,其排放的基尼系数和污染物分布指数均呈现下降态势,空间集中程度有所缓和。②中国工业烟粉尘排放空间分布呈东北-西南走向,其排放中心不断由东南向西北方向迁移。③中国工业烟粉尘排放存在空间相关性和空间溢出效应,其冷热点区空间分布发生显著变化。④能源消耗、第二产业比重、人口密度和经济发展水平的提升将会增加工业烟粉尘排放,而外资水平、治理技术水平和环境规制力度的提升则有利于减少工业烟粉尘排放。     

Development of gullies and sediment production in the black soil region of northeastern China

Gully erosion is an important environmental hazard in the black soil region of northeastern China. It is a primary sediment source in the region which needs appropriate soil conservation practices. Gully incision in rolling hills typical of this region was monitored using real-time kinematic GPS to assess the rates of gully development and the resultant sediment production. From 2002 to 2005, gully heads in the study area retreated between 15.4 and 33.5 m, giving an average retreat rate of 8.4 m yr^− 1. Field measurements showed that total sediment production due to gully erosion during the three years ranged between 257 and 1854 m³ yr^− 1, which is equivalent to 326 to 2355 t yr^− 1, with gully-head retreat accounting for 0 to 21.7% (4.4% in average). The sediment delivery ratio was especially high during the summer rainy season (56% in average). Sediment production by ephemeral gullies and permanent gullies was 1.5 times greater than that from surface erosion. Gully heads retreated faster in the spring freeze–thaw period than in the summer. The stage of gully development could be identified based on short-term changes in the gully erosion rate.     

外部利润、产权界定与土地资源优化配置——成都市农村土地股份合作制改革的制度经济学解析

以"外部利润——产权界定——资源优化配置"为研究主线,对成都市农村土地股份合作制改革进行了制度经济学解析。研究发现,制度创新空间的形成、土地的增值收益、土地规模利用效应和土地集约利用效应构成了成都市农村土地股份合作制改革的外部利润。成都市农村土地股份合作制改革,一方面可以提高土地规模和集约利用效应,促进土地资源优化配置;另一方面可以明晰集体土地产权主体,健全基层组织治理机制。要采取诸如放松法律限制、加强理论研究、规范机制建设等措施,从而推动土地股份合作制的生成和发展。     

玉龙铜（钼）矿带多霞松多岩体成因：锆石U-Pb年代学和岩石地球化学约束

玉龙铜(钼)矿带的成因机制和动力学背景一直存在争议。本文选择目前研究程度较低的多霞松多岩体, 对该岩体含矿斑岩开展岩相学、年代学、岩石地球化学及锆石Hf同位素分析。研究表明, 多霞松多岩体主要由二长花岗斑岩和碱长花岗斑岩组成, 其中, 二长花岗斑岩的主要造岩矿物为钾长石、斜长石和石英, 碱长花岗斑岩的主要造岩矿物为钾长石和石英。两种岩石属于高钾钙碱性-钾玄质侵入岩, 具有富碱高钾的特征; 亏损Nb、Ti等高场强元素, 富集Rb、Th、U等大离子亲石元素和Pb; 稀土元素含量较高(ΣREE=145.04×10^-6~290.91×10^-6), 富集轻稀土(LREE/HREE=6~37)。铕表现为从二长花岗斑岩的弱负异常(Eu/Eu^*=0.66~0.84)到碱长花岗斑岩的中等负异常(Eu/Eu^*=0.35~0.39)。锆石U-Pb定年显示, 二长花岗斑岩的成岩年龄为38.3±0.6 Ma, 碱长花岗斑岩的成岩年龄为37.8±1.0 Ma, 两者形成时代基本一致, 均属于喜马拉雅期, 表明在多霞松多地区始新世存在一期重要的岩浆热液Cu-Mo成矿事件。多霞松多含矿斑岩的锆石ε_Hf(t)范围在+1.3~+2.6之间。结合元素和同位素地球化学特征, 指示多霞松多含矿斑岩可能来源于亏损地幔分异的新生玄武质下地壳, 受控于印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞诱发的金沙江走滑断裂系统。

     

贵州红枫湖纹理沉积物中近代气温记录

本通过红枫湖纹理沉积物柱芯碳酸盐特征剖面与流域气温资料对比、沉积纹理年代校正以及早期成岩化学过程对碳酸盐沉积记录的改造作用等方面的研究，表明湖泊碳酸盐沉积记录基本不受早期成岩作用的影响，碳酸钙含量和ＣａＯ／ＭｇＯ·Ａｌ２Ｏ３比值可作为湖泊沉物中具高分辨率、短时间尺度的气温变化的代用指标。     

Change analysis of rice area and production in China during the past three decades

Rice＇s spatial-temporal distributions, which are critical for agricultural, environ- mental and food security research, are affected by natural conditions as well as socio-eco- nomic developments. Based on multi-source data, an effective model named the Spatial Production Allocation Model （SPAM） which integrates arable land distribution, administrative unit statistics of crop data, agricultural irrigation data and crop suitability data, was used to get a series of spatial distributions of rice area and production with 10-km pixels at a national scale -it was applied from the early 1980s onwards and used to analyze the pattern of spatial and temporal changes. The results show that significant changes occurred in rice in China during 1980-2010. Overall, more than 50% of the rice area decreased, while nearly 70% of rice production increased in the change region during 1980-2010. Spatially, most of the increased area and production were in Northeast China, especially, in Jilin and Heilongjiang; most of the decreased area and production were located in Southeast China, especially, in regions of rapidly urbanization in Guangdong, Fujian and Zhejiang. Thus, the centroid of rice area was moved northeast approximately 230 km since 1980, and rice production about 320 km, which means rice production moved northeastward faster than rice area because of the significant rice yield increase in Northeast China. The results also show that rice area change had a decisive impact on rice production change. About 54.5% of the increase in rice pro- duction is due to the expansion of sown area, while around 83.2% of the decrease in rice production is due to contraction of rice area. This implies that rice production increase may be due to area expansion and other non-area factors, but reduced rice production could largely be attributed to rice area decrease.     

PELIMINARY ANALYSES FOR CROP WATER CONSUMPTION BY USING LYSIMETER

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The first extra-large helium-rich gas field identified in a tight sandstone of the Dongsheng Gas Field,Ordos Basin,China

Science China Earth Sciences - Helium gas is a scarce but important strategic resource, which is usually associated with natural gas. Presently, only one extra-large helium-rich gas field has been...     

褚亚平先生的学术思想与主要贡献

褚亚平先生是中国著名的地理教育学家和地名学家.他长期从事地理教育研究与实践,完善了中学地理教学法学科体系,创造性的提出地理教材"三系统"理论,提出以学生为本,促进学生全面发展与深入教学研究,培养高质量师资队伍并行的地理教育理论,他对地理教育的研究成果推动了中国地理教育学的发展.他重视地名研究与管理人才培养,撰写专著力图构建地名学的基础理论,并对新时期地名管理,地名规划,地名商品化等问题提出自己的看法.