过去2000年典型暖期北半球温度变化特征及成因分析

过去2000年包含了罗马暖期（Roman Warm Period,简称RWP）、中世纪气候异常期（Medieval Climate Anomaly,简称MCA）和现代暖期（Present Warm Period,简称PWP）这3个典型暖期,前人对罗马暖期的关注相对较少。为了更好地对比自然暖期和叠加了人类活动的暖期的温度变化特征及成因,文章利用通用地球系统模式（Community Earth System Model,简称CESM）的过去2000年气候模拟试验资料,在与重建资料和同化资料（Last Millennium Reanalysis,简称LMR）进行对比验证的基础上,对这3个典型暖期北半球的温度变化特征和成因机制进行了初步探讨。结果表明：CESM的全强迫试验能很好地模拟出重建资料与LMR所反映的两个自然暖期（RWP和MCA）以及PWP,PWP相较于RWP和MCA北半球增温幅度明显更大。通过对比单因子敏感性试验结果发现,RWP时期主要受土地覆盖变化的影响,同时太阳活动、火山活动强迫对地表增温有一定调节作用;而MCA时期的火山活动频率相比RWP时期更小,且太阳活动稳定,此时土地覆盖的调节作用相比RWP时期减弱;PWP时期在温室气体强迫驱动下,地表温度增加显著,其贡献远超过火山活动、太阳活动两个外强迫因子,此时土地利用/覆盖强迫对增温显示出负向影响,同时北极涛动增强,进一步加剧PWP时期的增温。

     

青藏高原晚始新世干旱化事件：改则盆地康托组碳酸盐岩碳氧同位素的记录

改则盆地位于青藏高原腹地,盆地内沉积物记录了高原古环境变化的重要信息。本文对改则盆地康托组碳酸盐岩碳氧同位素进行研究,结果显示改则盆地中-晚始新世的演化分为两个阶段:1中始新世湿润气候下开放湖盆阶段:虽然碳酸盐岩δ~(18)O值在43层处向正值偏移,但整体~(18)O和~(13)C强烈亏损,并且该时期碳酸盐岩δ~(18)O值和δ~(13)C变化相关系数为R~2=0.082。表明该阶段的研究区虽然经历过短期蒸发作用增强或补给水减少,但整体是气候湿润条件下补给水丰富的开放型湖盆。2晚始新世干旱气候下封闭湖盆阶段:经过中新世晚期(63层)气候和湖泊水文状态的过渡,晚始新世~(18)O和~(13)C同位素富集,δ~(18)O值和δ~(13)C值变化相关系数为R~2=0.7762。表明该阶段气候干旱,蒸发作用强烈,湖盆萎缩成为封闭湖盆。综合前人研究,认为青藏高原腹地及北缘、东北缘在晚始新世存在明显的区域性干旱化事件。对比分析青藏高原隆升、全球气候记录、全球海水Sr和大气CO_2记录,认为青藏高原腹地和北部的干旱化事件主要受青藏高原隆升的影响。     

PROTEM-37瞬变电磁测深系统及应用实例

PROTEM - 37仪器具有分辨率高、动态范围大、抗干扰能力强、探测深度较大等优良性能。简要介绍了该仪器的测深原理、工作装置、野外施工步骤以及资料的处理解释。对TEM和MT资料的联合反演作了有益的尝试。介绍了该仪器在探测地下洞穴、勘察金属矿以及煤田水文地质调查等方面     

遥感信息协同智能网格模型设计及实现

为了给普通用户提供一个自动化、智能化的遥感信息处理平台,以OGSA(Open Grid Services Architecture) 为基础,结合多智能体技术,提出了基于协同智能网格的遥感信息处理模型RSCIG(Remote Sensing Cooperative Intelligent Grid);设计了RSCIG的体系结构,详述了如何高效准确地协同现有的网格服务以完成所面临的任务;实现了一个RSCIG体系结构下的遥感信息处理原型系统.     

内蒙古翁公敖包航磁异常的推断与解释

文章对内蒙古四子王旗—土默特右旗中北部近年发现的翁公敖包航磁异常进行推断与解释,在对找矿有望的航磁异常进行筛选后,对翁公敖包航磁异常进行了野外地质-地球物理查证,确定异常为铁矿所致;采用向上延拓、垂向导数、斜导数及小波变换等方法对航磁异常进行数据转换处理,以获取铁矿体的横向及纵向分布信息,取得了较好的效果。     

Aliphatic biomarker signatures of early Oligocene-early Miocene source rocks in the central Qiongdongnan Basin: Source analyses of organic matter

The geochemical signatures of fifty-four rock samples and three supplementary drill stem test(DST) oils from the Yacheng-Sanya formations in the central Qiongdongnan Basin(CQB) were analysed. Reconstruction of the early Oligocene-early Miocene(36–16 Ma) palaeovegetation and source analyses of organic matter(OM) were conducted using aliphatic biomarkers in ancient sediments and DST oils. Both the interpreted aquatic and terrigenous OM contributed to the CQB source rocks(SRs) but had varying relat...     

An Effective Control System of Thrust and Moment Modulation for a Dynamically Positioned Vessel

Dynamic positioning (DP) is an operation method whereby the position of a surface vessel is maintained in close proximity to a required position in the horizontal plane through the controlled application of forces and moments generated by purposely installed thrusters. When estimating thrust, this kind of conventional control system often uses many acceleration sensors, velocity sensors, environment sensors, and filters. Usually, these sensors have measured electrical errors. To reduce the number of sensors used and to decrease the measurement errors, this article presents an effective control system for estimating thrust and moment commands, which is based on energy and impulsemomentum principles. Donha and Brinati's example is followed to verify the feasibility of the present control system, which performs semisubmersible platform positioning using an LQG controller, and the results are feasible and economical. A simulated coring vessel marine positioning in southern Taiwan is presented, which can estimate the counterthrust and moment commands, and the complex environmental forces and moments are described. The results can provide a valuable control system for dynamically positioned vessels.     

A new approach to the determination of the critical slip surfaces of slopes

A new method for the determination of the critical slip surfaces of slopes is proposed in this paper.In this paper,the original critical slip field method is extended in terms of the total residual moment,values of residual work as well as the unbalanced thrust force at the exit point for a given non-circular slip surface.The most critical slip surface with the maximum representative value for a prescribed factor of safety will be optimized and located using the harmony search algorithm.The prescribed factor of safety is modified with certain tiny interval in order to find the critical slip surface where the maximum representative value is zero.The aforementioned approach to the location of the critical slip surface is greatly different from the traditional limit equilibrium procedure.Three typical soil slopes are evaluated by use of the proposed method,and the comparisons with the classical approaches have illustrated the applicability of the proposed method.     

威海近岸人工鱼礁布设对生物资源恢复效果

为了解人工鱼礁投放对区域内海洋生物资源恢复效果,于2013年3月至2014年1月在北黄海近岸人工鱼礁投放区进行调查。结果显示,该海区发现浮游动物53种,其中优势种为浮游桡足类。夏秋季底栖生物幼体成为季节性优势种。游泳动物共发现14种,主要为常见的礁区鱼类。底栖动物共12种,其中棘皮动物海燕为绝对优势种,为近岸养殖生物的主要敌害生物,主要的底栖资源优势种为虾蟹类与软体动物。投礁区的浮游动物与游泳动物物种数明显多于未投礁区,表明人工投礁有助于生物群落的恢复,提高生物多样性,改善区域生态系统。但该海域大型底栖藻类较少,还应进一步对大型底栖藻类增殖以提高海域初级生产。     

网箱养殖大黄鱼越冬期间脂肪酸的相对含量变化

利用气-质法(GC-MS)对越冬期间海水平均温度在20,16,12,10和8 ℃条件下的2龄大黄鱼肌肉和肝脏组织中脂肪酸组成及相对含量进行分析,结果表明:随着海水水温的降低,机体会增加不饱和脂肪酸含量,尤其是EPA[C20:5(n-3)],EPA在肌肉中的含量从20 ℃时5.71%增至8 ℃时8.06%,在肝脏中从20 ℃时6.76%增至8 ℃时8.44%。由此可见,在越冬禁食条件下,大黄鱼机体通过自身的脂肪酸动态转化和代谢,减少饱和脂肪酸含量,而增加不饱和脂肪酸含量,以此增加膜的流动性,抵御寒冷。