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971.
近年国外传统村镇旅游研究进展及启示 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
近年来,随着传统村镇旅游的日益兴起,有关传统村镇的旅游学研究日益受到学术界重视和关注.总结了国内外关于传统村镇的旅游学研究进展,指出国外研究成果主要集中在传统村镇旅游发展影响研究、传统村镇旅游发展与文化原真性保持之间的关系、传统村镇旅游可持续发展等方面.国内研究与之相比,在研究内容、方法、领域、深度等方面仍有很大差距,有待进一步扩展和深入.今后应注意以下几方面问题:研究内容流于表层,应加强研究领域的延伸和深度的扩展;研究方法、手段较为单一,研究理论和方法焏待提高;理论研究滞后于旅游发展实践的现状焏待改善. 相似文献
972.
准格尔丘陵沟壑区五分地沟流域土地覆盖分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以准格尔丘陵沟壑区五分地沟流域为研究区,应用彩红外航片和IKONOS卫星影像,绘制了1987、2002年土地覆盖/植被类型图,并数字化基于地面土地利用调查绘制的1979年土地利用图.利用景观格局指数,评价了研究区土地覆盖/植被空间格局现状及土地覆盖类型动态变化;并以ETM 数据为信息源,绘制了2002年土地覆盖/植被类型图.研究表明:2002年研究区土地覆盖/植被呈现出一个耕地、草地、人工乔木林和人工灌木林以及种植稀疏灌木的草地高度镶嵌的景观格局特征;20年内土地覆盖类型发生了显著的变化,景观异质性增强.基于研究区景观的高度破碎化,绘制小流域精细尺度土地覆盖图,高空间分辨率遥感数据十分必要. 相似文献
973.
Common‐conversion‐point binning associated with converted‐wave (C‐wave) processing complicates the task of parameter estimation, especially in anisotropic media. To overcome this problem, we derive new expressions for converted‐wave prestack time migration (PSTM) in anisotropic media and illustrate their applications using both 2D and 3D data examples. The converted‐wave kinematic response in inhomogeneous media with vertical transverse isotropy is separated into two parts: the response in horizontally layered vertical transverse isotrophy media and the response from a point‐scatterer. The former controls the stacking process and the latter controls the process of PSTM. The C‐wave traveltime in horizontally layered vertical transverse isotrophy media is determined by four parameters: the C‐wave stacking velocity VC2, the vertical and effective velocity ratios γ0 and γeff, and the C‐wave anisotropic parameter χeff. These four parameters are referred to as the C‐wave stacking velocity model. In contrast, the C‐wave diffraction time from a point‐scatterer is determined by five parameters: γ0, VP2, VS2, ηeff and ζeff, where ηeff and ζeff are, respectively, the P‐ and S‐wave anisotropic parameters, and VP2 and VS2 are the corresponding stacking velocities. VP2, VS2, ηeff and ζeff are referred to as the C‐wave PSTM velocity model. There is a one‐to‐one analytical link between the stacking velocity model and the PSTM velocity model. There is also a simple analytical link between the C‐wave stacking velocities VC2 and the migration velocity VCmig, which is in turn linked to VP2 and VS2. Based on the above, we have developed an interactive processing scheme to build the stacking and PSTM velocity models and to perform 2D and 3D C‐wave anisotropic PSTM. Real data applications show that the PSTM scheme substantially improves the quality of C‐wave imaging compared with the dip‐moveout scheme, and these improvements have been confirmed by drilling. 相似文献
974.
Lance A. Waller Li Zhu Carol A. Gotway Dennis M. Gorman Paul J. Gruenewald 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2007,21(5):573-588
Past studies consistently indicate measurable local associations between alcohol distribution and the incidence of violence.
These results, coupled with measurements of spatial correlation, reveal the importance of spatial analysis in the study of
the interaction of alcohol and violence. While studies increasingly incorporate spatial correlation among model residuals
to improve precision and reduce bias, to date, most analyses assume associations that are constant and independent of location,
an assumption coming under increasing scrutiny in the quantitative geography literature. In this paper, we review and contrast
two approaches for the estimation of and inference for spatially heterogeneous effects (i.e., associative factors whose impacts on the outcome of interest vary throughout geographic space). Specifically,
we provide an in-depth comparison of “geographically weighted regression” models (allowing covariate effects to vary in space
but only allowing relatively ad hoc inference) with “variable coefficient” models (allowing varying effects via spatial random
fields and providing model-based estimation and inference, but requiring more advanced computational techniques). We compare
the approaches with respect to underlying conceptual structures, computational implementation, and inferential output. We
apply both approaches to violent crime, illegal drug arrest, and alcohol distribution data from Houston, Texas and compare
results in light of the differing methodological structures of the two approaches. 相似文献
975.
Dong YunPeng Zhang GuoWei Zhou DingWu Luo JinHai Zhang ChengLi Xia LinQi Xu XueYi Li XiangMin 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2007,50(1):17-24
The properties and tectonic significance of the fault bound zone on the northern margin of the Central Tianshan belt are key
issues to understand the tectonic framework and evolutionary history of the Tianshan Orogenic Belt. Based on the geological
and geochemical studies in the Tianshan orogenic belt, it is suggested that the ophiolitic slices found in the Bingdaban area
represent the remaining oceanic crust of the Early Paleozoic ocean between the Hazakstan and Zhungaer blocks. Mainly composed
of basalts, gabbros and diabases, the ophiolites were overthrust onto the boundary fault between the Northern Tianshan and
Central Tianshan belts. The major element geochemistry is characterized by high TiO2 (1.50%–2.25%) and MgO (6.64%–9.35%), low K2O (0.06%–0.41%) and P2O5 (0.1%–0.2%), and Na2O>K2O as well. Low ΣREE and depletion in LREE indicate that the original magma was derived from a depleted mantle source. Compared
with a primitive mantle, the geochemistry of the basalts from the Bingdaban area is featureded by depletion in Th, U, Nb,
La, Ce and Pr, and unfractionated in HFS elements. The ratios of Zr/Nb, Nb/La, Hf/Ta, Th/Yb and Hf/Th are similar to those
of the typical N-MORB. It can be interpreted that the basalts in the Bingdaban area were derived from a depleted mantle source,
and formed in a matured mid-oceanic ridge setting during the matured evolutionary stage of the Northern Tianshan ocean. In
comparison with the basalts, the diabases from the Bingdaban area show higher contents of Al2O3, ΣREE and HFS elements as well as unfractionated incompatible elements except Cs, Rb and Ba, and about 10 times the values
of the primitive mantle. Thus, the diabases are thought to be derived from a primitive mantle and similar to the typical E-MORB.
The diabases also have slight Nb depletion accompanying no apparent Th enrichment compared with N-MORB. From studies of the
regional geology and all above evidence, it can be suggested that the diabases from the Bingdaban area were formed in the
mid-oceanic ridge of the Northern Tianshan ocean during the initial spreading stage.
Supported by the Major State Research Program of PRC (Grant No. 2001CB409801), the National Natural Science Foundation of
China (Grant Nos. 40472115 and 40234041) and the State Research Program of China Geological Survey (Grant No. 2001130000-22) 相似文献
976.
The concept of distributed strain‐sensing techniques has been proposed in our recent research, which was dedicated to utilizing the strain distributions throughout the full or partial areas of structures to detect arbitrary and unforeseen damage. An algorithm not requiring a detailed analytical model is presented for damage locating in flexural structures through the direct use of dynamic responses recorded by distributed long‐gauge strain sensors. The modal macro‐strain vector (MMSV), which has been proven to have a mapping relation with displacement mode shape, can be extracted directly from macro‐strain time‐series data, from which a damage evaluating index can be derived and used as an indicator for locating damage. Numerical examples are simulated to verify the sensitivity and effectiveness of the index in different cases. Furthermore, experimental investigations on a cantilevered beam with various long‐gauge fibre optic sensors placements are carried out to examine the feasibility and applicability of the proposed method. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
977.
This paper presents a new way of selecting real input ground motions for seismic design and analysis of structures based on a comprehensive method for estimating the damage potential of ground motions, which takes into consideration of various ground motion parameters and structural seismic damage criteria in terms of strength, deformation, hysteretic energy and dual damage of Park & Ang damage index. The proposed comprehensive method fully involves the effects of the intensity, frequency content and duration of ground motions and the dynamic characteristics of structures. Then, the concept of the most unfavourable real seismic design ground motion is introduced. Based on the concept, the most unfavourable real seismic design ground motions for rock, stiff soil, medium soil and soft soil site conditions are selected in terms of three typical period ranges of structures. The selected real strong motion records are suitable for seismic analysis of important structures whose failure or collapse will be avoided at a higher level of confidence during the strong earthquake, as they can cause the greatest damage to structures and thereby result in the highest damage potential from an extended real ground motion database for a given site. In addition, this paper also presents the real input design ground motions with medium damage potential, which can be used for the seismic analysis of structures located at the area with low and moderate seismicity. The most unfavourable real seismic design ground motions are verified by analysing the seismic response of structures. It is concluded that the most unfavourable real seismic design ground motion approach can select the real ground motions that can result in the highest damage potential for a given structure and site condition, and the real ground motions can be mainly used for structures whose failure or collapse will be avoided at a higher level of confidence during the strong earthquake. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
978.
Precipitation is often the sole source of water replenishment in arid and semi‐arid areas and, thus, plays a pertinent role in sustaining desert ecosystems. Revegetation over 40 years using mainly Artemisia ordosica and Caragana korshinskii at Shapotou Desert Experimental Research Station near Lanzhou, China, has established a dwarf‐shrub and microbiotic soil crust cover on the stabilized sand dunes. The redistribution of infiltrated moisture through percolation, root extraction, and evapotranspiration pathways was investigated. Three sets of time‐domain reflectometry (TDR) probes were inserted horizontally at 5, 10, 15, 20, 30 and 40 cm depths below the ground surface in a soil pit. The three sets of TDR probes were installed in dwarf‐shrub sites of A. ordosica and C. korshinskii community with and without a microbiotic soil crust cover, and an additional set was placed in a bare sand dune area that had neither vegetation nor a microbiotic soil crust present. Volumetric soil moisture content was recorded at hourly intervals and used in the assessment of infiltration for the different surface covers. Infiltration varied greatly, from 7·5 cm to more than 45 cm, depending upon rainfall quantity and soil surface conditions. In the shrub community area without microbiotic soil crust cover, infiltration increased due to preferential flow associated with root tunnels. The microbiotic soil crust cover had a significant negative influence on the infiltration for small rainfall events (~10 mm), restricting the infiltration depth to less than 20 cm and increasing soil moisture content just beneath the soil profile of 10 cm, whereas it was not as strong or clear for larger rainfall events (~60 mm). For small rainfall events, the wetting front depth for the three kinds of surface cover was as follows: shrub community without microbiotic soil crust > bare area > shrub community with microbiotic soil crust. In contrast, for large rainfall events, infiltration was similar in shrub communities with and without microbiotic soil crust cover, but significantly higher than measured in the bare area. Soil water extraction by roots associated with evapotranspiration restricted the wetting front penetration after 1 to 3 h of rainfall. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
979.
980.