三维激光扫描技术在复杂地质隧道岩体信息获取中的优化

为了更高效、高精度地获取岩体结构面信息,借助三维激光扫描技术,提出并建立一种基于Kriging算子和最小二乘法组合的点云插值方法。首先对获取的隧道点云数据利用单一的最小二乘法进行插值,并以此为基础,结合Kriging算子的适应度函数建立组合插值模型。在利用三维激光扫描仪已获取的某岩溶隧道的原始点云数据的基础上,运用组合模型进行插值处理,以此获取岩体结构面信息,并将组合方法得到的结果与单一的插值方法进行对比,发现组合方法插值效果较好,误差也较小。基于Kriging算法和最小二乘法结合的插值方法,在利用三维激光扫描技术获取岩溶隧道岩体几何信息—结构面产状的过程中能更加精确、全面,并可以用于岩体稳定性评价。     

贵州省国土资源执法监察监管系统建设与应用

针对贵州省山地居多、生态环境脆弱、交通通讯不发达,人力资金相对不足等现状,研究建设了在线、离线相结合,内业、外业相协同,"省、市、县、乡"四级一体化应用,涵盖"线索发现、问题分析、外业核查、立案查处"全流程的国土资源执法监察监管系统。系统突破了高效、高精度、多模式的国土资源执法监察监管的系列关键技术方法,建立了国土资源监察监管系统与"一张图"平台一体化集成应用的新模式,已经部署应用到贵州省国土资源执法局和9个市州国土局和若干区县国土局。实践表明系统可以节省大量的国土资源执法人力、物力和时间,有效提升贵州省国土资源执法监察监管的效率和水平。     

土地利用数据综合方法的研究进展

对有关土地利用数据综合方法的研究成果进行综述,主要回顾国内外在土地利用数据综合操作方面的理论规则、约束条件、算法等,并展望土地利用数据综合的未来研究方向。     

美国促进地理信息劳动力发展的举措与启示

在全面介绍美国地理信息技术能力素质模型（ GTCM ）、地理信息职业、地理信息课程培训和认证体系的基础上,提出了要研究制定我国地理信息职业能力标准、新增地理信息职业类型、充分参考和利用GTCM模型、建立人才交流平台、加强地理信息劳动力调查研究,以促进我国地理信息劳动力和产业发展。     

The Second Modified Perpendicular Drought Index (MPDI1): A Combined Drought Monitoring Method with Soil Moisture and Vegetation Index

Since soil moisture and vegetation index are direct and important indicators for surface drought status, a new drought monitoring method (MPDI1) is developed in NIR-Red reflectance space. It is a combination of two satellite-derived variables—a soil moisture component using the Perpendicular Drought Index (PDI), and a vegetation component using the Perpendicular Vegetation Index (PVI). Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) image and in-situ ground observation are introduced to validate the accuracy of the proposed method. Results indicate that MPDI1 is highly consistent to the in-situ ground observation with the coefficient of determination (R²?=?0.49) between MPDI1 and 5–20 cm mean soil moisture, which is slightly higher than the coefficient of determination (R²?=?0.42) between MPDI1 and 10 cm soil moisture. Compared with drought indices such as PDI and the Modified Perpendicular Drought Index (MPDI), MPDI1 provides quite similar trends for bare soil or lower vegetated surface, but it demonstrates a better performance in measuring densely vegetated surface. This paper concludes that MPDI1 provides correct and sufficient information on surface drought status in soil-plant continuum, which appears to have robust available and great potential for surface drought estimation in China and other countries.     

彩色扫描地图中背景色的等高（等深）线矢量化研究

在介绍矢量化方式的基础上,根据国外地图的特点,选择了基于全要素地图的矢量化方式。通过综合利用多义点及方向信息,对等高线矢量化的追踪过程控制,不仅避免了误追踪等特殊情况,且减少了人机交互,实现了有背景色区域等高（等深）线的半自动矢量化。     

Towards a 1 mGal accuracy and 1 min resolution altimetry gravity field

Over the past three decades, radar altimetry has made a significant contribution to marine gravity field modeling. To improve the accuracy and resolution, we propose a new twin-satellite altimetry. Such a system has several advantages. Among others, it provides (i) twice the number of samples per time epoch, and (ii) information about the cross-track surface gradient with high accuracy because most of the environmental and tidal errors will be common to the simultaneous measurements and therefore cancel out when computing the cross-track gradient computation. We describe a rigorous procedure for the deduction of the sea surface gradient at each altimeter observation point (i.e., not only at the crossovers), from the twin-satellite altimetry system. The precision of the gradient will be slightly affected by orbit errors, instrument drift, and inaccuracies in the geophysical corrections to be applied. We also demonstrate that a 1 mGal accuracy and 1 min resolution marine altimetry gravity field can be obtained if certain conditions are met. To achieve the expected goal, we recommend an orbital configuration, phasing two satellites in 4-s time delay such that the Earth rotation creates a natural baseline between the two satellites, and a 18 kHz SAR altimeter.