1856年重庆小南海地震地质灾害成因探讨

基于课题调查研究,解析历史地震记载和小南海地震遗址的现存形迹,梳理前人的认识,推算重力崩塌的势能及其相当的地震震级,探讨几种可能的地震地质灾害成因,同时也提出其他可能的诱发因素,认为小南海地震地质灾害可能是多次构造地震叠加的结果,也可能是纯粹的山体自然坍塌形成的塌陷型地震,而彻底揭开小南海地震地质灾害谜团还需人类科研实践的进一步发展,也需要更广泛学科的共同探讨。     

Method of high-density seismic imaging ex-ploration and application samples

Introduction Now, shallow seismic reflection wave technique has been used extensively in geological ex-plorations of bridge, dam, high building and so on. Since shallow seismic reflection wave tech-nique is often implemented in industrial zone or city with dense population, the background dis-turbance including industrial noise, life noise, etc is very serious. Furthermore, the disturbance of seismic source is also serious due to short array length and offset of the method. In general, shal-lo…     

Seepage driving effect on deformations of San Fernando dams

In the process of flow deformation of an earth dam, the seepage force inside the dam plays a role as a driving force. The seepage force acts just like the gravitational force in terms of pushing soils away from their original locations after liquefaction is triggered. This paper draws attention to this seepage driving effect by presenting a set of fully coupled finite element analyses on the well-known San Fernando dams, with the objective of evaluating the impact of this seepage effect. The results indicate that while this effect is always there, its practical significance depends on a number of factors. In the case of the upper San Fernando dam, which experienced a significant, but restricted, downstream movement during the 1971 earthquake, the seepage driving effect was indeed significant. On the contrary, for the lower dam, which failed and slid into the upstream reservoir during the same earthquake, this seepage effect was relatively less pronounced. The detailed results of the analyses reveal the likely mechanisms of failure and deformation of the two dams and the likely cause behind the difference between their responses during the earthquake.     

物探方法在水库坝基渗漏勘探中的应用

近年来物探方法在坝基勘探、活断层探测、溶洞探测和基础检测等工程中得到广泛应用,并取得了令人瞩目的成绩。本文介绍了在某水库坝基渗漏勘探开展物探工作的情况,取得了满意的结果,表明应用多种物探方法对解决工程问题具有较好的效果。     

青藏高原那曲地区雷电特征初步分析

通过对2002年夏季青藏高原那曲地区雷暴过程及闪电观测资料的初步分析,发现该地区雷暴电荷结构具有多样性和复杂性,地闪明显偏少. 对高原地闪的一些基本特征参量的统计分析表明,无论正地闪还是负地闪梯级先导前都具有持续时间较长的云内放电过程,地闪以单次回击为主. 与中低纬度地区相比,高原地闪中正地闪比例明显要高,为33髎;负地闪为67髎;正、负地闪回击后常常伴随短时间的连续电流.     

场地土液化引起的地下管道上浮反应研究

本文利用虚功原理,建立了场地土液化引起的地下管道的上浮反应分析模型,用弹性地基梁来模拟地下管道,并考虑了土的非线性约束作用、管道的初始变形、液化区长度、管道的初始轴力等的影响。采用非线性增量有限元法,对场地土液化引起的地下管道的上浮反应进行了研究,给出了部分计算结果。     

高层建筑附着升降脚手架风振系数研究

附着升降脚手架是适应高层建筑,特别是超高层建筑施工需要的新型脚手架,近年来,在我国应用较为广泛。风荷载是该类脚手架的主导设计荷载,特别是当爬升至150m高度以上时,风荷载对脚手架的安全使用起着决定性作用。风振系数是脚手架风荷载计算中的重要参数之一。本文通过对脉动风作用下附着升降脚手架与建筑结构共同工作的随机振动分析,得到了附着升降脚手架在爬升阶段和下降阶段的风振系数表达式。对本文大量电算结果与现行国家标准和地方规程的有关规定进行了比较分析后认为,脚手架在爬升阶段和下降阶段的风振系数与所附着建筑结构的风振系数有着不同的数值及变化规律。现行国家标准和地方规程对于爬升高度超过100m时将某一位置处脚手架的风振系数用建筑结构在该点的风振系数来近似代替,或根本不计入风振系数的做法,会使得附着升降脚手架的风荷载计算在爬升阶段以及下降阶段产生不同性质或不同程度的误差。本文建议不论附着升降脚手架的使用高度是否已超过100m均应计算脚手架自身的风振系数。     

结构双层多重调谐质量阻尼器(DMTMD)控制策略的鲁棒性评价

基于定义的二类优化目标函数,评价双层多重调谐质量阻尼器(DMTMD)控制策略对漂移频率系数(DFR)摄动的鲁棒性。数值研究表明,使用第二类优化准则设计的DMTMD、双重调谐质量阻尼器(DTMD)和多重调谐质量阻尼器(MTMD)比使用第一类优化准则设计的DMTMD、DTMD和MTMD具有更高的对DFR摄动的鲁棒性。而且,使用第二类优化准则设计的总数为4的DMTMD、DTMD和总数为11的MTMD具有近似相同的对DFR摄动的鲁棒性。