北黄海海域复杂构造区三维地震精细解释技术

研究工区位于北黄海海域陆相断陷沉积盆地内,该区多期构造运动叠加,断裂发育,地震资料品质差。中生代为其主要勘探目的层,为一已证实的含油气区域。结合本区地质特点,对该区进行三维地震解释时所采用的综合解释技术进行了总结,主要包括三维地震资料品质分级评价技术、无VSP井区空间层位标定技术、层位自动追踪技术、三维可视化解释、多属性体断裂解释技术和变速成图技术等实用的解释技术。多种解释手段的联合应用高质高速地完成了本复杂构造区的构造精细解释,完善了该区的解释方案,理顺了复杂断层的切割关系,识别了活动较弱的小断层。特别是对高精度三维速度场的建立,实现了变速成图,消除了高陡构造区速度陷阱所带来的构造假象,为对该复杂区的地震解释和圈闭形态的落实以及进一步的井位部署与地质评价提供了依据。     

湖泊底泥疏浚对沉积物再悬浮及营养盐负荷影响的模拟

选取太湖梅梁湾污染底泥为研究对象,利用沉积物再悬浮发生装置,通过室内模拟实验研究太湖夏季常规风情下底泥疏浚对沉积物再悬浮及上覆水营养盐动态变化的影响.结果表明,在模拟的风情扰动过程结束时(5 h),扰动过程未疏浚与疏浚处理水柱总悬浮颗粒物(TSS)含量变化差异显著,未疏浚对照水柱TSS含量是初始值的7.7倍,而疏浚水柱TSS在第2 h达到峰值,为初始值的3.8倍;未疏浚水柱TSS含量沉降过程最初1 h迅速降低了84.0%,而疏浚水柱TSS含量在沉降3 h后趋于平衡.伴随着沉积物的再悬浮过程,疏浚与未疏浚对照水柱中TP含量均在第5 h达到最大,分别增加负荷78.6和92.2 mg/m2.就短时效而言,底泥疏浚后沉积物的再悬浮过程显著受到抑制,并能够显著地减小沉积物再悬浮过程中溶解性磷酸盐的释放;但对水柱中总磷、总氮、铵氮、硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量变化影响较小.     

芦山地震仁家村斜坡地震动监测

芦山地震次生地质灾害一个显著特点是地形放大效应。震后第二天,课题组在极震区仁家村斜坡局部孤突地带谷底基岩及斜坡中部坡折部位各放置一台地震监测仪,捕捉到一系列余震数据。数据显示,坡折(2#监测点)相对谷底监测点(1#监测点,二级阶地高程)的最大峰值加速度一般放大最大可达3.4,最小为1,说明坡折部位的地震动能量大于谷底部位。阿里亚斯强度计算显示,坡折部位阿里亚斯强度最大值为0.004 855 m/s,谷底部位阿里亚斯强度值最大为0.003 145 m/s,前者约为后者的1.5倍,阿里亚斯强度放大系数最大可达6.9。傅里叶频谱分析可知,1#监测点主频范围为4.81~22.81 Hz,2#监测点主频范围为3.31~20.94 Hz,说明局部孤突地形并不影响坡体接收到地震波的丰富程度。通过与桅杆梁监测成果对比,说明了软弱覆盖层地震波的低频部分有放大作用,而对高频部分存在滤波作用;三面临空山体表现更显著的放大效应。研究认为,地震条件下局部孤突地形对地震动加速度有明显的放大效应,因而在这些地区较易达到岩土体的强度极限,从而增加震裂、崩塌、滑坡等次生地质灾害发生的数量和规模,在进行山区工程选址和城镇规划时应充分考虑局部地形的放大作用和影响。     

地理国情普查外业调绘核查系统实现

针对传统的基于纸质地图的外业调绘核查工作具有操作复杂、采集数据不精确、作业流程不规范等缺点,该文设计开发了基于iPad的地理国情普查外业调绘核查系统。在内业高精度遥感影像判读的基础上,采用全数字化的外业调绘核查技术,进行地理国情要素移动式、网络化外业调查和验证,快速采集和编辑调查数据,为外业工作提供了一套完整的解决方案。该系统在青岛市崂山区和城阳区的试点中已经得到广泛的应用,较好地验证了移动GIS技术用于外业信息采集的可行性。     

MODIS地表温度产品与实测资料对比分析

陆面温度是研究地表和大气之间物质交换和能量交换的重要参数。本文通过NASAMODIS地表温度产品与常规资料的分析,发现利用MODIS资料反演的地表温度在山西省分布情况与实测资料基本一致,但应用MODIS资料反演的地表温度要小于实测数据。     

Hydrologic separation and their contributions to N loss in an agricultural catchment in hilly red soil region

The impacts of hydrological processes on N loss is of great value to understand the N transport at catchment scale,which is far from clear. Rainfall, soil water, groundwater and stream water and their N concentrations were monitored from March 2017 to February 2018 in Sunjia agricultural catchment of the red soil critical zone. Objectives of this study were:(1) to determine the dynamics of N concentration of different waters and their N loads;(2) to assess their contributions to N load of streamflow in the paddy and upland mixed agricultural catchment. Our results showed that the N concentrations of soil water(4.8 mg L~(-1)) and groundwater(6.0 mg L~(-1)) were the highest, approximately 2 to 5 times higher than those of stream water(2.7 mg L~(-1)), rain water(1.7 mg L~(-1)) and irrigation water(1.2 mg L~(-1)). The N net loss of the catchment(38.2 kg ha~(-1) yr~(-1))accounted for 15% of the total fertilizer N input. Rainy season(April–June) was a high-risk period of N loss, contributing to more than one third of the total annual loss amount. Using end-member mixing analysis model(EMMA), we found groundwater(whose discharge accounted for 25% of the catchment streamflow) was an important source for the N loss in the agricultural catchment. Even in this catchment with coexisting upland and paddy field ecosystems, identified end-members could be used to predict the N load well(R~20.87, p0.001). These results can deepen our understanding of the relationship between hydrological process and N transport in the red soil critical zone and are also helpful to improve the water and fertilizer management in subtropical agricultural catchment.     

地应变震兆异常信息提取方法研究

分析了怀来台体积应变观测资料的特点,研究了体积应变观测资料的气压干扰、仪器漂移的剔除方法和预处理后的资料分析方法,在分析中发现,振幅因子和非潮汐应变速率在1996年以来,在首都圈地区中西部发生的中强地震前,均有大小不同、持续时间不等的异常,这些参数可作为怀来地震台今后地震分析和地震中短期预测的指标。     

Evaporation from seasonally frozen bare and vegetated ground at various groundwater table depths in the Ordos Basin,Northwest China

In cold climates, the process of freezing–thawing significantly affects the ground surface heat balance and water balance. To better understand the mechanism of evaporation from seasonally frozen soils, we performed field experiments at different water table depths on vegetated and bare ground in a semiarid region in China. Soil moisture and temperature, air temperature, precipitation, and water table depths were measured over a 5‐month period (November 1, 2016, to March 14, 2017). The evaporation, which was calculated by a mass balance method, was high in the periods of thawing and low in the periods of freezing. Increased water table depth in the freezing period led to high soil moisture in the upper soil layer, whereas lower initial groundwater levels during freezing–thawing decreased the cumulative evaporation. The extent of evaporation from the bare ground was the same in summer as in winter. These results indicate that a noteworthy amount of evaporation from the bare ground is present during freezing–thawing. Finally, the roots of Salix psammophila could increase the soil temperature. This study presents an insight into the joint effects of soil moisture, temperature, ground vegetation, and water table depths on the evaporation from seasonally frozen soils. Furthermore, it also has important implications for water management in seasonally frozen areas.     

Physicochemical Conditions of the Formation of Beryl and Aquamarin in Mufushan Granopegmatite Deposit,Hunan Province,China

The formation of the Mufushan granopegmatite was closely related to the Late Yenshanian multiphase and multistage magmatic activities,More than one generation of beryl and aquamarine occur in different types of pegmatite in the granites.The presence of melt and melt-fluid inclusions strongly indicates a melt-solution character of the pegmatitic magma.Forming temperatures of the different generations of beryl in a Na^ -K^ ,Ca^2 -CO3^2--Cl^--SO4^2- solution ranges from 990℃to 200℃.Aquamarine was formed at 720-180℃.The contents of alkali metals(Na^ K^ )in th ore-formming solution of aquamarine are lower than those in the beryl,but the contents of alkali earths(Ca) and salinity are higher,The granite was generated by remelting of the basement formation(meta-sedimentary rocks of the Lengjiaxi Group)which also served as the source of ore-forming material.Beryllium in the pegmatite was transported mainly in the form of Na[Be(CO3)2],with part of it being complexed with Cl^- and SO4^2-.During the generation and evolution of the pegmatite,equilibrium might have been reached in the solid-melt-fluid or solid-fluid system.The intergranular solutions may have reacted with the early crystallized minerals,resulting in potash-feldsparization,albitization and muscovitization during which the ore-forming elements were mobilized and transported in favour of ore deposition.