不同地质背景地热系统水-岩作用下温泉水的地球化学特征——以重庆市温塘峡背斜温泉、滇东小江断裂带温泉为例

本文以重庆市温塘峡背斜和滇东小江断裂带出露温泉为例,探讨了其水文地球化学特征的差异。研究发现,由于地质背景条件基本相同,温塘峡背斜出露的温泉水文地球化学特征比较接近,水化学类型为SO4-Ca（Mg）型,而小江断裂带温泉水文地球化学特征差异较大,泉水水化学类型主要有HCO3-Na型（YN1）、HCO3-Ca型（YN2）、SO4-Ca（Mg）型（YN3和YN5）和SO4-HCO3-Ca-Na型（YN4）,这与各泉点所处地质背景条件不同有很大关系。此外,通过对Na-K-Mg和Na-K-Mg-Ca图解模型的解读得出,所有样品均未达到水-岩平衡,仅有YN1泉点样品接近完全平衡线,表明YN1接近水-岩作用平衡状态,并由上述图解模型估算得到YN1点热储温度大概为100~120℃,与运用SiO2温标计算的热储温度（133~139℃）相差不大。此外,水化学特征和Na-K-Mg-Ca图解分析也表明,YN2与温塘峡背斜温泉水-岩作用过程比较相似。     

赣南西华山钨矿床成矿流体演化特征

赣南西华山钨矿床是一个闻名中外的大型石英脉型钨矿床。为探讨成矿流体性质以及演化过程,本文对西华山石英脉型钨矿床主成矿阶段含矿石英脉中流体包裹体进行了岩相学、显微测温学研究和激光拉曼光谱分析。结果显示,西华山钨矿床的流体包裹体以H2O-NaCl型为主,局部发育H2O-NaCl-CO2型。流体热焓-盐度图解表明成矿流体以混合作用为主,局部沸腾在热液系统演化中作用不大。通过对沸腾包裹体的测温数据进行计算,得出西华山脉型钨矿成矿压力约为27～87 MPa,矿床形成深度约为1.0～3.3 km。     

祁连山南部地区三叠纪弧后前陆盆地——基于沉积填充与大地构造的证据

本文通过对祁连山南部地区三叠纪沉积充填特征的研究,建立了盆地形成过程中沉积充填与区域构造演化的关联。依据沉积充填特征、构造接触关系及区域地质背景,认为祁连山南部地区三叠纪盆地具有弧后前陆盆地的构造属性;综合分析年代学、沉积物性和盆地内部填充单元的差异划分出与柴达木岛弧带和祁连山南部弧后前陆盆地相关的区域大地构造单元。认为早三叠世-中三叠世中期,南部遭受俯冲作用持续向北挤压推覆导致盆地挠曲沉降;中三叠世中期-晚三叠世中期发生弧(东昆仑-柴北缘)-陆(巴颜喀拉地块)碰撞,祁连山南部盆地挠曲沉降增大,其间形成区域性断裂和不整合等盆地记录的地质事件;晚三叠世晚期祁连山南部盆地发生过补偿陆相填充,弧后前陆盆地消亡。

     

The U-Pb Geochronology and Lu-Hf Isotope Compositions of Detrital Zircons from the Nanhua Group of the Longsheng Region, South China and their Implications for Pan-African Events

It is unclear whether the South China blocks have an affinity with continental Gondwana due to a lack of direct Pan-African magmatic and metamorphic features. In this study, we conducted U-Pb geochronological and Lu-Hf isotopic analyses for detrital zircons from a sandstone of the Chang’an Formation of the Nanhua Group in the Longsheng region of northern Guangxi, with the aim of constraining the timing of sedimentation and information as to its source, as well as seeking evidence for Pan-African events in the South China blocks. The results show that the ages of detrital zircons peaked at 654.7 ± 6.2 Ma, 773.2 ± 4.1 Ma and 821.9 ± 6.5 Ma, with some at 920–870 Ma; the youngest age indicates the existence of the Pan-African thermal event. The εHf(t) and TDM2 values demonstrate that the study area has experienced three stages of crustal growth at 3.0–2.4 Ga, 2.1–1.5 Ga and 1.3–0.9 Ga. With intensively distributed Neoproterozoic mafic-ultramafic and granitic plutons emplaced at 830–810 Ma along the southwestern section of the Jiangnan Orogenic Belt and positive εHf(t) values from a large group of zircon grains, it is proposed that the sediments of the Chang’an Formation (of Nanhua Group) were largely sourced from the southeastern margin of the Yangtze block. Comparison with the zircon age spectra of the Cathaysian block shows that about 79% of the Pan-African aged detrital zircon grains that have TDM2 = 1352–1031 Ma and εHf(t) = 3.68–8.79, were sourced from the recycled Grenvillian crust of the Cathaysian block, suggesting that the Cathaysian block had a close connection with Gondwana.     

柱撑粘土矿物的研究新进展——新矿物材料研究综述之一

柱撑粘土矿物作为一种大层间距的多酸型层柱微孔材料,是一种性能优异的催化剂和吸附剂,本文在较全面分析前人资料的基础上,结合笔者所做的工作,对柱撑粘土矿物的制备性能表征及其应用最新研究进展进行综述与展望。     

强震的孕育规律与孕震模式

针对强震能否预测以及如何预测的科学难题,建立孕震断层多锁固段脆性破裂理论,发现强震孕育过程的指数规律：sf（k）=1.48ksc,其中sf（k）和sc分别为第k个锁固体断裂点与第一个锁固段膨胀起点对应的累加Be-nioff应变,可以利用锁固段在其变形膨胀点处开始发生的震群事件（加速性地震活动前兆）预测未来大震,并给出了强震四要素相关预测方法。通过对诸多历史强震（如邢台地震、海城地震、汶川地震、玉树地震等）的回溯性检验分析表明：强震可以预测,且其孕震过程都遵循着上述简单的共性力学规律。在此基础上,归纳出4种典型强震的孕震模式,即大震震级呈＂大—小—大＂型,大震震级呈连续上升型,锁固段快速连续破裂型与标准型。此外,根据相关强震预测理论方法,对有关抗震救灾未来研究的方向提出如下建议：建议加强活动断裂位置精确定位、性质判定的地震地质研究,并开展孕震区锁固段（闭锁区域）判识的地质与地球物理研究等。     

Benthic nutrient fluxes in the intertidal flat within the Changjiang （Yangtze River） Estuary

In an annual cycle from March 2005 to February 2006, benthic nutrient fluxes were measured monthly in the Dongtan intertidal flat within the Changjiang （Yangtze River） Estuary. Except for NH4^＋, there always showed high fluxes from overlying water into sediment for other four nutrients. Sediments in the high and middle marshes, covered with halophyte and consisting of macrofauna, demonstrated more capabilities of assimilating nutrients from overlying water than the low marsh. Sampling seasons and nutrient concentrations in the overlying water could both exert significant effects on these fluxes. Additionally, according to the model provided by previous study, denitrification rates, that utilizing NO3- transported from overlying water （Dw） in Dongtan sediments, were estimated to be from -16 to 193 μmol·h^-1·m^-2 with an average value of 63 μmol·h^-1·m^-2 （n=18）. These estimated values are still underestimates of the in-situ rates owing to the lack of consideration of DN, i.e., denitrification supported by the local NO3^- production via nitrification.     

再悬浮条件下沉积物内源磷迁移-转化机制研究进展

对沉积物再悬浮的驱动力及其耦合效应、再悬浮-内源磷迁移转化机制及主要影响因素进行了阐述,探讨了该领域未来可能的研究方向。相关研究发现,沉积物再悬浮的各种驱动力既可以单独作用也可相互耦合,其耦合效应具有显著的时空变异性;再悬浮使还原态沉积物暴露于有氧环境,沉积物中铁、锰的氧化以及沉积物颗粒的吸附促进了内源水溶态无机磷(SRP)的去除,而进入水体的内源有机磷则通过生物矿化和光化学分解转化为SRP;沉积物物化特征、水动力、水生生物以及水体理化性质等因素控制着再悬浮过程中内源磷的迁移和转化。指出再悬浮条件下沉积物内源磷迁移转化的多过程耦合效应、沉积物中磷形态的转化及其生物有效性、内源有机磷矿化与光化学分解机制及其调控因素将是本领域需要进一步研究的重点。     

油铀兼探的找矿思路在松辽盆地的应用——以中央拗陷区南部为例

以"油铀兼探"的找矿思路,带动松辽盆地中南部开展砂岩型铀矿调查选区及钻探验证工作.将异常强度250 API和450 API确定为划分潜在铀矿孔、潜在铀矿化孔和正常孔的关键技术指标,对中央拗陷区南部1572个钻孔进行异常筛查工作.排查发现潜在铀矿孔362个,潜在铀矿化孔223个.对191号钻孔和36号钻孔进行钻探验证,发现1个工业孔、1个异常孔.认为区内寻找砂岩型铀矿的有利地段为油田区反转构造形成的隆起区边部四方台组河流相砂体,并总结了中央拗陷区南部6种主要控矿因素.     

Cambrian-Early Ordovician intrusive bodies in Dunhuang Block: Records of Paleo-Asian Ocean subduction and implications for regional Early Paleozoic tectonic evolutionSCIEI北大核心CSCD

一直以来,敦煌地块缺少1.6-0.46Ga的地质记录,从而严重制约了对该地块在新元古代和早古生代期间地质构造演化的全面认识。通过1:5万区域地质调查,本次工作在敦煌地块东北缘新发现了寒武纪-早奥陶世小宛山岩体、截山子岩体和小宛南岩体等多个中酸性侵入体,测得其LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄分别为517±3Ma、480±3Ma和473±3Ma,由此厘定出敦煌地块目前古生代最古老的侵入岩体及早奥陶世侵入岩体。通过这些岩体的岩石岩相学、岩石地球化学特征、岩石成因及大地构造环境分析,表明它们属于与洋壳俯冲消减作用有关的活动陆缘环境下形成的富钠质I型花岗岩。其中,小宛山花岗闪长质岩体是在低压低温条件下由玄武质地幔楔部分熔融而成,同时受到俯冲流体的强烈交代;截山子岩体和小宛南岩体则是在高压低温富水条件下,由新生镁铁质洋壳发生部分熔融并受到地幔楔强烈混染而形成,虽然它们均属于(类)O型埃达克岩,但其部分熔融的压力及其残留矿物组合不同。上述研究揭示敦煌地块北缘早古生代517Ma就存在俯冲作用,且至少持续了44Myr。结合区域地质资料和以往研究成果,敦煌地块北缘早古生代洋陆转换过程可分为三个阶段:(1)晚震旦世-早寒武世(574-518Ma),敦煌地块北缘被动陆缘演化阶段;(2)寒武纪第二世-早奥陶世(517-471Ma),敦煌地块北缘活动陆缘演化阶段,期间,古亚洲洋南支洋分别向敦煌地块和石板山地块/马鬃山地块发生双向俯冲消减;(3)中奥陶世-早泥盆世(464-412Ma),敦煌地块与石板山地块/马鬃山地块碰撞造山阶段,期间古亚洲洋南支洋闭合。