基于空间自相关的东莞市主体功能区划分简

中国“十一五”规划纲要明确提出,根据资源环境承载能力、现有开发密度和发展潜力,统筹考虑未来中国人口分布、经济布局、国土利用和城镇化格局,将国土空间划分为优化开发、重点开发、限制开发和禁止开发四类主体功能区。至今已有不少学者开展主体功能区划分研究,但所用方法工作量大,或带有一定的主观性,且未考虑同类功能区集聚或分散程度。因此提出利用遗传算法改进传统聚类方法,自动划分主体功能区,在划分过程中考虑区域的全局空间自相关特性,使同类功能区在空间上呈集聚分布的格局。以近年来城市快速扩张的东莞市为例,验证了此方法的可行性,能简单有效地进行主体功能区划分。与常用的K-means聚类方法相比,新方法划分结果更符合实际情况,能进一步推广应用到其它地区的主体功能区划分。     

闽江流域水体氨氮降解系数实验模拟研究

本研究采用模拟实验对闽江流域氨氮的降解规律进行研究,降解系数采用稳态一维降解模型进行分析计算,闽江上游流域氨氮的平均降解系数为0.140~0.260 d-1,中下游流域氨氮的平均降解系数为0.099~0.203 d-1。结果表明,闽江上游流域氨氮自净能力比中下游流域的自净能力好,古田溪断面的氨氮平均降解系数低于全国的平均值,说明氨氮自净能力相对较弱,本研究为确定流域水环境容量和纳污能力及制定污染物总量控制提供科学依据。     

1981—2010年台湾热不适指数之时空特征

本研究分析1981—2010年间台湾地区生物气象不适指数（Discomfort Index,DI）在空间上的分布及时间上变化的趋势,结果显示不适指数的区域差异及时间上变化和趋势均相当明显。以月平均来看,台湾主要都市有将近半年的不舒适时间（DI≥24）,而夏季7—8月份主要都市地区更达到极度不舒适的程度（DI≥27）。海拔〉600 m的山区全年的生物气象环境皆属于舒适的范围。1981—2010年全年DI≥24及DI≥27日数的分析结果显示,30年间台湾中南部都市不舒适和极端不舒适日数皆有显著增加的趋势,北部的都市则没有明显的变化,东部地区几个都市则没有一致的结果。夏季7—8月份每日主要都市气候极端不舒适（DI≥27）的状况由8：00开始一直持续至晚上18：00,而12：00—13：00甚至接近热逆压（DI≥29）的等级,对人体健康可能造成危害。此外30年间大多数测站从夜间至清晨,不适指数皆呈现上升的趋势,使得夏季的不舒适的时间延长同时不舒适的程度加剧。气候变迁可能导致人类生物气象环境的变化,对处于热带及副热带气候交界,且有剧烈地形变化的台湾,持续观察环境舒适程度的变动,以及在数据可获得条件下再深入比较不同指数的应用性,是极具潜力而值得努力的研究方向。     

强迫摇荡运动三维球体水动力系数的CFD计算

采用计算流体力学(CFD)的雷诺平均法(RANS方法),并考虑了自由表面的影响(采用VOF方法模拟自由表面),来模拟三维球体的单自由度强迫摇荡运动,得到纵荡、升沉及横摇的附加质量与阻尼系数。该数值模拟结果与三维势流理论计算的结果进行比较,趋势基本一致,但CFD方法更能凸显粘性的作用。本文所应用方法能合理给出浮式结构物的水动力系数,更精确描述海洋浮式结构物周围的流场,可应用于船舶与海洋工程浮式结构物的水动力性能研究。     

基于遥感的滨海湿地退化及其驱动力研究

文章以1997~2008年为时间尺度,研究珠海市滨海湿地的动态变化。在对研究区域进行实地调查的基础上,以1997、2000、2004、2008年4期Thematic Mapper(专题测图仪)影像为信息源,结合其他调查统计资料,以地理信息系统作为支撑,建立了适合珠海市的滨海湿地分类系统,提取了滨海湿地的相关信息。在此基础上选取珠海市的一些社会经济指标,借助统计分析软件SPSS,利用典型相关分析方法,揭示了各类湿地面积变化与社会、经济各要素之间的相关关系,对引起滨海湿地变化的驱动力进行了研究。     

带Sobolev临界指数的非齐次拟线性椭圆型方程正解的存在性

在RN上讨论带临界项的拟线性椭圆型方程正解的存在性问题。在一个正锥上应用Ekeland变分原理构造一个比P.S(.)c序列要弱的序列,通过证明该序列具有相对紧性,得到一个弱正上解,进而利用上下解方法得出所研究的问题至少存在一个弱正解。     

Evaluation of the biological toxicity of fluorine in Antarctic krill

Antarctic krill is a potentially nutritious food source for humans, but fluorine(F) toxicity is a matter of concern. To evaluate the toxicity of F in Antarctic krill, 30 Wistar rats were divided into three groups with different dietary regimens: a control group, a krill treatment group(150 mg·kg-1 F), and a sodium fluoride(NaF) treatment group(150 mg·kg-1 F). After three months, F concentrations in feces, plasma, and bone were determined, and the degree of dental and skeletal fluorosis was assessed. The F concentrations in plasma and bone from the krill treatment group were 0.167 0±0.020 4 mg.L-1 and 2 709.8±301.9 mg·kg-1, respectively, compared with 0.043 8±0.005 5 mg·L-1 and 442.4±60.7 mg·kg-1, respectively, in samples from the control group. Concentrations of F in plasma and bone in the krill treatment group were higher than in the control group, but lower than in the NaF treatment group. The degree of dental fluorosis in the krill treatment group was moderate, compared with severe in the NaF treatment group and normal in the control group. The degree of skeletal fluorosis did not change significantly in any group. These results showed that the toxicity of F in Antarctic krill was lower than for an equivalent concentration of F in NaF, but it was toxic for rats consuming krill in large quantities. To conclude, we discuss possible reasons for the reduced toxicity of F in Antarctic krill. The present study provides a direct toxicological reference for the consideration of Antarctic krill for human consumption.     

Assessment of Historical Climate Trends of Surface Air Temperature in CMIP5 Models

This study assesses the historical climate trends of surface air temperature（SAT）, their spatial distributions, and the hindcast skills for SAT during 1901– 2000 from 24 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5（CMIP5） models. For the global averaged SAT, most of the models（17/24） effectively captured the increasing trends（0.64°C/century for the ensemble mean） as the observed values（- 0.6°C/century） during the period of 1901–2000, particularly during a rapid warming period of 1970–2000 with the small model spread. In addition, most of the models（22/24） showed high hindcast skills（the correlation coefficient, R 〉 0.8）. For the spatial pattern of SAT, the models better simulated the relatively larger warming at the middle-to-high latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere than that in the Southern Hemisphere and the greater warming on the land than that in the ocean between 40°S and 40°N. The simulations underestimated the warming along some ocean boundaries but overestimated warming in the Arctic Ocean. Most of the coupled models were able to reproduce the large-scale features of SAT trends in most regions excluding Antarctica, some parts of the Pacific Ocean, the North Atlantic Ocean near Greenland, the southwestern Indian Ocean, and the Arctic Ocean. The outgoing longwave radiation（OLR） and incoming shortwave radiation（ISR） at the top of the atmosphere（TOA） and the downward longwave（LW） radiation and sensible heat flux at the surface had positive contributions to the increasing trends in most of the models.     

The Relationship between the East Asian Subtropical Westerly Jet and Summer Precipitation over East Asia as Simulated by the IAP AGCM4.0

Based on a 30-year Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project（AMIP） simulation using IAP AGCM4.0, the relationship between the East Asian subtropical westerly jet（EASWJ） and summer precipitation over East Asia has been investigated, and compared with observation. It was found the meridional displacement of the EASWJ has a closer relationship with the precipitation over East Asia both from model simulation and observation, with an anomalous southward shift of EASWJ being conducive to rainfall over the Yangtze-Huaihe River Valley（YHRV）, and an anomalous northward shift resulting in less rainfall over the YHRV. However, the simulated precipitation anomalies were found to be weaker than observed from the composite analysis, and this would be related to the weakly reproduced mid-upper-level convergence in the mid-high latitudes and ascending motion in the lower latitudes.     

白令海颗粒有机物碳、氮同位素组成及其生物地球化学意义

Stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic composition of particulate organic matter(POM) were measured for samples collected from the Bering Sea in 2010 summer. Particulate organic carbon(POC) and particulate nitrogen(PN) showed high concentrations in the shelf and slope regions and decreased with depth in the slope and basin, indicating that biological processes play an important role on POM distribution. The low C/N ratio and heavy isotopic composition of POM, compared to those from the Alaska River, suggested a predominant contribution of marine biogenic organic matter in the Bering Sea. The fact that δ13C and δ15N generally increased with depth in the Bering Sea basin demonstrated that organic components with light carbon or nitrogen were decomposed preferentially during their transport to deep water. However, the high δ13C and δ15N observed in shelf bottom water were mostly resulted from sediment resuspension.