福建省GNSS连续观测台网建设

对建设中的福建省GNSS连续观测台网的建设目标、设计指导思想、台站布网原则、技术与设备方案等方面进行了简述。福建省GNSS连续观测台网将在原有GPS连续观测站的基础上再新建30个GNSS连续观测站,连续观测站将达到41个。台网建成后,能有效监测福建省内各主要断裂带的地壳运动、重力和水准变化,同时也可为福建省内用户提供导航与定位服务。     

地下流体化学动态频谱分析及应用初探

地震观测数据受各种周期性因素影响,其动态曲线表现为周期性变化特征,是大小不同的周期和非周期因素相互作用的结果。利用MATLAB工具包编程幅频分析和滤波程序,以福州乌鸦咀泉水氧的模拟观测数据为例。对其幅频谱特征和震例进行初步探讨。     

Estimating leaf area index by inversion of reflectance model for semiarid natural grasslands

The study developed an integrated reflectance model combining radiative transfer and geometric optical properties in order to inverse leaf area index (LAI) of semiarid natural grasslands. In order to better link remote sensing information with land plants, and facilitate regional and global climate change studies, the model introduced a simple but important geometrical similarity parameter related to plant crown shapes. The model revealed the influences of different plant crown shapes (such as spherical, cylindrical/cuboidal and conic crowns) on leaf/branch angle distribution frequencies, shadow ground coverage, shadowed or sunlit background fractions, canopy reflectance, and scene reflectance. The modeled reflectance data agreed with the measured ones in the three Leymus chinensis steppes with different degradation degrees, which validated the reflectance model. The lower the degradation degree was, the better the modeled data agreed with the measured data. After this reflectance model was coupled with the optimization inversion method, LAI over the entire study region was estimated once every eight days using the eight-day products of surface reflectance obtained by multi-spectral Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) during the growing seasons in 2002. The temporal and spatial patterns of inversed LAI for the steppes with different cover degrees, swamps, flood plains, and croplands agreed with the general laws and measurements very well. But for unused land cover types (sands, saline, and barren lands) and forestlands, totally accounting for about 10% of the study region, the reasonable LAI values were not derived by inversing, requiring further revising of the model or the development of a new model for them. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 30500076), the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2007CB714407), and the President Foundation of Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. YZJJ200205)     

气候变化对长江黄河源区生态系统的影响及其水文效应

利用1967年航片数据、1986和2000年两期遥感TM数据,对长江黄河源区高寒生态系统分布格局变化进行了分析,并结合源区气候变化观测数据,分析了源区高寒生态系统变化与气候的关系和陆面生态系统变化对源区水文过程的影响。结果表明：过去40 a来,长江源区高覆盖草甸、高覆盖草原和湿地面积分别减少了13.5%、3.6%和28.9%,黄河源区高覆盖草甸、高覆盖草原和湿地面积分别减少了23.2%、7.0%和13.6%,江河源区低覆盖草甸、草原和沙漠草地面积均不同程度地增加;长江、黄河源区气温变化率分别为0.27和0.31℃/10a,降水的变化趋势在长江、黄河源区分别以0.36和0.07 mm/a的速率递增,气温持续升高和由此引起的冻土退化是导致高寒生态系统退化的主要因素之一;陆面生态系统退化对源区水文过程影响显著,在降水没有明显变化的情况下,长江、黄河源区径流系数分别由1960年代的0.16和0.28下降到21世纪的0.12和0.21,且降水－径流关系减弱,出源径流趋于减少,洪水发生频率显著增加,水源涵养指数持续减小。如何应对气候变化,维护源区高寒生态系统功能,已成为迫切需要关注和解决的关键问题。     

空孔直眼掏槽成腔模型理论与实践分析

空孔直眼掏槽是隧道或井巷掘进的主要方法之一。基于典型空孔掏槽炮眼布置,分析了掏槽眼爆破形成空腔的物理力学过程;建立了空腔形成的物理和力学模型;研究了腔内碎石在高压爆生气体作用下的抛射过程;得出了空腔尺寸的理论计算方法。槽腔岩石介质破碎和外端部漏斗形成取决于掏槽眼装药爆炸动作用;碎石的抛出率与炸药性质、岩石性质和爆破参数有关。理论分析与在某矿进行的48次试验结果有较好的吻合性。     

半胱胺盐酸盐和LHRH-A对黄鳍鲷生长激素分泌的影响

研究了生长抑素抑制剂半胱胺盐酸盐(CSH)和促黄体素释放激素类似物(LHRH-A)对黄鳍鲷生长激素(GH)分泌的影响.黄鳍鲷垂体GH含量在单独注射不同剂量CSH(25,50,100μg/gb.w)后2h均显著提高,注射后24h恢复正常.黄鳍鲷血清中GH水平在注射CSH(100μg/gb.w)后2h和CSH(25,50μg/gb.w)后6h均明显提高.单独注射LHRH-A(0.1μg/gb.w)后2h黄鳍鲷垂体GH含量和血清中GH水平均明显提高.注射CSH和LHRH-A后6h垂体GH含量明显高于单独注射CSH或LHRH-A,而血清GH水平在注射后12h明显高于单独注射CSH或LHRH-A.结果表明CSH和LHRH-A都能明显刺激黄鳍鲷垂体合成和释放GH,并且与CSH作用存在剂量依存关系,CSH和LHRH-A联合注射比单独注射作用更明显,作用的时间更持久.     

Variational iteration solving method for El Nino phenomenon atmospheric physics of nonlinear model

A class of El Nino atmospheric physics oscillation model is considered. The El Nino atmospheric physics oscillation is an abnormal phenomenon involved in the tropical Pacific ocean-atmosphere interactions. The conceptual oscillator model should consider the variations of both the eastern and westem Pacific anomaly patterns. An El Nino atmospheric physics model is proposed using a method for the variational iteration theory. Using the variational iteration method, the approximate expansions of the solution of corresponding problem are constructed. That is, firstly, introducing a set of functional and accounting their variationals, the Lagrange multiplicators are counted, and then the variational iteration is defined, finally, the approximate solution is obtained. From approximate expansions of the solution, the zonal sea surface temperature anomaly in the equatorial eastern Pacific and the thermocline depth anomaly of the seaair oscillation for El Nino atmospheric physics model can be analyzed. El Nino is a very complicated natural phenomenon. Hence basic models need to be reduced for the sea-air oscillator and are solved. The variational iteration is a simple and valid approximate method.     

荧光显微镜细菌计数方法研究

介绍了细菌荧光显微镜直接计数法的基本原理、仪器设备、分析和计算方法,并对水样过滤操作方法作了一些改进。大量实验数据表明改进的操作方法对实验结果不会产生影响,更加利于对海洋微生物指标的监测。