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101.
利用案例推理(CBR)方法对雷达图像进行土地利用分类 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
提出了基于案例推理 (CBR)的遥感分类的新方法。基于规则的专家系统被用来提高遥感分类的效率。但所涉及的规则可能多达上百或上千条 ,有的问题根本无法用规则来表达。CBR只是根据以往的案例进行推理 ,克服了基于规则的推理方法的不足 ,可以用来解决一些复杂的资源环境问题。利用CBR和模糊数学结合 ,并通过分层随机采样来控制案例在空间上的分布 ,以反映复杂环境所造成的光谱变化 ,由此解决遥感分类中的“同物异谱”现象。实验表明 ,所建立的案例库可以被重复多次使用 ,分类的效果比监督分类和非监督分类要好。 相似文献
102.
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104.
The aim of the study was to assess the environment-health development in different regions of China. 175 indicators, such as average life expectancy at birth, emission intensity of waste gas, GDP etc. were chosen to describe various aspects of the environment, health and development of China. Of all the indicators, life expectancy can sufficiently reflect health situation of population. Consequently, life expectancy was identified as key indicator, and 42 out of 175 indicators were selected for establishing the environment-health indicator framework with three grades of integrative indices to assess the development of environment-health of China. Based on the hierarchical relation between various grades of indices, the comprehensive environment-health index was calculated and contributed to classify the environment-health situation of 30 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in China which were divided into five grades by four predefined limits. Comprehensive assessment indicates that the environment-health situation of the eastern and coastal areas is superior to that of inland which is the western regions with underdeveloped economy and rigorous natural condition. Especially, the Qinghai-Tibet and Yunnan-Guizhou plateaus in southwestern China are most vulnerable in the environment and population health. These fit in with the pattern of national socio-economic development, which fully shows that socio-economic context plays a dominant role in the improvement of environment-health in China. 相似文献
105.
南半球对流层气候年代际变化及其与太阳活动的联系 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
通过南半球对流层温度场谱分析和逐次滤波分析发现,南半球对流层大气温度场半个多世纪以来呈现明显的持续升温趋势,升温幅度由低层到高层逐步增加,其中地面层1 000 hPa年升温率为0.013℃/a,对流层中部500 hPa年升温率为0.019℃/ a,对流层上部300 hPa年升温率为0.036℃/ a;滤除南半球大气温度场的趋势变化,发现南半球大气温度场从地面层直至对流层顶广泛盛行着十分显著的与太阳磁场磁性22年周期变化相一致的变化周期。太阳磁场磁性周期变化趋势略有超前,分析认为,这是南半球对流层大气气候系统对太阳磁场周期性变化的响应。进一步分析还发现,南半球从地面层1 000 hPa到对流层顶,再到平流层中部10 hPa各层次大气温度变化22年周期分量振荡位相基本一致,周期振幅由低层到高层迅速增大,说明太阳磁场变化对对流层高层比低层影响大,对平流层影响更大。其中地面层1 000 hPa温度场的22年变化周期是在滤除趋势变化和11年周期之后才显现出来的,所以太阳磁场磁性周期变化对地面层气候的影响较小并且经常处于被掩盖状态;南半球地面层1 000 hPa温度场滤除趋势变化之后显示出十分显著的与太阳活动11年周期相一致的变化周期,分析认为,这是南半球对流层大气气候系统对太阳活动11周期性变化的响应。对流层上层300 hPa温度场滤除趋势变化和22年周期之后也显示出11年变化周期,而对流层中部500 hPa则无此周期反应,说明太阳活动11年周期对地面层1 000 hPa大气气候影响最明显,对流层中上层影响较弱。 相似文献
106.
文章指出了影响水体下巷道安全掘进的相关因素,总结出计算安全掘进距离的经验公式,为实际工作中评估水体下掘进的安全程度,提供了一个科学的方法. 相似文献
107.
108.
通过对桩侧和桩底后压浆,可大幅度提高钻孔灌注桩单桩承载力.应用桩-土理论分析了后压浆中浆液对土体及桩体的作用,并从分析影响桩基承载力的因素出发,研究了后压浆的作用机理.在渗透率小的地层中后压浆以压密注浆为主,在渗透率大的地层中后压浆以渗透注浆为主.为避免过分压裂土层,在压浆过程中应控制灌浆压力.压浆量是影响后压浆质量和提高单桩承载力的关键因素之一. 相似文献
109.
M. Koch-Müller P. Dera Y. Fei H. Hellwig Z. Liu J. Van Orman R. Wirth 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2005,32(5-6):349-361
We synthesized superhydrous phase B (shy-B) at 22 GPa and two different temperatures: 1200°C (LT) and 1400°C (HT) using a
multi-anvil apparatus. The samples were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), single crystal X-ray diffraction,
Raman and IR spectroscopy. The IR spectra were collected on polycrystalline thin-films and single crystals using synchrotron
radiation, as well as a conventional IR source at ambient conditions and in situ at various pressures (up to 15 GPa) and temperatures
(down to −180°C). Our studies show that shy-B exists in two polymorphic forms. As expected from crystal chemistry, the LT
polymorph crystallizes in a lower symmetry space group (Pnn2), whereas the HT polymorph assumes a higher symmetry space group (Pnnm). TEM shows that both modifications consist of nearly perfect crystals with almost no lattice defects or inclusions of additional
phases. IR spectra taken on polycrystalline thin films exhibit just one symmetric OH band and 29 lattice modes for the HT
polymorph in contrast to two intense but asymmetric OH stretching bands and at least 48 lattice modes for the LT sample. The
IR spectra differ not only in the number of bands, but also in the response of the bands to changes in pressure. The pressure
derivatives for the IR bands are higher for the HT polymorph indicating that the high symmetry form is more compressible than
the low symmetry form. Polarized, low-temperature single-crystal IR spectra indicate that in the LT-polymorph extensive ordering
occurs not only at the Mg sites but also at the hydrogen sites. 相似文献
110.
Shantanu Keshav Alexandre Corgne Michael Bizimis Yingwei Fei 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2005,69(11):2829-2845
In this experimental study, we examine the mineral-melt partitioning of major and trace elements between clinopyroxene and CO2-rich kimberlitic melts at a pressure of 6 GPa and temperatures of 1410°C and 1430°C. The melts produced contain ∼ 28 wt% dissolved CO2, and are saturated with olivine and clinopyroxene. To assess the effects of temperature, crystal and melt compositions on trace element partitioning, experiments were performed in the model CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-CO2 system. Our results reveal that all the elements studied, except Al, Mg, Si, and Ga, are incompatible in clinopyroxene. Partition coefficients show a considerable range in magnitude, from ∼ 10−3 for DU and DBa to ∼ 2.5 for DSi. The two experimental runs show similar overall partitioning patterns with the D values being lower at 1430°C. Rare earth elements display a wide range of partition coefficients, DLa (0.012-0.026) being approximately one order of magnitude lower than DLu (0.18-0.23). Partition coefficients for the 2+ and 3+ cations entering the M2-site exhibit a near-parabolic dependence on radius of the incorporated cations as predicted from the lattice strain model. This underlines the contribution made by the crystal structure toward controlling the distribution of trace elements. Using data obtained in this study combined with that in the published literature, we also discuss the effects that other important parameters, namely, melt composition, pressure, and temperature, could have on partitioning.Our partition coefficients have been used to model the generation of the Group I (GI) kimberlites from South Africa. The numerical modeling shows that kimberlitic melts can be produced by ∼0.5% melting of a MORB-type depleted source that has been enriched by small-degree melts originating from a similar depleted source. This result suggests that the source of GI kimberlites may be located at the lithosphere-asthenosphere transition. Percolation of small degree melts from the asthenosphere would essentially create a metasomatic horizon near the bottom of the non-convecting sublithospheric mantle. Accumulation of such small degree melts together with the presence of volatiles and conductive heating would trigger melting of the ambient mantle and subsequently lead to eruption of kimberlitic melts. Additionally, our model shows that the GI source can be generated by metasomatism of a 2 Ga old MORB source ca. 1 Ga ago. Assuming that MORB-type mantle is the most depleted source of magmas on earth, then this is the oldest age at which the GI source could have existed. However, this age most likely reflects the average age of a series of metasomatic events than that of a single event. 相似文献