翠湖湿地公园水生植物资源及其保护与管理

翠湖湿地公园是北京市唯一一家国家级城市湿地公园。2009-2012年水生植物资源调查结果显示:翠湖湿地公园有水生植物52种,隶属于24科37属;其中挺水植物物种最多,其次是沉水植物和浮叶植物,漂浮植物种类最少。在这些水生植物中,不仅包括北方湿地的典型植物物种,而且还具有重点保护的珍贵稀有物种,如莲、芡实、茭白、花蔺、黑三棱等,以及急需得到保护的狸藻和水鳖。根据湿地植物类型应采取相应的管理和保护措施,保持翠湖湿地公园生态系统的健康。     

Microbial respiratory quinones as indicator of ecophysiological redox conditions

The bacterial respiratory quinones and membrane phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) were measured to test the biochemical responses to the redox conditions after the respiration of diverse electron acceptors by microorganisms. Shewanella putrefaciens strain CN32 was examined for its growth with O₂, nitrate, ferrihydrite, ferric citrate, and sulfite as electron acceptors. The same parameters were also measured for Desulfovibrio desulfuricans strain G-20, Geobacter metallireducens strain GS-15, Thioploca spp., two strains of magnetotactic bacteria (Magneteospirilum magnetotactium marine vibrioid strain MV-1 and M. sp. strain AMB-1), and environmental sediments. Microorganisms with aerobic respiratory of oxygen (MV-1 and AMB-1) have high ratios of monounsaturated to saturated straight chain PLFA and ubiquinone to menaquinone ratios; while those that conduct strict anaerobic respirations (G-20 with sulfate and GS-15 with ferric iron) have low ratios of monounsaturated to saturated straight chain PLFA and uniquinone to menaquinone ratios. The facultative respiratory of nitrate (Thioploca) has these parameters in the middle. The ratios of menaquinones to ubiquinones in CN32 cells systematically increase according to the increase of redox potential and bioavalibility of electron acceptors. The correlation between σUQ-n/σMK-n ratios and redox conditions indicates the structure of respiratory quinone responses sensitively to the microbial ecophysiological conditions.     

分布式流域水文模型水量过程模拟——以黄河河源区为例

文章分析了分布式水文模型、遥感和地理信息系统技术在流域径流模拟过程中的结合点,采用数字网格技术,以流域水量变化对地表土地覆被和气候变化响应过程为目的,讨论利用分布式水文模型研究下垫面和气候变化下流域水量响应过程的一般方法,并以黄河河源区为实例进行验证。     

长江三峡地区全新世环境演变及其古文化响应

依据长江三峡地区大九湖和玉溪剖面AMS14C测年数据(校正为日历年)建立了约9.3～2ka BP高分辨率多环境代用指标(δ13C、K、腐殖化度、抱粉总浓度、Rb、Sr及Rb/Sr)的变化曲线,并在此基础上与研究区周边反映全新世气候环境变化的不同沉积记录进行综合对比分析.与此同时,本文还通过对研究区古遗址和古洪水层的统计分析,获取了本区新石器以来古文化兴衰变迁和古洪水发生的完整信息.研究结果表明:(1)本区全新世大暖期约出现在7.6～4 ka BP.9.3～7.6 ka BP,本区气候极不稳定,波动幅度大,总体上冷湿,多次出现显著的降温或干旱事件(9.1、8.2和7.7 ka BP前后);4～2 ka BP,本区气候较此前偏干凉,且波动频繁.(2)7.6～ka BP的大暖期分为三个演变阶段:即6～5 ka BP为大暖期的鼎盛期,气候稳定,温暖湿润,植被及生态条件优越,洪水发生频率低;7.6～6 ka BP和5～4 ka BP为大暖期中具有不稳定特征的过渡期,其中5～4 ka BP及4 ka BP前后的降温事件仍较显著,且多发洪水.(3)本区史前古文化的主要形成发展期与大暖期持续阶段相对应,其中耕作业相对发达的大溪文化繁荣期出现在大暖期中的鼎盛阶段(约6～5 ka BP),大溪文化前后处于低潮及表现为衰退现象的古文化则对应气候环境的不稳定期,总体上,研究区古文化响应气候环境变化的主要方式是通过改变其生业结构的途径来实现的.     

扬子地台东南缘黑色岩系(荷塘组)地球化学研究

扬子地台东南缘下寒武统荷塘组地层代表性剖面,主要由碳质硅度泥岩及硅质岩类石煤层组成,黑色岩系则分布于底部,岩石为层状,岩性为磷块岩或含磷结核硅质岩,其稀土元素在含钼钒高碳泥岩中富集,稀土总量达233.43×10-6~258.95×10-6,其他岩层的稀土元素总量在89.15×10-6~144.70×10-6之间;相对富轻稀土,轻重稀土、轻稀土分馏作用明显,重稀土分馏作用不明显;铕、铈负异常(δEu值0.55~0.71,δCe值0.46~0.88,(La/Yb)N平均值4.65~10.89;(La/Sm)N平均值9.55~18.44,(Gd/Lu)N平均值0.91~1.67)。沉积的构造环境为被动的大陆边缘,沉积环境为干燥气候的还原环境,不同的古地理条件或海平面的升降,造成了稀土元素特征的差异。     

基于匹配追踪和遗传算法的大地电磁噪声压制

针对匹配追踪计算量大、大地电磁数据处理效率低的问题,提出基于匹配追踪和遗传算法的大地电磁噪声压制方法.首先,利用Gabor原子构建过完备原子库,并对过完备原子库集合进行划分.然后,借助遗传算法的自适应性,快速搜寻最优匹配原子及所在位置.最后,运用最优匹配原子对待处理信号进行稀疏分解,重构有用信号.通过对计算机模拟的典型强干扰和矿集区实测大地电磁数据进行分析处理,实验结果表明,相对于匹配追踪和正交匹配追踪,文中所提方法能从过完备原子库中快速、自适应地选取最优匹配原子与不同噪声干扰类型高精度的匹配,极大地提升了计算效率;大地电磁时间域序列中的大尺度强干扰被有效剔除,视电阻率曲线更为光滑、连续,低频段的数据质量得到明显改善.

     

论青藏高原及邻区板片构造的一个新模式

本文首先论述了板块学说提出的过程和存在的一些不足与疑问,特别是该学说将Holmes（1948）的地幔热对流说作为驱使岩石圈板块运动的动力机制.而后又以青藏高原及邻区为例,根据区域地质、蛇绿岩和地质构造研究的成果,特别是地震测深研究的成果,详细地论证了本区不存在有大洋中脊扩张成为大洋盆地的新大洋和大洋板块简单的B型俯冲模式,但存在有海底扩张的陆间海和海洋地壳板片（蛇绿岩构造岩片）的仰冲以及大陆岩石圈板片复杂的A型俯冲新模式.新模式不是以地幔对流运动,而是以扩张分离A型俯冲的大陆岩石圈板片与软流圈之间的水平剪切相对运动机制作为它的躯动力.     

QUATERNARY FOLDING OF THE XIHU ANTICLINE BELT ALONG FORELAND BASIN OF NORTH TIANSHAN

Tianshan is one of the longest and most active intracontinental orogenic belts in the world. Due to the collision between Indian and Eurasian plates since Cenozoic, the Tianshan has been suffering from intense compression, shortening and uplifting. With the continuous extension of deformation to the foreland direction, a series of active reverse fault fold belts have been formed. The Xihu anticline is the fourth row of active fold reverse fault zone on the leading edge of the north Tianshan foreland basin. For the north Tianshan Mountains, predecessors have carried out a lot of research on the activity of the second and third rows of the active fold-reverse faults, and achieved fruitful results. But there is no systematic study on the Quaternary activities of the Xihu anticline zone. How is the structural belt distributed in space?What are the geometric and kinematic characteristics?What are the fold types and growth mechanism?How does the deformation amount and characteristics of anticline change?In view of these problems, we chose Xihu anticline as the research object. Through the analysis of surface geology, topography and geomorphology and the interpretation of seismic reflection profile across the anticline, we studied the geometry, kinematic characteristics, fold type and growth mechanism of the structural belt, and calculated the shortening, uplift and interlayer strain of the anticline by area depth strain analysis.
In this paper, by interpreting the five seismic reflection profiles across the anticline belt, and combining the characteristics of surface geology and geomorphology, we studied the types, growth mechanism, geometry and kinematics characteristics, and deformation amount of the fold. The deformation length of Xihu anticline is more than 47km from west to east, in which the hidden length is more than 14km. The maximum deformation width of the exposed area is 8.5km. The Xihu anticline is characterized by small surface deformation, simple structural style and symmetrical occurrence. The interpretation of seismic reflection profile shows that the deep structural style of the anticline is relatively complex. In addition to the continuous development of a series of secondary faults in the interior of Xihu anticline, an anticline with small deformation amplitude(Xihubei anticline)is continuously developed in the north of Xihu anticline. The terrain high point of Xihu anticline is located about 12km west of Kuitun River. The deformation amplitude decreases rapidly to the east and decreases slowly to the west, which is consistent with the interpretation results of seismic reflection profile and the calculation results of shortening. The Xihu anticline is a detachment fold with the growth type of limb rotation. The deformation of Xihu anticline is calculated by area depth strain analysis method. The shortening of five seismic reflection sections A, B, C, D and E is(650±70) m, (1 070±70) m, (780±50) m, (200±40) m and(130±30) m, respectively. The shortening amount is the largest near the seismic reflection profile B of the anticline, and decreases gradually along the strike to the east and west ends of the anticline, with a more rapidly decrease to the east, which indicates that the topographic high point is also a structural high point. The excess area caused by the inflow of external material or outflow of internal matter is between -0.34km² to 0.56km². The average shortening of the Xihubei anticline is between(60±10) m and(130±40) m, and the excess area caused by the inflow of external material is between 0.50km² and 0.74km². The initial locations of the growth strata at the east part is about 1.9~2.0km underground, and the initial location of the growth strata at the west part is about 3.7km underground. We can see the strata overlying the Xihu anticline at 3.3km under ground, the strata above are basically not deformed, indicating that this section of the anticline is no longer active.     

基于SPOT 5异轨立体像对提取DEM试验与精度评估

介绍了异轨立体像对提取DEM的基本原理和数据处理流程,利用两景影像进行了DEM提取试验,分析了结果的精度,提出了利用卫星立体影像提取DEM这一方法的发展方向。     

特大型桥梁施工GPS高程控制网技术研究

探索了采用GPS技术建立桥梁施工高程控制网的难点及关键问题,分析了GPS跨河高程传递测量方法的技术要点,结合工程实例得出了一些结论和建议。