巴西海洋与极地领域科技创新战略及对我国的启示

巴西地处南大西洋沿岸特殊的地理位置,深水海洋油气技术先进,产业区域性聚集明显,受极地气候变化影响明显,在此大背景下,巴西政府高度重视海洋与极地发展对其国际地位、政府治理、产业经济和社会稳定的联动影响。近年来,巴西借助部际海洋资源委员会、南极事务委员会等专业管理和决策机构,颁布了一系列海洋与极地战略的政策规划和法律法规,旨在全面推动巴西在全球海洋与极地科技事务中的顶层部署和研究领域,尤其是费拉兹司令南极科学考察站的建成,为巴西参与南极事务奠定了基础设施和支撑。中国可在借鉴巴西海洋与极地事务经验教训的基础上,特别是深水油气开发技术的成功经验上,持续加强与巴西的深层合作,积极寻求两国在海洋与极地科技开发中的相互战略支持,建立和谐稳定的中巴双边科技创新长效合作机制,更加有利于中国海洋与极地科技创新的全面发展。     

富含古罗糖醛酸的褐藻多糖生产菌株的构建

为获得古罗糖醛酸(Guluronate)含量高的细菌胞外褐藻多糖,利用PCR从海洋细菌Pseudomonassp.QDA中克隆了其甘露糖醛酸C-5差向异构酶基因(algG),连接入质粒pMF 54Km,构建了重组表达载体pMF54 Km-algG。利用三亲接合法将pMF54 Km-algG转入菌株QDA中,获得algG过量表达重组菌株QDA-G1。H-NMR测定结果表明,QDA-G所产的褐藻多糖中β-D-甘露糖醛酸(M)与它的C-5差向异构体α-L-古罗糖醛酸(G)的比值为0.38,G的质量分数达到74.2%,比野生菌株QDA提高了26.4%。且重组菌株遗传稳定性良好,连续传代20代后,M/G的比值无明显变化。     

地下工程围岩分类模糊推理系统设计

将现场获取的影响地下工程围岩分类的几种主要因素视为判别围岩类别论域上的模糊子集,利用建立的地下工程围岩分类模糊逻辑推理系统对围岩类别进行模糊逻辑推理运算,获得与实际情况相一致的围岩类别的判定,直接为地下工程的信息化设计和施工提供依据。     

The Coarse-Grained Lacustrine Slope Apron Deposits in the Moliqing Area, Yitong Basin, Northeast China

Overlapping gravity accumulation bodies were formed on the northwestern steep slope of the Shuangyang Formation in the Moliqing fault depression of northeast China. This study analyzed in detail the spatial distribution of the lithofacies and lithofacies associations of these accumulation bodies based on more than 600 m of core sections, and summarized 12 major types of lithofacies and three types of lithofacies associations: (1) the proximal zone consists of gravelly debris flows dominated by alluvial channel conglomerates; (2) the middle zone is dominated by various gravity flow deposits and traction flow deposits; and (3) the distal zone is dominated by mudstones with intercalations of sandy debris and turbidites. Combining with the grain size cumulative probability curves analysis, we determined the transformation of debris flows to sandy debris flows and to turbidity currents in the slope zone of the basin margin, and further proposed a lacustrine slope apron model that is characterized by (1) an inconstant multiple source (line source), (2) an alternation of gravity flow deposits and traction flow deposits dominated by periodical changes in a source flood flow system, and (3) the transformation of sandy debris flow deposits into distal turbidity current deposits. This sedimentary model may be applicable to other fault depressions for predicting reservoir distribution.     

粉煤灰制备硫铝酸钙-阿利特水泥熟料的研究

以粉煤灰为主要原料, CaF2为矿化剂,设计MG和MS值,控制CaO和CaSO4含量,分别在1 150、1 200、1 250、1 300和1 350℃温度下烧制高胶凝性硫铝酸钙-阿利特复合矿相水泥熟料.运用X射线粉晶衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)等手段,研究原料配方和煅烧温度对熟料物相组成的影响,对熟料物相形成的反应历程作了探讨.实验结果表明,在1-300℃,当MG=1.05、MS =0.95时,形成较理想的熟料,物相组成约为C4A3-S 58.73%,C3S 23.99%,C2S 2.87%,C11A7·CaF2/C12A7 14.07 %,f-CaO 0.35%.熟料中主要物相硫铝酸钙晶体呈菱形十二面体,发育完整,形态规则,颗粒大小约为1～3 μm;阿利特(C3S)相物相为板状六角形,晶体发育相对细小.     

对吐哈盆地相邻两幅遥感图像的辐射匹配

在ERDAS软件的支持下,对吐哈盆地相邻的两幅ETM遥感图像采用所介绍的直方图加减均值差和方差均值2种方法进行辐射匹配,并得出基于这2种方法的几点结论用于提高辐射匹配程度。同时为了降低匹配时存在的人为误差,提出了一种新的多样本均值的辐射匹配方法。最后通过对3种匹配方法的结果进行定量性检验,证明多样本均值的辐射匹配方法能达到较好的匹配效果,其匹配结果要优于前2种方法,具有可行性。笔者的目的在于:经过对不同方法的运用、对比及验证,提出了一种更为优越的辐射匹配方法———多样本均值法,以用于对吐哈盆地整体的辐射匹配。较好的匹配效果有助于对盆地内一些相关指数的准确评价和其砂岩型铀矿的分析研究。     

Gaussian decomposition and component pigment spectral analysis of phytoplankton absorption spectra

The absorption spectrum of phytoplankton is an important bio-optical parameter for ocean color hyperspectral remote sensing;its magnitude and shape can be affected considerably by pigment composition and concentration.We conducted Gaussian decomposition to the absorption spectra of phytoplankton pigment and studied the spectral components of the phytoplankton,in which the package effect was investigated using pigment concentration data and phytoplankton absorption spectra.The decomposition results were compared with the corresponding concentrations of the five main pigment groups(chlorophylls a,b,and c,photo-synthetic carotenoids(PSC),and photo-protective carotenoids(PPC)).The results indicate that the majority of residual errors in the Gaussian decomposition are0.001 m~(-1),and R~2 of the power regression between characteristic bands and HPLC pigment concentrations(except for chlorophyll b)was0.65 or greater for surface water samples at autumn cruise.In addition,we determined a strong predictive capability for chlorophylls a,c,PPC,and PSC.We also tested the estimation of pigment concentrations from the empirical specific absorption coefficient of pigment composition.The empirical decomposition showed that the Ficek model was the closest to the original spectra with the smallest residual errors.The pigment decomposition results and HPLC measurements of pigment concentration are in a high consistency as the scatter plots are distributed largely near the 1:1 line in spite of prominent seasonal variations.The Wozniak model showed a better fit than the Ficek model for Chla,and the median relative error was small.The pigment component information estimated from the phytoplankton absorption spectra can help better remote sensing of hyperspectral ocean color that related to the changes in phytoplankton communities and varieties.     

中国北方干旱化年代际特征与大气环流的关系

用CRU和ECMWF资料分析了近代中国北方干湿变化特征及其与东亚大气环流异常特征的关系.结果表明:中国北方干旱化具有显著的年际、年代际特征,20世纪70年代末干湿发生显著转变,西北东部和华北地区变干趋势明显,北方大部分地区干旱现象严重;中国北方地区当前的干旱化时空格局与东亚夏季风异常特征密切相关,夏季风减弱以及由此造成水汽输送量减少是导致干旱化发展的主要原因,而低层大气反气旋环流增强和气旋性环流减弱是引起干旱化的异常环流特征.     

海上设施自动化系统软件认可流程与技术要求研究

随着计算机及通信技术的发展,海上设施自动化水平的不断提高,海上设施运营的安全可靠性越来越依赖于自动控制系统,尤其是软件部分。由于软件本身在设计和开发中可能存在的缺陷引起系统故障或失效,将给设施及利益方带来不可估量的损失。文章结合IEC61508系列标准、ISO9000—3标准,针对自动化系统软件有关要求和国际船级社协会及船级社等机构有关规范和标准的内容进行分析研究,系统地分析总结出海上设施软件的认可流程及对应技术要求,为我国海工装备设计制造业提供指导。     

新疆白干湖钨锡矿田东北部花岗岩锆石SIMS U-Pb 年龄、地球化学特征及构造意义

白干湖矿田东北部出露钾长花岗岩和二长花岗岩,具有相近的成岩年龄和相似的地球化学特征,表明为同源演化的复式岩体。利用SIMS方法获得二者锆石U-Pb谐和年龄是422±3Ma和421±3.7Ma,为晚志留世。岩石主量元素地球化学特征二者表现为弱过铝质(A/CNK为0.99～1.02)或准铝质(A/CNK为0.92～0.94)、高钾(K2O/Na2O分别为1.08～1.31和1.03～1.22)、高碱((Na2O+K2O)分别为8.59%～9.38%和9.54%～9.69%)、钙碱性或弱碱性(δ分别为2.39～3.17和4.02～4.22)、Fe#(TFeO/MgO分别为9.58～12.26和8.94～9.96)高。稀土元素总体含量(分别为228×10-6～448×10-6和271×10-6～392×10-6)较高,微量元素亏损Ba、Nb、Sr、Ti、P和富集La、Ce、Zr、Sm,总体显示A型花岗岩的特征。R1-R2图解显示岩体构造背景落入晚造山区域。Sr-Yb图解显示岩体落入低Sr高Yb的区域,暗示拉伸的地壳减薄的环境。Pearce图解显示构造环境为板内为主。综合区域背景资料,认为该岩体形成于加里东造山旋回的后碰撞阶段。