AN ECOLOGICAL STUDY OF BENTHIC ORGANISMS IN THE NEARSHORE WATERS TO THE WEST OF TAIWAN STRAIT

In seven cruises on benthic organisms in the nearshore waters(>50 m) to the west of the Taiwan Strait(23°20''-25°54''N,117°11''-119°58''E) in 1961-1964,altogether 189 stations of quantitative grabbing and 33 stations of qualitative trawling were made.
Altogether 392 species of benthic organisms have been identified.The composition was dominated by nearshore shallow water species,with tropical and subtropical species absolutely dominant.The total average of biomass was 38.0 g/m² and average density,116.0 ind./m².The communities of benthic organisms in the area can be classified into five communities namely,(1) Amphiura sp.-Acaudina molpadioides Community;(2) Protankyra asymmetrica-Arnphioplus pracstans-Murex trapa Community;(3) Modiolus meicalfei-Phyllophorus liuwutiensis-Armandia letocirris-Nephtys sinensis Community;(4) Branchiostoma belcheri-Solenr oseomaculatus-Marphysa sinensis- Onuphis eremita Community;(5) Iconomtra japonica-Barbatia decussata Community.     

山东省蓬莱市蝎子顶金矿地质特征

蓬莱市蝎子顶金矿容矿构造为NW向断裂,具NW向成串分布的特点。NW向压扭性断裂与其派生的断裂裂隙系统是该区金矿床赋存空间的重要构造标志,构造破碎带中的钾化、硅化、黄铁绢英岩化等蚀变是一种直接找矿标志。通过对矿床地质特征的研究,认为该矿床属岩浆低中温热液充填交代蚀变岩型金矿床。     

渭河盆地前新生界分布的物探特征及油气成藏条件分析

渭河盆地是新生代断陷盆地,由地质露头剖面及钻井揭示,盆地基底为太古界及元古界深变质岩系;沉积盖层以新生界为主,局部钻遇古生界地层,沉积岩最厚超过7000 m.以往油气勘探程度较低,以新生界新近系和古近系为目的层,但未获重大发现;对古生界分布及油气成藏条件的研究尤为薄弱,因而制约了渭河盆地的油气勘探.依据区域重力、航磁资料,结合近年完成的电法及地震勘探成果,划分出盆地内前新生界分布区域,初步确定在宝鸡-咸阳断裂以北地区存在古生界,并提出盆地北部斜坡地区古生界的油气成藏模式,以利于今后的油气勘探.     

我国地质钻探现状和发展前景分析

我国经济社会发展已步入“新常态”。作为地质调查和矿产勘查工作重要技术支撑的地质钻探行业,资金投入显著减少,地质钻探工作量大幅下滑,常规钻探施工产能过剩;另一方面,地质钻探新的服务领域不断扩大,包括深部科学钻探,地热能及非常规能源勘查,海洋、灾害防治、生态环境、地外天体、极地方面的钻探等。如何应对地勘行业出现的问题,是全行业共同面对的挑战。在对当前及今后一段时期地质钻探工程面临的困难、挑战和机遇等进行调研分析的基础上,对我国地质钻探未来的发展前景进行了预测,认为地质钻探工作量将进一步减少,新领域、新业态的钻探工程及先进钻探技术和装备需求将进一步加大,更加贴近国家需求,更加注重环保理念。     

滇西普朗斑岩铜矿床中磷灰石的地球化学特征及其地质意义

滇西普朗斑岩铜矿床位于三江特提斯构造带义敦岛弧南端,是晚三叠世甘孜-理塘洋壳俯冲背景下的成矿作用产物。本文选取普朗矿床含矿石英闪长玢岩和石英二长斑岩中蚀变和未蚀变磷灰石进行研究,以探讨其对成岩、成矿作用的指示意义。结果显示,相比于未蚀变磷灰石,蚀变磷灰石的Na、S、Mn、Ca、Y及REE等元素含量均有不同程度的降低。总体而言,普朗矿床中磷灰石均具有高Sr、δEu,低Y的特征,指示了其母岩浆具似埃达克质特点。本次研究表明磷灰石的卤素、Sr和REE可以用来追踪成矿母岩浆成分、氧化状态和结晶演化过程。与三叠纪不成矿的休瓦促岩体相比,普朗矿床成矿岩体的磷灰石具高δEu、低Mn和δCe的特点,且δEu和δCe总体呈负相关趋势,表明普朗矿床成矿岩体氧逸度相对较高。此外,磷灰石中(La/Sm)_N、(La/Yb)_N和(Sm/Yb)_N比值降低可能是岩浆中独居石结晶或含Cl热液出溶的结果。与邻区的春都矿床、白垩纪休瓦促成矿岩体对比研究表明,普朗斑岩成矿岩浆具有高Cl/F特征,可能形成于典型的大洋俯冲环境。     

利用化学方法消除氯干扰的土壤中有机碳测定方法

在高锰酸钾外加热法测试土壤中有机碳的过程中,常遇到高含量氯离子对测试结果的正干扰,为解决此问题,本文提出了利用化学方法消除较高含量氯离子对测定土壤有机碳的干扰消除方法。在称取样品时,加入0. 15 g硫酸汞,消除样品中氯的干扰,通过对部分国家土壤、水系沉积物标准样品的分析测试,验证其方法准确度良好,方法的精密度为:5. 83%,可满足地质行业相关标准要求。     

Effect of Shale Reservoir Characteristics on Shale Oil Movability in the Lower Third Member of the Shahejie Formation,Zhanhua Sag

To reveal the effect of shale reservoir characteristics on the movability of shale oil and its action mechanism in the lower third member of the Shahejie Formation(Es3l), samples with different features were selected and analyzed using N2 adsorption, high-pressure mercury injection capillary pressure(MICP), nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR), high-speed centrifugation, and displacement image techniques. The results show that shale pore structure characteristics control shale oil movability directly. Movable oil saturation has a positive relationship with pore volume for radius > 2 μm, as larger pores often have higher movable oil saturation, indicating that movable oil is present in relatively larger pores. The main reasons for this are as follows. The relatively smaller pores often have oil-wetting properties because of organic matter, which has an unfavorable effect on the flow of oil, while the relatively larger pores are often wetted by water, which is helpful to shale oil movability. The rich surface provided by the relatively smaller pores is beneficial to the adsorption of immovable oil. Meanwhile, the relatively larger pores create significant pore volume for movable oil. Moreover, the larger pores often have good pore connectivity. Pores and fractures are interconnected to form a complex fracture network, which provides a good permeability channel for shale oil flow. The smaller pores are mostly distributed separately;thus, they are not conducive to the flow of shale oil. The mineral composition and fabric macroscopically affect the movability of shale oil. Calcite plays an active role in shale oil movability by increasing the brittleness of shale and is more likely to form micro-cracks under the same stress background. Clay does not utilize shale oil flow because of its large specific surface area and its block effect. The bedding structure increases the large-scale storage space and improves the connectivity of pores at different scales, which is conducive to the movability of shale oil.     

黄龙铺钼矿田含矿碳酸岩地球化学特征及其形成构造背景

陕西黄龙铺钼矿田是东秦岭钼矿带中成矿类型最为独特的矿床,多数矿体产于晚三叠纪（220Ma）的碳酸岩岩脉内。其中,石家湾Ⅱ号矿体碳酸岩的Sr和REE含量异常高,δ¹³C_PDB为 -6.75‰~ -6.92‰,δ¹⁸O_SMOWO为8.69‰~9.48‰,显示典型的火成碳酸岩的特征。在世界范围内,碳酸岩来自地幔低程度部分熔融或交代作用,稀土配分模式为陡倾斜的轻稀土富集型,但石家湾碳酸岩HREE含量异常高,稀土配分模式平坦,不同于世界其它地区的碳酸岩,这要求源区必须相对亏损LREE,相对富集HREE。显然,如此源区与俯冲洋壳部分熔融之后的残留相榴辉岩的特征一致。因此,我们认为,勉略洋壳在三叠纪向北俯冲至秦岭-华北联合陆块之下,通过变质脱水熔融而形成岩浆弧,随后,在弧后扩张带发生残余榴辉岩的低程度部分熔融或交代而形成碳酸岩岩浆,导致黄龙铺矿田形成。如此以来,秦岭地区在220Ma左右仍有B型俯冲作用,碰撞造山作用并没有结束。     

重庆地区夏季一次降水过程及增雨潜力的数值模拟分析

利用国家气象中心GRAPES人工增雨云系模式,选取2008年7月4日重庆地区一次降水过程进行数值模拟,分析了重庆地区降雨天气的水汽分布、云系宏微观分布、云中微物理转化和增雨潜力等特征。结果表明：本次降水大气过程中,重庆地区水汽含量极为丰富,水汽分布与地形分布呈明显的对应关系,低层水汽输送较大,整层水汽通量较高,有明显水汽辐合,云中液态水对地面降水影响很大。西南气流和地形共同作用为重庆地区液态水的形成提供了有利条件,在东北部山区迎风坡处大量水汽累积抬升,易形成丰富的液态水。重庆东北部地区水汽向云水转化较强,过冷液态水含量丰富,冰晶含量少,0℃层附近水汽垂直通量较大,降水效率较低,有较大的增雨潜力。     

Precursory Signals of Extensive and Persistent Extreme Cold Events in China

The distinct precursory signals of countrywide extensive and persistent extreme cold events (CECs) were investigated and contrasted with those of countrywide cold wave events (CCWs). It is shown that most CECs were accompanied by a CCW in the initial stages. From the comparison between the CECs and the CCWs that were independent of any CEC, it is found that a south- west-northeast-oriented tilted ridge at 500 hPa was present around the Europe-Barents Sea regions approximately 10 days prior to the start of the CEC. Consistent with this feature, a high sea level pressure and strong cold air accumulation occurred over a broad extent of northern Eurasia one week prior to the start of the CEC. The tilted ridge and the strong cold air accumulation were the precursory signals that were absent for the CCW, and they provide important clues for the early prediction of whether a CCW event might evolve into a CEC.