关于盐湖矿床研究的基本情况

在一系列将要作的报告里,我想简单地谈一下苏联的鹽类矿床及鹽类矿床的研究、勘探和评价等问题。我以苏联的鹽类矿床为例来加以说明,这样也有助于大家对中国的鹽类矿床进行了解、研究和勘探。所有苏联的鹽类矿床可分为以下三种:1.矿物鹽类矿床;2.鹽湖;3.滷水。     

Using unmanned underwater vehicles as research platforms in coastal ocean studies

The advantages of using unmanned underwater vehicles in coastal ocean studies are emphasized. Two types of representative vehicles, remotely operated vehicle (ROV) and autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) from University of South Florida, are discussed. Two individual modular sensor packages designed and tested for these platforms and field measurement results are also presented. The bottom classification and albedo package, BCAP, provides fast and accurate estimates of bottom albedos, along with other parameters such as in-water remote sensing reflectance. The real-time ocean bottom optical topographer, ROBOT, reveals high-resolution 3-dimentional bottom topography for target identification. Field data and results from recent Coastal Benthic Optical Properties field campaign, 1999 and 2000, are presented. Advantages and limitations of these vehicles and applications of modular sensor packages are compared and discussed.     

Changing patterns of population distribution in Zimbabwe

This paper critically evaluates the causes and consequences of changes in population distribution in Zimbabwe during the colonial period and since independence in 1980. Five main aspects of population geography are examined. Firstly, by way on background on contemporary patterns of settlement and land use, the history of tenure policies is outlined. Secondly, the distribution of the African population as revealed in the 1982 census is described and major changes between the census years of 1962, 1969 and 1982 are discussed. Thirdly, changing patterns of settlement and land use within the peasant farming areas (Communal Lands) are examined in the context of increasing population pressures. Fourthly, trends in the growth of the main urban centres and the process of urbanisation of the African population are described. Fifthly, post-independence development policies directed at effecting changes in the distribution of population are discussed with particular reference to the land resettlement programme. The present distribution of population is seen as the product of interacting political, economic and environmental factors, knowledge of which is essential in devising appropriate development strategies to achieve a more equable balance of population and resources.     

塔河油田四区奥陶系碳酸盐岩油藏中的缝合线研究

塔里木盆地是我国的重要油气勘探区和产区,但是到目前为止,对塔河油田碳酸盐岩缝洞系统还认识不足,因而严重地影响了塔河油田的勘探开发。通过研究发现,塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩油藏中的裂缝系统非常复杂,主要有两类裂缝:一种是构造裂缝;另一种是缝合线。前人认为前者重要,而忽略后者;而笔者等认为后者比前者更加重要。塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩油藏中的缝合线非常发育,其频度是与石油成藏有一定关系的非构造裂缝所能及。根据缝合线与层面的关系,可以将塔河油田的奥陶系碳酸盐岩油藏中的缝合线分为三种:顺层缝合线、倾斜缝合线和竖直缝合线。这三种缝合线彼此交织成复杂的网络系统,构成了储层内部油气运移的最初级良好通道,同时与裂缝一起构成了有效的油气运移通道和压裂的弱结构面,为油气成藏和后期的开发创造了良好的条件。     

根据植物群的进化观点划分中国中生代的陆相建造

中国大陆自三叠纪以后,即无很大的海浸,故海相地层甚少,缺乏海生运动的证据。地层时代的鉴定完全靠植物化石,因此困难较多。中国中生代植物的时代,作者曾于前著中再三讨论及之,1949年发表的“鄂西香溪煤系植物群”一书中讨论更为详     

Marine mammals from northeast Atlantic: relationship between their trophic status as determined by delta13C and delta15N measurements and their trace metal concentrations

The relationship between trophic position through delta13C and delta15N and trace metal concentrations (Zn, Cd, Cu and Hg) was investigated in the tissues of six marine mammal species from the Northeast Atlantic: striped dolphin Stenella coeruleoalba, common dolphin, Delphinus delphis, Atlantic white-sided dolphin Lagenorhynchus acutus, harbour porpoise Phocoena phocoena, white beaked-dolphin Lagenorhynchus albirostris, grey seal Halichoerus grypus stranded on French Channel and Irish coasts. White-beaked dolphins, harbour porpoises, white-sided dolphins, common and striped dolphins display the same relative and decreasing trophic position, as measured by delta15N values, along both the Irish and French channel coasts, reflecting conservative trophic habits between these two places. Hepatic and renal Cd concentrations were significantly correlated to muscle delta13C and delta15N values while Hg, Zn and Cu did not. These results suggest that Cd accumulation is partly linked to the diet while other factors such as age or body condition might explain Hg, Zn or Cu variability in marine mammals. Combined stable isotope and trace metal analyses appear to be useful tools for the study of marine mammal ecology.     

Geochemical Stratigraphy and Microvertebrate Assemblage Sequences across the Silurian/Devonian Transition in South China

Carbon isotope (δ13Corg) analyses of non-marine clastic rocks and neritic carbonates and black shales spanning the Silurian/Devonian transition are compared from two richly fossiliferous sequences in Qujing of East Yunnan and Zoige of Sichuan, South China. The two sections, Xishancun and Putonggou sections in South China, reveal positive δ13Corg shifts happening in the Upper Pridoli and Lower Devonian and reaching peak values as heavy as ?25.2‰ (Xishancun) and ?19.9‰ (Putonggou) in the lowermost Lochkovian following the first occurrence of the thelodont Parathelodus and the conodont Icriodus woschmidti woschmidti (only in Putonggou Section and together with Protathyris-Lanceomyonia brachiopod fauna). These results replicate a globally known positive shift in δ13Corg from the uppermost Silurian to the lowermost Devonian. The δ13Corg variations across the Silurian/Devonian Boundary (SDB) at the two sections in South China exhibit a shift in carbon isotopic composition similar to the detailed SDB curves from the borehole Klonk-1 drilled at top of the Klonk Global Standard Stratotype-Section and Point (GSSP) in the Prague Basin, Czech Republic. In addition, four microvertebrate assemblages, including the Liaojiaoshan, Xishancun, Yanglugou and Xiaputonggou assemblages, are recognized from the Silurian/Devonian transition exposed in the Xishancun and Putonggou sections, respectively. The results from both carbon isotope stratigraphy and microvertebrate assemblage sequences suggest that the SDB in South China is located at the base of the Xishancun Formation (between sample QX-20 and sample QX-21) in the Xishancun Section and the lower part of the Xiaputonggou Formation (between sample ZP-09 and sample ZP-10) in the Putonggou Section. The isotopic trend for organic carbon together with the changes of microvertebrate remains across the SDB can offer an approach to a potential correlation of the SDB from different sedimentary facies, which help to correlate the marine with non-marine deposits.     

数字天气雷达监测暴雨洪水研究

从加强水资源管理和减少洪水危害来看.应用数字天气雷达定量测定大范围区域降水量,并建立降雨量对水文参量的预报方程是有应用价值的方案.统计表明,在建立预报方程时应区分不同类型降水.经过仔细标定的数字化天气雷达,在探测区内少数地面雨量计的校准下,可以30%(层状云降水)和60%(混合型降水)的精度实时监测降雨风暴并做出外推形势预报.与洪水关系密切的过程降雨总量之测量误差对不同类型降水均在±40%之内.用双线偏振等特种天气雷达系统,并考虑截流地表特性和地面蒸发等因子,则可进一步提高测量预报精度.     

塞浦路斯特罗多斯型洋壳最上部500米剖面(CY—1钻孔)中的不透明矿物、磁性及其蚀变作用的研究

引言近十年来为了鉴别大洋盆地中线性磁异常模式的起源,对洋壳磁化强度的研究显示了极大的兴趣。目前了解洋壳(尤其在深部)可以通过几种方法,如在推测为构造断崖的附近进行海底拖曳打捞、通过大洋基底钻探