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71.
72.
A heavy rainfall case related to Mesoscale Convective Systems (MCSs) over
the Korean Peninsula was selected to investigate the impact of radar data
assimilation on a heavy rainfall forecast. The Weather Research and
Forecasting (WRF) three-dimensional variational (3DVAR) data assimilation
system with tuning of the length scale of the background error covariance
and observation error parameters was used to assimilate radar radial
velocity and reflectivity data. The radar data used in the assimilation
experiments were preprocessed using quality-control procedures and
interpolated/thinned into Cartesian coordinates by the SPRINT/CEDRIC
packages. Sensitivity experiments were carried out in order to determine the
optimal values of the assimilation window length and the update frequency
used for the rapid update cycle and incremental analysis update experiments.
The assimilation of radar data has a positive influence on the heavy
rainfall forecast. Quantitative features of the heavy rainfall case, such as
the maximum rainfall amount and Root Mean Squared Differences (RMSDs) of
zonal/meridional wind components, were improved by tuning of the length
scale and observation error parameters. Qualitative features of the case,
such as the maximum rainfall position and time series of hourly rainfall,
were enhanced by an incremental analysis update technique. The positive
effects of the radar data assimilation and the tuning of the length scale
and observation error parameters were clearly shown by the 3DVAR increment. 相似文献
73.
详细地研究了亳县陨石中的主要标型特征。亳县陨石是一块不平衡的普通球粒陨石 ,球粒结构齐全 ,保持原始信息多。对球粒中出现的 2 6种结构类型进行了合理的解释 ,为讨论球粒成因提供了科学依据。对亳县陨石中的几种特殊的标型矿物——指示强还原环境生成的标型矿物张衡矿、指示高压的标型矿物 Wadsleyite和指示高温凝聚产物的标型矿物亚铁尖晶石及 CAI包体的发现均作了详细的研究与讨论。 相似文献
74.
Fresh flood deposits were sampled in the flood-plains of two river systems, the River Meuse, with a catchment area of 33,000
km2 and the River Geul, with a catchment area of 3,000 km2. As a result of industrial and mining activities, both rivers have a history of severe metal pollution, especially with zinc,
lead, and cadmium. The flood deposits of both rivers are heterogeneous mixtures of contaminated bottom sediments (with relatively
long residence times in the river) and clean sediments derived from soil erosion on agricultural cropland (with very short
residence times). An additional source of sediment is formed by erosion of older, locally highly contaminated streambank deposits.
These older sediments are polluted as a result of solid waste disposal containing metalliferous ore and tailings in the sand
fraction. This is especially the case in the River Geul, which drains an old zinc and lead mining area. The metal content
of the Meuse sediments, however, originates largely from liquid industrial wastes and occurs mainly in the clay fraction.
For this reason, the positive correlation between textural composition, organic matter content, and heavy metal concentration,
which is often reported, was not observed, and normalization of the metal content was not possible. Nevertheless, a clear
decrease of contamination was noticed along the River Geul; this trend was absent along the River Meuse. An attempt has been
made to model the longitudinal decay pattern for each of the investigated havey metals. 相似文献
75.
During development of theoretical methods to compute synthetic seismograms, a new type of wave called S*-wave was discovered by Hron and Mikhailenko. This wave propagates with the shear-wave velocity and can be interpreted as a non-geometrical wave arrival with large amplitudes strongly depending on the depth of a pure P-point source. In this first experimental verification of the existence of S*-waves by means of two-dimensional model-seismics it is demonstrated that: 1. the S*-wave exists and depends on the source distance from the free surface; 2. the S*-wave is generated as an ordinary shear wave on the free surface at the point located directly above the P-source, as illustrated in the synthetic seismograms. The measured seismograms agree remarkably well with the computed ones. 相似文献
76.
Hyung Jeek Kim Jonguk Kim Dongseon Kim Michael T. Chandler Seung Kyu Son 《Ocean Science Journal》2018,53(2):395-403
Time-series sediment traps were deployed in the subtropical oligotrophic northwestern Pacific (SONP) at three depths from August to September 2015 to better understand vertical flux of sinking particles. Sinking particles were collected at 5-day intervals over the sediment trap deployment period. The average total mass flux at water depths of 400 m, 690 m, and 1,710 m was 9.1, 4.4, and 4.1 mg m-2day-1, respectively. CaCO3 materials constituted 50 to 70% of sinking particles while in comparison particulate organic carbon (POC) constituted up to 20%. A synchronous variation of total mass flux was observed at the three depths, indicating that calcite-dominated particles sank from 400 to 1,710 m within a 5-day period. POC flux at these water depths was 2.4, 0.38, and 0.31 mg m-2day-1, respectively. Our results indicate low transfer efficiencies of 16% from 400 to 690 m and 13% for the 400 to 1,710 m depth range. The estimated transfer efficiencies were significantly lower than those observed at the K2 station in the northwest Pacific subarctic gyre, presumably because of a prevalence of pico-cyanobacteria in the SONP. Because cyanobacteria have a semi-permeable proteinaceous shell, they are more readily remineralized by bacteria than are siliceous phytoplankton in the northwest Pacific subarctic gyre. Continued surface water warming and expansion of the SONP will likely have a profound impact on ocean acidification in the northwest Pacific, possibly affecting the transfer efficiency of sinking POC to the deep-sea. 相似文献
77.
Petrological, chronological and geotectonic geological analysis of Precambrian metamorphic rock in Korean Peninsula shows that the remnants ( 〉3.4 Ga) of continental nuclei crust were formed in the Paleoarchean in the Rangrim Massif. In the massif, the main formation ages of continental crust range from 3.2 Ga to 2.5 Ga, its important growing period was 2.8 - 2. 5 Ga. The subsequent expansion period of the Rangrim Massif was 2. 4 - 2. 2 Ga. The division events occurred in 1.85 Ga and in the Late Paleoproterozoic-Early Mesoproterozoic, respectively. Since then the massif was relatively stable. However, the last division of the Rangrim Massif occurred at 793 Ma. 相似文献
78.
Since Late Proterozoic era, the Korean Peninsula has been evolved into a state with relatively stable regions and orogenic beltswhich were developed differently each other. The Late Paleozoic (Late Carboniferous-Early Triassic) sediments are well developed in the Korean Peninsula, and called the Pyongan System. The Pyongan System from Late Carboniferous to Lower Triassic is distributed in the Pyongnan and Hyesan-Riwon Basins, and Rangrim Massif, and divided into Hongjom (C2 ) , Ripsok (C2 ) , Sadong (C2-P1 ) , Kobangsan and Rokam ( Taezhawon) ( P2-T1 ) sequences. The sediments of the Tumangang Orogenic Belt are called Tuman System which is composed of the Amgi Series, consisting of clastic formation with mafic effusive material, overlaid by the Kyeryongsan Series, consisting mainly of mafic volcano sediments. The Songsang Series which rests on the Kyeryongsan Series mainly consists of clastic formation with minor felsic effusive material. In the Tuman- gang Orogenic Belt the tectonic movement, called Tumangang Tectonic Movement, occurred in the Lower Permian-Lower Triassic. 相似文献
79.
80.
Wave-tide-surge coupled model simulation for Typhoon Maemi 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2
1 IntroductionThe main reason for coupling the tide and surgehydrodynamic model with a surface wave model canbe found in the physical interactions taking place inthe surface and bottom boundary layers. During thesevere storm conditions such interactions a… 相似文献