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121.
Hye-In Jeong Doo Young Lee Karumuri Ashok Joong-Bae Ahn June-Yi Lee Jing-Jia Luo Jae-Kyung E. Schemm Harry H. Hendon Karl Braganza Yoo-Geun Ham 《Climate Dynamics》2012,39(1-2):475-493
Forecast skill of the APEC Climate Center (APCC) Multi-Model Ensemble (MME) seasonal forecast system in predicting two main types of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), namely canonical (or cold tongue) and Modoki ENSO, and their regional climate impacts is assessed for boreal winter. The APCC MME is constructed by simple composite of ensemble forecasts from five independent coupled ocean-atmosphere climate models. Based on a hindcast set targeting boreal winter prediction for the period 1982–2004, we show that the MME can predict and discern the important differences in the patterns of tropical Pacific sea surface temperature anomaly between the canonical and Modoki ENSO one and four month ahead. Importantly, the four month lead MME beats the persistent forecast. The MME reasonably predicts the distinct impacts of the canonical ENSO, including the strong winter monsoon rainfall over East Asia, the below normal rainfall and above normal temperature over Australia, the anomalously wet conditions across the south and cold conditions over the whole area of USA, and the anomalously dry conditions over South America. However, there are some limitations in capturing its regional impacts, especially, over Australasia and tropical South America at a lead time of one and four months. Nonetheless, forecast skills for rainfall and temperature over East Asia and North America during ENSO Modoki are comparable to or slightly higher than those during canonical ENSO events. 相似文献
122.
Yu -Hwan Ahn Palanisamy Shanmugam Kyung- Il Chang Jeong -Eon Moon Joo -Hyung Ryu 《Ocean Science Journal》2005,40(2):67-71
Complex physical, chemical and biological interactions off the Korean coast created several striking patterns in the phytoplankton
blooms, which became conspicuous during the measurements of ocean color from space. This study concentrated on analyzing the
spatial and temporal aspects of phytoplankton chlorophyll variability in these areas using an integrated dataset from a Sea-viewing
Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS), Advanced Very High Resolution (AVHRR) sensor, and Conductivity Temperature Depth (CTD)
sensor. The results showed that chlorophyll concentrations were elevated in coastal and open ocean regions, with strong summer
and fall blooms, which appeared to spread out in most of the enclosed bays and neighboring waters due to certain oceanographic
processes. The chlorophyll concentration was observed to range between 3 and 54 mg m-3 inside Jin-hae Bay and adjacent coastal bays and 0.5 and 8 mg m-3 in the southeast sea offshore waters, this gradual decrease towards oceanic waters suggested physical transports of phytoplankton
blooms from the shallow shelves to slope waters through the influence of the Tsushima Warm Current (TWC) along the Tsushima
Strait. Horizontal distribution of potential temperature (θ) and salinity (S) of water off the southeastern coast exhibited
cold and low saline surface water (θ<19°C; S<32.4) and warm and high saline subsurface water (θ>12°C; S>34.4) at 75dBar, corroborating
TWC intrusion along the Tsushima Strait. An eastward branch of this current was called the East Korean Warm Current (EKWC),
tracked with the help of CTD data and satellite-derived sea surface temperature, which often influenced the dynamics of mesoscale
anticyclonic eddy fields off the Korean east coast during the summer season. The process of such mesoscale anticyclonic eddy
features might have produced interior upwelling that could have shoaled and steepened the nutricline, enhancing phytoplankton
population by advection or diffusion of nutrients in the vicinity of Ulleungdo in the East Sea. 相似文献
123.
Three-dimensional hydrodynamic-eutrophication model (HEM-3D): application to Kwang-Yang Bay, Korea 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
The purpose of this paper is twofold: to describe the water quality model of Three-Dimensional Hydrodynamic-Eutrophication Model (HEM-3D) and to present an application of HEM-3D to a coastal system in Korea. HEM-3D, listed as a tool for the development of Total Maximum Daily Load by US Environmental Protection Agency, is a general-purpose modeling package for simulation of the flow field, transport, and eutrophication processes throughout the water column and of diagenetic processes in the benthic sediment. This paper describes the water quality model of HEM-3D with emphasis on its unique features. Excessive loadings of organic wastes have significantly deteriorated water quality conditions of Korean coastal waters. This paper presents an application of HEM-3D to Kwang-Yang Bay, a coastal system in Korea, which is one of the first water quality modeling efforts for Korean coastal waters accompanied by a relatively comprehensive field program. The current status of data availability for water quality modeling in Korea is discussed. 相似文献
124.
Operational Implementation of the ATOVS Processing Procedure in KMA and Its Validation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) has processed the data from the advanced TOVS(ATOVS) onboard NOAA-16 satellite since May 2001. The operational production utilizes the AAPP(ATOVS and AVHRR Processing Package) of EUMETSAT and IAPP (International ATOVS ProcessingPackage) of the University of Wisconsin. For the initial guess profiles, the predicted fields (usually 6 to 12hour forecasted fields) from the global aviation model of NOAA/NCEP are used. The average number ofprofiles retrieved from the ATOVS data is about 1,300 for each morning and afternoon orbit at about 18 and06 UTC, respectively. The retrieved temperature and dew point temperatures are provided to forecastersin real time and used for initialization of prediction models. With the advanced microwave sensor (AMSU;Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit), accuracy of the ATOVS products is expected to be better than thatof the TOVS products, especially in cloudy conditions. Indeed, the preliminary results from a validationstudy with the collocated radiosonde data during a 8-month period, from May to December 2001, for theEast Asia region show an improved accuracy of the ATOVS products for cloudy skies versus the TOVS,especially for higher altitudes. The RMS (Root Mean Square) difference between the ATOVS productsand radiosonde data is about 1.3℃ for both clear and cloudy conditions, except for near the ground and athigher altitudes, at around 200 hPa. There is no significant temporal variation of the error statistics at allpressure levels. In case of the water vapor mixing ratio, the largest difference is shown at lower altitudes,while the accuracy is much better for the clear sky cases than the cloudy sky cases. The bias and RMSEat lower altitudes is about 0.557 g kg-1 and 2.5 g kg-1 and decrease significantly with increasing altitude. 相似文献
125.
This note brings together and extends previously known results for the added masses and dampings of surface-piercing or completely submerged horizontal circular cylinders. For vertical (heave) motions, but not horizontal (sway) motions, a striking qualitative change occurs in these hydrodynamic coefficients when the cylinder breaks the surface. This is simply explained in terms of low-frequency asymptotics and the equivalent wavemaker method. 相似文献
126.
Groundwater has played an important role in economic development in Southeast Asian countries, but some problems caused by
nature or human actions such as contamination, over pumping, and land subsidence bring the necessity of more systematic groundwater
monitoring wells. The analytical hierarchy process with pairwise comparison was used to allocate and organize the regional
groundwater monitoring wells in five regions, Thailand, Cambodia, East/West Malaysia, and South Korea. Five different multi
criteria decision models, which were composed of three primary criteria and eight secondary criteria, were developed based
on the answers of the questionnaire from 76 groundwater experts in Thailand, 100 in Cambodia, 101 in East Malaysia, 87 in
West Malaysia, and 93 in South Korea. It was revealed that the weights of model criteria for each country, which also represent
relative importance on groundwater monitoring, were different according to the diverse groundwater situation. The most important
factor to determine the number of monitoring well was ‘number of households using only groundwater as a water source’ for
Thailand and South Korea, ‘number of contamination sources’ for Cambodia, ‘amount of groundwater use for drinking-water supply’
for East Malaysia, and ‘number of wells with contaminated water’ for West Malaysia. 相似文献
127.
128.
Use of a nonstationary copula to predict future bivariate low flow frequency in the Connecticut river basin 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1 下载免费PDF全文
Frequency analysis of streamflow provides an essential ingredient in our understanding of hydrologic events and provides needed guidance in the design and management of water resources infrastructure. However, traditional hydrologic approaches often fail to include important external effects that can result in unpredictable or unforeseen changes in streamflow. Moreover, previous studies investigating multiple characteristics of streamflow do not address a nonstationary approach. This study explores nonstationary frequency analysis of bivariate characteristics, including occurrence and severity, of annual low flow in the Connecticut River Basin, United States. To investigate bivariate low flow frequency, copulas and their marginal distributions are constructed by using stationary and nonstationary approaches. Our study results indicate that streamflow used in this study demonstrate significant nonstationarity. Over time, the occurrence and severity of low flows are shown to be lower with the same probability based on the results of nonstationary copulas. Bivariate low flow frequencies in the years 1970, 2000, and 2030, and their joint return periods are estimated under the nonstationary copulas. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
129.
Young Shuk Ahn 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1992,198(1):137-148
NewUBV photoelectric observations of NY Cep were made from 1982 to 1989 with GOTO 61-cm telescope at the Yonsei University Observatory. Seven times of minimum light were obtained. An improved orbital period of 15.27566 day was determined. The light curves were analyzed using the Wilson-Devinney method. It is confirmed that NY Cep is a detached system and the absolute dimensions are also obtained. It is found that the secondary eclipse does not occur due to large eccentricity and inclination. 相似文献
130.
Deterministic attitude estimation methods based on vector observations are used for the coarse-attitude calculation of the sun-pointing satellites. The objective of the deterministic attitude estimation is to get the direction cosine matrix without considering the stochastic noises. The existing deterministic attitude estimation methods require two complete (three-axis) vector observations corresponding to two known reference vectors. This letter suggests a new deterministic attitude estimation method using only geomagnetic-field measurements on two axes for sun-pointing satellites in the sun-acquisition mode. 相似文献