湘西北地区民乐式锰矿成矿地质特征及矿床成因

在野外考察和室内综合研究基础上,从地层岩性、岩相古地理、地质构造等成矿地质条件的分析入手,结合稳定同位素测试数据分析,以古丈锰矿田中的野竹锰矿为例,对湘西北民乐式锰矿床的成矿地质特征及成矿机制进行了探讨,认为区内成矿物质（锰）是多来源的,但主要来源于海底火山活动。在成矿作用过程中,堆集在火山喷口附近的沉积物被烘热的海水淋滤改造,从中析出锰质,由热海水体所挟带,随海流迁移,成矿物质在裂陷槽中沉积下来富集形成锰矿床。民乐式锰矿床属离火山喷发中心较远的海底火山喷发-沉积锰矿床。     

准噶尔盆地古隆起的分布与基本特征

准噶尔盆地外侧三大边界动力体系的作用及基底结构的差异性导致准噶尔盆地在不同地质时期发育不同性质的隆起构造。石炭纪晚期东北侧的造山作用形成了盆地北部隆起,晚二叠世北部隆起分异为陆梁隆起与乌伦古坳陷;早二叠世西北侧的造山作用形成了车排子隆起,随后的冲断作用形成了克拉玛依--夏子街断裂带。燕山期的压扭作用形成了沉积盖层中的车排子--莫索湾隆起。新生代北天山向北的冲断作用导致准噶尔盆地南部地区急剧挠曲沉降,盆地向南掀斜,隆起向北迁移。据基底的性质、形成时间、活动方式、地质结构与保存状态等特点将准噶尔盆地的隆起划分为继承型、间断型、掀斜型与冲断带型等4种基本类型。     

Contrast in Fluid M etallogeny between the Tianmashan Au-S Deposit and the Datuanshan Cu Deposit in Tongling, Anhui Province

A comprehensive contrast of ore-forming geological background and ore-forming fluid features, especially fluid ore-forming processes, has been performed between the Tianmashan and the Datuanshan ore deposits in Tongling, Anhui Province. The major reasons for the formation of the stratabound skarn Au-S ore deposit in Tianmashan and the stratabound skarn Cu ore deposit in Datuanshan are analyzed in accordance with this contrast. The magmatic pluton in Tianmashan is rich in Au and poor in Cu, but that in Datuanshan is rich in Cu and Au. The wallrock strata in Tianmashan contain Au-bearing pyrite layers with some organic substance but those in Datuanshan contain no such layers. Moreover, the ore-forming fluids in Tianmashan are dominantly magmatic ones at the oxide and sulfide stages, but those with high content of Cu in Datuanshan are mainly groundwater fluids. In addition, differences in compositional evolution and physicochemical condition variation of the ore-forming fluids result in gradual dispersion     

燕山地区1.6～1.0Ga时期碳酸盐岩碳、氧同位素组成、演化及其地质意义

依据实测的燕山地区(1.6～1.0Ga)高于庄组—景儿峪组114个碳、氧同位素数据,研究、讨论了中、新元古界碳酸盐岩碳、氧同位素组成、演化及其地质意义。研究表明,燕山中、新元古界由下至上的地层序列上,碳、氧同位素表现明显的旋回性演化特征,二者多显正相关关系;δ13C在-3‰～3‰区间低幅、高频振荡;δ18O则表现为-2‰～-8‰的高幅、高频波动;δ13C值的增大与沉积环境由潮间向潮下演变、海平面上升、海水变淡、生物量增多相关;降低的δ13C多代表潮间—潮上环境。高于庄组瘤状灰岩及洪水庄组页岩δ13C为低负值,代表最大海泛期沉积。氧同位素组成和变化指示研究区总体为咸化环境,杨庄组上部和雾迷山组下部古海水盐度最高,之后盐度逐渐降低,至雾迷山组上部又有所升高。研究区与天津蓟县和北京十三陵地区的中、新元古代碳酸盐岩碳、氧同位素组成与演化表现出明显的相似性,反映了它们共同受燕山裂陷槽发育的控制;同时,与北美Belt超群和俄罗斯乌拉尔里菲期碳酸盐岩碳、氧同位素组成、演变的高度协同性,又说明了中、新元古代碳酸盐岩中碳、氧同位素组成、演化响应于全球古海洋背景和地球化学条件。     

Potential promoted productivity and spatial patterns of medium- and low-yield cropland land in China

With a continuously increasing population and better food consumption levels, improving the efficiency of arable land use and increasing its productivity have become fundamental strategies to meet the growing food security needs in China. A spatial distribution map of medium- and low-yield cropland is necessary to implement plans for cropland improvement. In this study, we developed a new method to identify high-, medium-, and low-yield cropland from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data at a spatial resolution of 500 m. The method could be used to reflect the regional heterogeneity of cropland productivity because the classification standard was based on the regionalization of cropping systems in China. The results showed that the proportion of high-, medium-, and low-yield cropland in China was 21%, 39%, and 40%, respectively. About 75% of the low-yield cropland was located in hilly and mountainous areas, and about 53% of the high-yield cropland was located in plain areas. The five provinces with the largest area of high-yield cropland were all located in the Huang-Huai-Hai region, and the area amounted to 42% of the national high-yield cropland area. Meanwhile, the proportion of high-yield cropland was lower than 15% in Heilongjiang, Sichuan, and Inner Mongolia, which had the largest area allocated to cropland in China. If all the medium-yield cropland could be improved to the productive level of high-yield cropland and the low-yield cropland could be improved to the level of medium-yield cropland, the total productivity of the land would increase 19% and 24%, respectively.     

粤北大宝山多金属矿床成矿流体的He-Ar-Pb-S同位素示踪

大宝山多金属矿床是粤北地区典型的巨厚型及细脉带型矿化的多金属硫化物矿床.层状和脉状黄铁矿的氦氩同位素表明:3He/4He的R/Ra值为0.60～4.13,40Ar/86Ar=327～411,反映该成矿流体是大气饱和水(海水)与地幔流体混合作用的结果.铅和硫同位素都揭示了层状(块状)和脉状矿体可能来自不同时期的成矿流体.其中层状矿体为泥盆纪海底火山喷发沉积作用所致,脉状矿体可能来自燕山期岩浆热液充填叠加形成,古大陆碎屑物质和部分有机质的还原对后期成矿流体具有较大的影响作用.     

体育场馆产业虚拟集群的构建

基于互联网技术在产业领域全面渗透的发展形势,部分学者提出“网络空间邻近性将取代地理空间邻近性”的论断,而另一部分研究结论坚持认为网络信息技术与平台是线下产业转型升级的“催化剂”,同时提出线下实体产业自身及其关联产业之间的地理要素对线上虚拟平台的构建与发展具有重要意义。据此,文章从地理空间的视角,试图阐释体育场馆虚拟集群构建的地理学研究基础和关注重点,分析体育场馆地理聚集效应无法形成的原因,总结归纳产业虚拟集群具有促进产业聚集形态、提高规模经济效益、建立分工协作关系、带动合作与竞争氛围、形成柔性化创新模式等作用,提出构建虚拟集群是未来体育场馆产业发展的重要形式之一。目前,中国体育场馆产业虚拟集群是横向各成员间合作与竞争的利益价值链,纵向是供需两端线上下产销价值链,共同构成了集群基本的结构体系;根据集群产业的主体规模、地理位置、产权属性和网络化程度等,场馆产业虚拟集群可分为单体型、连锁型、联盟型;而根据场馆产业集群的结构体系和功能特征,其发展过程需历经技术融合、产品改造、结构优化3个升级阶段。最终,建议通过正确认识场馆虚拟集群构建的地理性涵义,持续提升线下场馆服务的核心竞争力,发挥政府的政策支持和牵头结盟作用,建立场馆虚拟集群成员准入监督机制,为虚拟产业集群的创新发展提供理论与实践指导。     

陕北地区退耕还林还草工程土壤保护效应的时空特征

This paper looks at the Green for Grain Project in northern Shaanxi Province.Based on remote sensing monitoring data,this study analyzes the locations of arable land in northern Shaanxi in the years 2000,2010 and 2013 as well as spatio-temporal changes over that period,and then incorporates data on the distribution of terraced fields to improve the input parameters of a RUSLE model and simulate and generate raster data on soil erosion for northern Shaanxi at different stages with a accuracy verification.Finally,combined with the dataset of farmland change,compared and analyzed the characteristics of soil erosion change in the converted farmland to forest(grassland)and the unconverted farmland in northern Shaanxi,so as to determine the project’s impact on soil erosion over time across the region.The results show that between 2000 and 2010,the soil erosion modulus of repurposed farmland in northern Shaanxi decreased 22.7 t/ha,equivalent to 47.08%of the soil erosion modulus of repurposed farmland in 2000.In the same period,the soil erosion modulus of non-repurposed farmland fell 10.99 t/ha,equivalent to 28.6%of the soil erosion modulus of non-repurposed farmland in 2000.The soil erosion modulus for all types of land in northern Shaanxi decreased by an average of 14.51 t/ha between 2000 and 2010,equivalent to 41.87%of the soil erosion modulus for the entire region in 2000.This suggests that the Green for Grain Project effectively reduced the soil erosion modulus,thus helping to protect the soil.In particular,arable land that was turned into forest and grassland reduced erosion most noticeably and contributed most to soil conservation.Nevertheless,in the period 2010 to 2013,which was a period of consolidation of the Green for Grain Project,the soil erosion modulus and change in volume of soil erosion in northern Shaanxi were significantly lower than in the previous decade.     

L_n范数准则和地学模型误差及模型参数估计

本文论述了模型误差及模型参数估计的有关问题,具体包括:1)L_n范数准则;2)模型误差的一般表达式;3)线性化模型及模型含误差时的模型参数估计;4)模型的改善与优化;5)计算方案;6)模型误差与L_n范数准则。本文的论述为建立和分析各种具体的地学模型提供了必要的理论和方法。