大气平衡态研究中高截断低谱模式的问题

用１９５１－１９９０年东亚冬季风强度资料研究了东亚冬季风强度异常与夏季５００ｈＰａ环流及我国大尺度气候异常的关系。指出，弱冬季风时，夏季５００ｈＰａ从南海、菲律宾经黄海、日本到鄂霍茨克海呈正－负－正的距平分布，弱ＥＡＰ遥相关型。     

青藏高原地区云对地表净辐射的影响

利用１９８２年８月－１９８３年７月青藏高原地面热源观测实验资料，分析了云量，云状对地表净辐射的影响，计算了与云对地表净辐射强迫作用有关的参数。研究表明：地表净辐射是云量的线性函罢 ２对地表净辐射的影响有明显的季节性差异，在春季和夏季，云对地表净辐射的影响非常强烈，并且地表净辐射随云量的增多而减小，在秋季和冬季，云对地表净辐的影响较小，并且地表净辐射随云量的增多百增大。     

INTERACTION OF TOPOGRAPHY WITH SOLITARY ROSSBY WAVES IN A NEAR-RESONANT FLOW

An inhomogeneous KdV equation including topographic forcing is derived by usingperturbation expansions and stretching transforms of time and space.The generation of forcedsolitary Rossby waves by topography in a near-resonant flow and their interactions with freesolitary waves are discussed,and some interesting results are obtained.The numerical resultsshow that the topography has obvious effect on enhancing the amplitude of disturbances,and itmay explain to some degree the formation of blocking by localized topography.     

巧用质量控制软件实施数据补救

介绍了在自动站数据出现缺测时,通过质量控制软件进行数据导入操作的方法,及时有效地补全缺测时段的正点和分钟数据文件,来保证自动站记录的准确和完整。     

气象频道之我见

通过国内外气象频道的分析,对开办气象频道的基础、条件、运行模式等进行了深层次的探讨,阐述了气象频道运行中应当引起重视的几个重要方面。     

局地热力强迫与准定常大振幅扰动的形成

文中导得了包括热力强迫和耗散的非线性强迫ＫｄＶ－Ｂｕｒｇｅｒｓ方程,并作了数值求解。计算结果表明,热力强迫和耗散是孤波质量和能量变化的主要原因,耗散使孤波质量能量随时间指数衰减;热力强迫与地形一样,都能在强迫区产生定常孤波,但前者产生的上游扰动振幅更大,而后者产生的下游扰动更为明显;加热和地形一样都能使孤波发生位相漂移,减小其移速,阻挡孤波的移动,从而增加与孤波的相互作用时间;适当大小的耗散与热力强迫的组合迫使移动性孤波在强迫区附近来回振荡,大大增加与热力强迫的相互作用时间;在耗散与热力强迫同时存在的非线性系统中,移动性孤波与热力强迫的相互作用可能是产生阻塞等长生命周期的局地准定常系统的重要因子。     

The westerly fluctuation and water vapor transport over the Qilian-Heihe valley

The westerly fluctuation and the atmospheric water vapor transport over the Qilian-Heihe valley are analyzed and the results show that, in the water vapor transport stream field from Jun to September, this valley is in the westerly stream and the water vapor comes from westerlies water transport via the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea. The net water vapor transport is less net import and different from most areas of the northwest China. The interannual changes in water vapor transport over the valley arise from the westerly fluctuation, and have a positive relationship to the interannual changes in westerly wind speed. The cold air actions from the Mongol low pressure are the primary system that controls the westerly water vapor transport. Its action chain is that, the Mongol low pressure is strengthened → the circulation meridionality will be increased → the cold air will move southwards → the westerly will be stronger → the wind convergence of direction and speed will be stronger → the water vapor convergence transport will be increased → the local water vapor content will be increased. The interannual changes in atmospheric water vapor transport over the valley rely mainly on the convergence transport, but the effect of advection transport is less. The interannual changes of strong or weak westerly affect mainly the convergence transport, and then make the atmospheric water vapor net transport increase or decrease over the Qilian-Heihe valley.     

不同季节实际气流上斜压波的发展和锋生过程

利用三维半地转模式讨论了春夏秋冬四季基本气流上非线性斜压扰动的发展过程和锋面形成过程。计算结果表明，在四季基本气流上，斜压扰动的发展能产生冷暖锋，扰动的发展以冬季为最强，春季次之，秋季和夏季最弱，相应地，形成的锋也以冬季最强，春季次之，秋夏季最弱，与实际观测比较一致。     

大地形对Rossby波波射线的影响

本文利用Ｒｕｎｇｅ－Ｋｕｔｔａ方法计算了大地形对定常、非定常低频Ｒｏｓｓｂｙ波波射线的影响，计算结果显示，地形对Ｒｏｓｓｂｙ波波射线有重要影响。对位于地形上游的波源，定常波波射线在传播过程中，遇到地形时，会绕过地形偏向高纬度传播并加密波射线，地形起阻挡屏障作用；波源位于地形中心时，东西走向的地形使波射线发生分支现象，南北走向地形没有这种现象产生。文中还计算了地形存在下，周期为５０ｄ的低频Ｒｏｓｓｂｙ波波射线。结果显示，地形对低频波波射线的影响似乎更复杂。     

大地形和外源激发的定常和非定常的行星波动

利用包括地形和外源的涡度方程，讨论了大地形和外源产生的定常和非定常行星波动，结果显示，在西风带，地形和外源都能激发出定常和非定常行星尺度波型扰动，在东风带只能产生地形和外源附近的衰减型扰动，对非定常流场，西风带中只能在地形或外源的下游激发行星波动，在地形和外源的上游没有扰动流场产生，当时间ｔ≥ｘ／ｕ时，在下游可得到稳定的行星波动，小于这一时间，行星波动处于建立过程中；在东风带，地形和外源激发的衰减