全文获取类型
收费全文 | 175篇 |
免费 | 3篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 1篇 |
大气科学 | 10篇 |
地球物理 | 51篇 |
地质学 | 57篇 |
海洋学 | 18篇 |
天文学 | 35篇 |
自然地理 | 7篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 1篇 |
2021年 | 2篇 |
2020年 | 1篇 |
2019年 | 7篇 |
2018年 | 9篇 |
2017年 | 5篇 |
2016年 | 10篇 |
2015年 | 4篇 |
2014年 | 13篇 |
2013年 | 14篇 |
2012年 | 6篇 |
2011年 | 14篇 |
2010年 | 8篇 |
2009年 | 9篇 |
2008年 | 18篇 |
2007年 | 6篇 |
2006年 | 7篇 |
2005年 | 3篇 |
2004年 | 4篇 |
2003年 | 4篇 |
2002年 | 4篇 |
2000年 | 2篇 |
1998年 | 2篇 |
1995年 | 2篇 |
1994年 | 3篇 |
1993年 | 4篇 |
1992年 | 1篇 |
1991年 | 3篇 |
1989年 | 1篇 |
1988年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
1972年 | 1篇 |
1971年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有179条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
51.
It is very important to know the spectral characteristics for the sake of understanding the remote sensing data. The reflectance characteristics of paddy field canopies vary with time or observational conditions (solar zenith angle, solar azimuth angle, and view zenith angle). A number of field studies have clarified the effects of these conditions on grain canopy reflectance. Most of the field data used in these study, however, were conducted only through the growing season in one year or by grains planted in pots. A series of authors’ experiments were initiated in 1982 and continued from the spring to the autumn every year to 1987. In this study we describe that the remotely sensed spectral data measured on the ground are influenced not only by the grain type, observational conditions, and growing season but also by the solar zenith angle, solar azimuth angle and view zenith angle in relation to scene. In this paper we report the results from the investigation of these various fundamental properties. 相似文献
52.
Shuangshuang Li Sokly Siev Chihiro Yoshimura Oliver Saavedra Sarann Ly 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(12):1439-1452
ABSTRACTThe applicability of multivariate interpolation and information entropy to optimize the raingauge network in the Mekong River Basin (MRB) is investigated. Three different spatial interpolation methods are tested: inverse distance squared (IDS), ordinary kriging (OK) and gradient plus inverse distance squared (GIDS). The validated results confirm that the GIDS method outperformed IDS and OK. The application of information entropy together with GIDS on a network of 57 gauges provided the same information content (7.34 nat) as could be obtained using all 6788 gauges in the MRB. Combining this result with meteorological and hydrological indicators revealed that the number of gauges for the optimum raingauge network could be reduced to 40. The results imply good applicability of the proposed method, which may be used to help prioritize efforts and funds to maintain the raingauge network in a given river basin. 相似文献
53.
Saori Imada Kei Hirose Tetsuya Komabayashi Toshihiro Suzuki Yasuo Ohishi 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2012,39(7):525-530
Compression behaviors of two Al-rich phases in the lower mantle, hexagonal new aluminum-rich (NAL) phase and its high-pressure polymorph Ca-ferrite-type (CF) phase, were examined for identical Na0.4Mg0.6Al1.6Si0.4O4 (40?% NaAlSiO4–60?% MgAl2O4) composition. The volumes of the NAL and CF phases were obtained at room temperature up to 31 and 134?GPa, respectively, by a combination of laser-annealed diamond-anvil cell techniques and synchrotron X-ray diffraction measurements. Fitting of the third-order Birch–Murnaghan equation of state to such pressure–volume data yields bulk modulus K 0?=?199(6) GPa at 1?bar and its pressure derivative K 0′?=?5.0(6) for the NAL phase and K 0?=?169(5) GPa and K 0′?=?6.3(3) for the CF phase. These results indicate that the bulk modulus increases from 397 to 407 GPa across the phase transition from the NAL to CF phase at 43 GPa, where the NAL phase completely transforms into the CF phase on Na0.4Mg0.6Al1.6Si0.4O4. Density also increases by 2.1?% across the phase transition. 相似文献
54.
Masanao Noguchi Tetsuya Komabayashi Kei Hirose Yasuo Ohishi 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2013,40(1):81-91
In order to examine pressure–volume–temperature (P–V–T) relations for CaSiO3 perovskite (Ca-perovskite), high-temperature compression experiments with in situ X-ray diffraction were performed in a laser-heated diamond anvil cell (DAC) to 127 GPa and 2,300 K. We also employed an external heating system in the DAC in order to obtain P–V data at a moderate temperature of 700 K up to 113 GPa, which is the reference temperature for constructing an equation of state. The P–V data at 700 K were fitted to the second-order Birch–Murnaghan equation of state, yielding K 700,1bar = 207 ± 4 GPa and V 700,1bar = 46.5 ± 0.1 Å3. Thermal pressure terms were evaluated in the framework of the Mie–Grüneisen–Debye model, yielding γ 700,1bar = 2.7 ± 0.3, q 700,1bar = 1.2 ± 0.8, and θ 700,1bar = 1,300 ± 500 K. A thermodynamic thermal pressure model was also employed, yielding α700,1bar = 5.7 ± 0.5 × 10?5/K and (?K/?T) V = ?0.010 ± 0.004 GPa/K. Computed densities along a lower mantle geotherm demonstrate that Ca-perovskite is denser than the surrounding lower mantle, suggesting that Ca-perovskite-rich rocks do not rise up through the lower mantle. One of such rocks might be a residue of partial melting of subducted mid-oceanic ridge basalt (MORB) at the base of the mantle. Since the partial melt is FeO-rich and therefore denser than the mantle, all the components of subducted MORB may not return to shallow levels. 相似文献
55.
In order to better estimate meso-scale variabilities in the energetic Kuroshio Extension (KE) region, simultaneous assimilation of drifter-derived velocity data, together with satellite and in situ hydrographic data, is attempted by using a high-resolution 4-dimensional variational data assimilation (4D-VAR) system. Our experimental results, both with and without assimilation of drifter data (Exp. Drf and Exp. Ref, respectively) for the period during Aug–Oct 2005, show that the reproduced fields in Exp. Drf better reflect the observed meso-scale features such as the KE meandering jet and associated eddies. The adjoint sensitivity analysis indicates that our 4D-VAR system has the ability to provide a more realistic timeseries of the meandering jet structures that play a key role in the intergyre exchange between the subtropical and subarctic gyres in the North Pacific. In addition, the observed information from the surface drifters works to improve the subsurface structure. These results illustrate the advantage of our 4D-VAR simultaneous assimilation with the addition of drifter-derived surface velocity information. 相似文献
56.
Takeshi Yoshimura Koji Suzuki Hiroshi Kiyosawa Tsuneo Ono Hiroshi Hattori Kenshi Kuma Jun Nishioka 《Journal of Oceanography》2013,69(5):601-618
Response of phytoplankton to increasing CO2 in seawater in terms of physiology and ecology is key to predicting changes in marine ecosystems. However, responses of natural plankton communities especially in the open ocean to higher CO2 levels have not been fully examined. We conducted CO2 manipulation experiments in the Bering Sea and the central subarctic Pacific, known as high nutrient and low chlorophyll regions, in summer 2007 to investigate the response of organic matter production in iron-deficient plankton communities to CO2 increases. During the 14-day incubations of surface waters with natural plankton assemblages in microcosms under multiple pCO2 levels, the dynamics of particulate organic carbon (POC) and nitrogen (PN), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and phosphorus (DOP) were examined with the plankton community compositions. In the Bering site, net production of POC, PN, and DOP relative to net chlorophyll-a production decreased with increasing pCO2. While net produced POC:PN did not show any CO2-related variations, net produced DOC:DOP increased with increasing pCO2. On the other hand, no apparent trends for these parameters were observed in the Pacific site. The contrasting results observed were probably due to the different plankton community compositions between the two sites, with plankton biomass dominated by large-sized diatoms in the Bering Sea versus ultra-eukaryotes in the Pacific Ocean. We conclude that the quantity and quality of the production of particulate and dissolved organic matter may be altered under future elevated CO2 environments in some iron-deficient ecosystems, while the impacts may be negligible in some systems. 相似文献
57.
58.
Yuki Asahara Motohiko Murakami Yasuo Ohishi Naohisa Hirao Kei Hirose 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2010,289(3-4):479-485
We extended the pressure range of sound velocity measurements for liquid water to 25 GPa and 900 K along the melting curve using a laser heated diamond anvil cell with a combined system of Brillouin scattering and synchrotron X-ray diffraction. Experimental pressure and temperature were obtained by solving simultaneous equations: the melting curve of ice and the equation of state for gold. The sound velocities obtained in liquid water at high pressures and melting temperatures were converted to density using Murnaghan's equation of state by fitting a parameter of the pressure derivative of bulk modulus at 1 GPa. The results are in good agreement with the values predicted by a previously reported equation of state for water based on sound velocity measurements. The equation of state for water obtained in this study could be applicable to water released by dehydration reactions of dense hydrous magnesium silicate phases in cold subducting slabs at lower mantle conditions, although the validity of Murnaghan's equation of state for water should be evaluated in a wider pressure and temperature ranges. The present velocity data provides the basis for future improvement of the accurate thermodynamic model for water at high pressures. 相似文献
59.
Southern India occupies a central position in the Late Neoproterozoic–Cambrian Gondwana supercontinent assembly. The Proterozoic mosaic of southern India comprises a collage of crustal blocks dissected by Late Neoproterozoic–Cambrian crust-scale shear/suture zones. Among these, the Palghat–Cauvery Suture Zone (PCSZ) has been identified as the trace of the Cambrian suture representing Mozambique Ocean closure during the final phase of amalgamation of the Gondwana supercontinent. Here we propose a model involving Pacific-type orogeny to explain the Neoproterozoic evolution of southern India and its final amalgamation within the Gondwana assembly. Our model envisages an early rifting stage which gave birth to the Mozambique Ocean, followed by the initiation of southward subduction of the oceanic plate beneath a thick tectosphere-bearing Archean Dharwar Craton. Slices of the ocean floor carrying dunite–pyroxenite–gabbro sequence intruded by mafic dykes representing a probable ophiolite suite and invaded by plagiogranite are exposed at Manamedu along the southern part the PCSZ. Evidence for the southward subduction and subsequent northward extrusion are preserved in the PCSZ where the orogenic core carries high-pressure and ultrahigh-temperature metamorphic assemblages with ages corresponding to the Cambrian collisional orogeny. Typical eclogites facies rocks with garnet + omphacite + quartz and diagnostic ultrahigh-temperature assemblages with sapphirine + quartz, spinel + quartz and high alumina orthopyroxene + sillimanite + quartz indicate extreme metamorphism during the subduction–collision process. Eclogites and UHT granulites in the orogenic core define P–T maxima of 1000 °C and up to 20 kbar. The close association of eclogites with ultramafic rocks having abyssal signatures together with linear belts of iron formation and metachert in several localities within the PCSZ probably represents subduction–accretion setting. Fragments of the mantle wedge were brought up through extrusion tectonics within the orogenic core, which now occur as suprasubduction zone/arc assemblages including chromitites, highly depleted dunites, and pyroxene bearing ultramafic assemblages around Salem. Extensive CO2 metasomatism of the ultramafic units generated magnesite deposits such as those around Salem. High temperature ocean floor hydrothermal alteration is also indicated by the occurrence of diopsidite dykes with calcite veining. Thermal metamorphism from the top resulted in the dehydration of the passive margin sediments trapped beneath the orogenic core, releasing copious hydrous fluids which moved upward and caused widespread hydration, as commonly preserved in the Barrovian amphibolite facies units in the PCSZ. The crustal flower structure mapped from PCSZ supports the extrusion model, and the large scale north verging thrusts towards the north of the orogenic core may represent a fold-thrust belt. Towards the south of the PCSZ is the Madurai Block where evidence for extensive magmatism occurs, represented by a number of granitic plutons and igneous charnockite massifs of possible tonalite–trondhjemite–granodiorite (TTG) setting, with ages ranging from ca. 750–560 Ma suggesting a long-lived Neoproterozoic magmatic arc within a > 200 km wide belt. All these magmatic units were subsequently metamorphosed, when the Pacific-type orogeny switched over to collision-type in the Cambrian during the final phase of assembly of the Gondwana supercontinent. One of the most notable aspects is the occurrence of arc magmatic rocks together with high P/T rocks, representing the deeply eroded zone of subduction. The juxtaposition of these contrasting rock units may suggest the root of an evolved Andean-type margin, as in many arc environments the roots of the arc comprise ultramafic/mafic cumulates and the felsic rocks represent the core of the arc. The final phase of the orogeny witnessed the closure of an extensive ocean — the Mozambique Ocean — and the collisional assembly of continental fragments within the Gondwana supercontinent amalgam. The tectonic history of southern India represents a progressive sequence from Pacific-type to collision-type orogeny which finally gave rise to a Himalayan-type Cambrian orogen with characteristic magmatic, metasomatic and metamorphic factories operating in subduction–collision setting. 相似文献
60.
Murakami Y Kitamura S Nakayama K Matsuoka S Sakaguchi H 《Marine pollution bulletin》2008,57(6-12):524-528
It is well known that heavy oil (HO) on the sea surface causes serious problems in the aquatic environment. In particular, some species of teleosts which develop on the sea surface are thought to be affected by the HO which flows out from tankers or coastal industry. However, the toxicological effects of HO are not fully understood. We performed exposure experiments using the Pleuronectiformean fish, spotted halibut (Verasper variegatus), which is an important fishery resource in Japan. In course of the development, HO-exposed embryos showed remarkable delay in developmental processes including somite formation. We further observed abnormal development of the head morphology. Notably, treated embryos had relatively small eyes and craniofacial structures. These findings strongly suggest that HO seriously affects the cell proliferation and differentiation of the embryo. In addition, HO-exposed embryos showed abnormal neuronal development. We also performed the exposure in the larval stage. Treatment of post-hatching larvae with HO resulted in significantly greater mortality compared with controls. Through these observations, we finally conclude that HO is strongly toxic to halibut in their early life stages. 相似文献