内蒙古查干凹陷毛11井发现中元古代晚期变质岩:锆石U-Pb定年证据

正1研究目的(Objective)内蒙古查干凹陷位于狼山以西、恩格尔乌苏断裂带以北,从构造单元上属于阿拉善地块。阿拉善地块元古宙归属问题还存在争论,有的观点认为属于华北克拉通西北缘的一部分;另一种观点认为属塔里木或者扬子克拉通。本文通过对查干凹陷毛11钻井下变质岩锆石年代学研究,为阿拉善地块基底归属提供新的年代学证据,同时为阿拉善地区提供一个新的基础资料。     

重塑压实黏土Ⅰ型断裂试验研究

为探究重塑黏土Ⅰ型断裂韧度,本文在前人研究基础上,通过对应变控制式直剪仪进行改造,消除了传统三点弯曲试验对土体断裂韧度测试所带来的影响,研制了土体Ⅰ型断裂韧度测试仪,并对重塑黏土进行了一系列试验。试验结果表明:新研制出的土体Ⅰ型断裂韧度测试仪具有较好的可靠性;对具有相同物理状态的试样,U 形裂纹试样的断裂韧度最大,三角形裂纹试样的断裂韧度最小;试样的含水率和干密度其断裂韧度KIC具有显著影响,随含水率增加,断裂韧度呈现先增后减的变化规律,而随干密度增加,断裂韧度几乎线性增加;在试验采用的加载速率范围内,加载速率对断裂韧度的影响较小。     

环境因素对毛乌素沙地旱柳树干液流的影响分析

在干旱-半干旱地区,研究植物的耗水特征及与气象因子、地下水水位的关系对水资源合理开发利用和生态环境保护具有重要的意义。采用原位监测方法,对气象、树干液流、土壤含水率和地下水水位进行了观测,研究了毛乌素沙地广泛分布及与地下水关系密切的旱柳与气象因子、土壤含水率以及地下水水位的关系。研究表明:水汽压亏缺和潜在蒸散发是控制旱柳耗水最重要的气象因素;研究期内,土壤含水率对旱柳耗水的影响较小;旱柳的耗水与地下水具有密切的关系,随着水位埋深的增大,旱柳的耗水先增大后减小,在水位埋深1.25 m处达到最大。利用地下水的昼夜波动计算了地下水的蒸散发消耗量,发现旱柳的用水与地下水的蒸散发消耗量具有一定的相关性,表明地下水是旱柳重要的用水水源。     

中亚陆间区南带上古生界构造和油气远景(代序)

安加拉-阿尔丹和华北-塔里木两大克拉通之间地壳相对活动性的地区,地质界多称为中亚陆间区,其南带大部分在中国境内。近年来,中国开始把其上古生界作为油气新区、新领域。多数人认为,其在晚古生代已形成过渡型地壳区,其中有许多地块已逐步拼合,在其上发育裂谷型沉积地质体,未受到区域变质,若干实体变形微弱并被上覆层掩盖而得到保存。源于上古生界的油气既可赋存在其内,也可运聚于中生界或基岩内,在其西段已发现了大中型油气田群。但其整体地质研究程度偏低,仍有许多重大区域地质、油气地质问题存在歧见。针对其近年来的进展、存在的问题和油气远景评价作了概括性的评论。     

内蒙古西乌旗罕乌拉地区下二叠统寿山沟组碎屑锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

中亚造山带南缘二叠纪的构造背景一直存在争议。以内蒙古西乌旗罕乌拉地区发育的寿山沟组为研究对象,开展了野外地质、岩石学、碎屑锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄研究。2个样品锆石阴极发光图像和Th/U值指示,锆石为岩浆成因锆石。103颗碎屑锆石年龄测试结果显示,年龄信息可划分为5组:285~328Ma,峰期年龄302Ma;338~361Ma;455~490Ma;757Ma;1278Ma、2380Ma。最年轻的年龄为285Ma,结合侵入其中的花岗岩同位素年龄,指示西乌旗罕乌拉地区寿山沟组沉积时限介于285~280Ma之间,主体沉积时代应为早二叠世Sakmarian期—Artinskian期。寿山沟组碎屑锆石反映出近源、快速沉积的特点,沉积物源中含有较多的火山碎屑物,可能代表弧后盆地沉积,为早二叠世古亚洲洋闭合前洋壳俯冲消减作用的沉积响应。结合区域资料,寿山沟组碎屑锆石的年龄对应于东北地区的变质基底及其后的构造岩浆事件,物源区物质主要来自于苏尼特左旗—锡林浩特—西乌旗一带早石炭世末—晚石炭世岩浆弧及贺根山—东乌旗一带,并进一步限制了华北与西伯利亚两大板块的缝合线应位于寿山沟组发育地区的南部,即索伦缝合带,拼合时代最可能为晚二叠世—早三叠世。     

Soil wettability in ground engineering: fundamentals,methods, and applications

Wettability is a fundamental property controlling the extent of wetting in flat and granular solids. In natural soils, wettability affects a wide variety of processes including infiltration, preferential flow and surface runoff. In mineral processing, wettability is paramount in enhancing the efficiency of separation of minerals from gangue. The manipulation of surface wettability is equally crucial in many industrial applications. For instance, superhydrophobic surfaces are those on which water drops roll off easily and as such are used for self-cleaning applications. Therefore, while wettability is strongly cross-disciplinary, its evolution has been discipline-specific with a direct extrapolation or transfer of concepts, approaches, and methods to ground engineering unlikely to remain valid. This paper synthesizes relevant aspects from surface chemistry, materials science, mining engineering, and soil science, and discusses their implications within the context of new granular materials that resist wetting, for use in barriers or ground improvement and, in unsaturated soils, where the effects of wettability have been documented.     

Laboratory investigations of inert gas flow behaviors in compact sandstone

The seepage evolution behavior of compact rock is significant for the stability and safety of many engineering applications. In this research, both hydrostatic and triaxial compression tests were conducted on compact sandstone using an inert gas, namely argon. A triaxial compression test with a water permeability measurement was carried out to study the difference between the gas permeability and water permeability evolutions during the complete stress–strain process. Based on the experimental data, the hydrostatic stress-dependent gas permeability was discussed firstly. A second-order function was proposed to predict and explain the gas slippage effect. The mechanical properties and crack development of the sandstone samples were discussed to better understand the permeability evolution with crack growth during the complete stress–strain process. The results show that the gas permeability evolution can be divided into five stages according to the different crack growth stages. Then, the permeability changes in the crack closure stress \( \sigma_{\text{cc}} \), crack initiation stress \( \sigma_{\text{ci}} \), crack damage stress \( \sigma_{\text{cd}} \) and peak stress \( \sigma_{\text{p}} \) with confining pressures were analyzed. Finally, we found that the difference between the corrected gas permeability and water permeability can be attributed to the interaction between the water and sandstone grains.     

A review of jet grouting practice and development

The jet grouting technique was originally initiated in the UK and progressively developed following the needs for larger geometries, ease of implementation, economic rationality, and better mechanical properties. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the development and practice of jet grouting through some fundamental concepts and relevant case studies. Subsequently, a laboratory testing program is performed to investigate the factors affecting the efficacy of the twin grouting system. The principal objective of this study is to define the suitable conditions for the jet grouting efficacy regarding economic rationality as well as quality control. For the first phase, a particular emphasis is placed on the properties of jet columns, site geological conditions, implementation methods, and the justification of each selected treatment option, while the second phase mainly focuses on the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests. It follows that the mono-fluid jet grouting system presents a valuable flexibility in dealing with complex configurations; yet, the double- and triple-fluid systems are more indicated for cases of mass treatments for which large portions of space must be treated and overlapping is fundamentally important for the reliability of the treatment. Furthermore, it was established that the efficacy of the twin-jet method primarily relies on the proper adequacy of some critical parameters, namely, the cement content, the water-cement ratio, and cement slurry-water glass ratio. In spite of some uncertainties inherently related to the technique, the UCS test represents the quintessential laboratory index for evaluating the mechanical properties of grouted elements, deriving jet grouting efficacy and the economics of jet grouts.     

利用电子探针研究甘肃陇南赵家庄金矿载金矿物特征

应用偏光显微镜与电子探针相结合的手段是研究载金矿物的主要方法。本文采用镜下鉴定和电子探针分析技术,对赵家庄金矿中载金矿物含量、形态特征及其与其他矿物的空间关系开展研究,并对载金矿物进行定性和定量分析,探寻具有找矿意义的载金矿物和总结标志矿物特征。结果表明:研究区金矿石中主要载金矿物为黄铁矿,少量为黄铜矿、闪锌矿,这些载金矿物中Au含量依次为:细晶黄铁矿粗晶黄铁矿草莓状黄铁矿黄铜矿。不同时期的黄铁矿(粗晶黄铁矿、细晶黄铁矿、草莓状黄铁矿)中Au的分布均匀,但存在差异性,主要表现为细晶黄铁矿和草莓状黄铁矿中的Au含量较高(平均含量0. 14%～0. 18%),这种现象表明此类矿物为构造热液期形成,金易富集。Au以两种形式存在,一种是"可见金"包裹于脉石矿物中,或以裂隙金的形式嵌布在矿物晶隙及裂隙中;另一种是"不可见金"以纳米级颗粒金的形式存在于载金矿物中,也是Au的主要存在形式。本研究为后期矿床的成因、成矿过程和成矿机理研究提供了佐证,同时易于根据含金矿物的特征选择合适的选冶方法。     

中国可可托海世界地质公园地质遗迹资源类型及价值

正1地质公园简介中国可可托海世界地质公园位于亚洲中部内陆地区、中国新疆维吾尔自治区阿勒泰地区富蕴县、青河县境内;行政区划隶属新疆伊犁哈萨克自治州阿勒泰地区行政公署。公园总面积2337.90 km2,地理坐标:东经89°29'45″～90°11'54″,北纬46°42'04″～47°43'45″,海拔1072～3234 m(张成功