岷江上游“7·10”泥石流对公路的危害方式及成因

2013-07-10,岷江上游暴发大型群发性泥石流灾害,泥石流以淘刷、冲击、淤塞、压顶、磨蚀等方式对地震灾区公路直接造成严重破坏,其引发的溃决洪水、河床上升增大受灾范围,加重了灾害损失。分析了泥石流对道路工程的成灾方式:对桥梁工程破坏包括淤塞、淘蚀基础、冲毁等;对路面路基工程破坏包括淤埋、淘刷路基、冲毁等;对隧道工程破坏包括堵塞隧道洞口,破坏洞口墙体并引起衬砌支护结构破坏,损毁隧道内附属设施等;对明洞、棚洞工程破坏包括堵塞洞口、冲毁洞口结构,磨蚀洞顶,压顶并引起衬砌支护结构破坏,损毁排水、通风、电力附属设施等。分析了泥石流造成道路严重损失的原因,其中,公路工程选址不当、风险估计不足,桥涵过流净空不足,泥石流防灾措施不完善,泥石流的严重冲刷、冲击作用是主要原因。针对泥石流危害公路的特征和地震区泥石流防治中存在问题,提出了地震山区公路在灾后重建与道路规划中的减灾措施。     

梅汛期区域性暴雨的多尺度分析及临近预警

利用常规观测数据、NECP1°×1°逐6 h再分析资料、FY2E卫星黑体亮度温度TBB资料以及南京、常州多普勒天气雷达产品,对2012年江苏出梅之前的最后一场区域性暴雨过程进行多尺度分析。在此基础上,探索该类暴雨的临近预警线索,结果表明:(1)此次过程的雨带呈准纬向分布,属于典型的梅汛期静止锋降水。过程中主要有两次降水集中时段,两个阶段的降水性质存在差异,但都具备较高的降水效率。(2)中高纬大范围稳定的阻塞形势,为此次持续性暴雨过程的产生提供了有利的大尺度环流背景。而在此过程中,两段降水集中期的形成与地面触发系统的出现和维持有着较为密切的联系。(3)此次过程中两段降水集中期内的物理量特征以及TBB的演变情况和其对应的降水特征存在异同。(4)雷达特征分析表明,此次过程具有较高的降水效率和较长的持续时间。实际业务工作中可以通过判断回波的质心高度和边界层风速有无跃增来估计降水效率的潜势。当推断较高的降水效率潜势将持续较长时间时,应及时发布暴雨警报。     

船舶定线制在海图上的表示方法分析

详细介绍了船舶定线制的起源以及在国内的应用情况,结合实例分析船舶定线制的完整体系,提出自己的分类方法,重点探讨船舶定线制这种复杂要素在海图上的表示原则和方法,以及如何在航海通告中明确表述该要素。     

Effect of Decadal Changes in Air-Sea Interaction on the Climate Mean State over the Tropical Pacific

Collaboration of interannual variabilities and the climate mean state determines the type of E1 Nifio. Recent studies highlight the impact of a La Nifia-like mean state change, which acts to suppress the convection and low-level convergence over the central Pacific, on the predominance of central Pacific （CP） E1 Nifio in the most recent decade. However, how interannual variabilities affect the climate mean state has been less thoroughly investigated. Using a linear shallow-water model, the ef- fect of decadal changes of air-sea interaction on the two types of El Nifio and the climate mean state over the tropical Pacific is examined. It is demonstrated that the predominance of the eastem Pacific （EP） and CP E1 Nino is dominated mainly by relationships between anomalous wind stresses and sea surface temperature （SST）. Furthermore, changes between air-sea interactions from 1980-98 to 1999-2011 prompted the generation of the La Ninalike pattern, which is similar to the background change in the most recent decade.     

Genetic parameter estimation for juvenile growth and upper thermal tolerance in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus Linnaeus)

Twenty-six half-sib groups(53 full-sib families) of turbot, Scophthalmus maximus Linnaeus, were obtained by artificial insemination. We measured growth in the offspring(40–50 individuals/family) and subjected them to a thermal tolerance challenge over a period of 34 d. There was no significant difference in daily mortality(range: 0.580%–1.391%) between Days 1–13 during the thermal tolerance challenge. However, daily cumulative mortality increased rapidly between Days 14 and 29, especially on Days 15 and 16(20.232% and 34.377%, respectively). Mortality was highest on Day 16(14.145%). We estimated the genetic parameters using the average information restricted maximum likelihood method. We used a likelihood ratio test to evaluate the significance of effects in models with and without identity as an effect, and compared the final log-likelihoods(maximum log L). Lastly, we estimated phenotypic and genetic correlation between the upper thermal tolerance limit(UTT) and body weight(BW). In this study, the positive phenotypic correlation was low between UTT and BW(0.093±0.029). The genetic correlation between UTT and BW was negative(-0.044±0.239). The heritability for upper thermal tolerance was low(0.087±0.032), which is of approximately moderate heritability. The heritability for body weight was high(0.303±0.074). Our results suggest there is significant potential for improvement in the culture of turbot by selective breeding.     

北部湾经济区陆海统一似大地水准面精化关键技术研究北大核心CSCD

针对北部湾经济区生态文明建设、海洋资源利用和海洋应急救援事件处置等缺乏统一的陆海高程基准等难题,本文首先利用广西北部湾经济区2764项重力数据和8项GNSS水准数据,应用第二类Helmert凝聚法,反演得到广西北部湾海域及沿大陆海岸线向内陆延伸约15 000 km^(2)区域内置信度较高的重力似大地水准面;然后参考重力场选取EIGEN6C4模型,重力似大地水准面对比8项GNSS水准资料,其精度达2.2 cm;最后采用球冠调和分析方法,将2′×2′格网似大地水准面精度提高至1.6 cm,并将陆地高程基准传递到广西北部湾海域及其海岛上,实现该区域陆海高程基准的统一。     

融合工程地质资料与GNSS高精度监测信息的黑方台党川黄土滑坡稳定性研究

针对当前滑坡稳定性评价方法难以准确获取评价结果的突出问题,本文提出了一种融合地下水、工程地质钻孔信息及灌溉资料等工程地质资料与GNSS观测的黄土滑坡稳定性评价方法。首先,基于高分辨率影像、高精度DEM、地层地貌等多源异构数据,建立滑坡精细三维地质模型体;然后,将滑坡外部高精度GNSS监测数据作为模型外部约束条件,进一步构建起融合工程地质资料与GNSS观测的黄土滑坡稳定性综合评价模型。本文方法能够将滑坡外部大地测量高精度监测数据与工程地质数值模拟手段有机融合,实现了滑坡外部形变信息与内部变形机制的有效耦合。通过我国典型黄土滑坡域甘肃黑方台党川实际发生的两起滑坡失稳事件验证表明,本文方法可有效地提高滑坡稳定性评价结果的精度及可靠性,获取了与试验区域滑坡实际失稳情况相一致的结果:HF06/07 GNSS监测点首先失稳,其次是HF09监测点失稳,最后是HF05监测点失稳。基于本文方法获取的滑坡失稳顺序与实际滑坡发生顺序高度一致,显著优于现有的滑坡失稳数值模拟法。     

Cloning of Na~+/H~+ antiport gene from Dunaliella salina

正1 Introduction Dunaliella Salina,which taxi Dunaliella,Volvocales,Chlorophyceae Chlorophyta,is unicell algae with double flagllum at top,and cup shaped chloroplast without cell wall.Dunaliella Salina is the most salt tolerance eucaryotes.It can grow at the range of salt concentration     

基于移动GIS和LBS技术的地名地址快速采集方法研究与应用

介绍移动GIS的特点和LBS定位技术,针对目前地名地址采集过程中存在的数据采集不准确、不规范和周期长等一系列问题,设计了从外业拍照、数据采集、内业录入到数据更新的地名地址数据采集流程,并开发了地名地址数据采集系统,其次,介绍地名地址采集系统的实现和功能配置,并结合实例分析系统的应用情况.系统既简化了地名地址的采集流程,同时又提高了数据采集的效率.