Long-term temporal trends (1992-2008) of imposex status associated with organotin contamination in the dogwhelk Nucella lapillus along the Icelandic coast

Using the dogwhelk Nucella lapillus as a biomonitor, we evaluated the organotin contamination along the Icelandic coast over nearly two decades. In 2008, adult dogwhelks collected from 30 locations were examined for imposex status. In 2009, tissue concentrations of six organotin species in dogwhelks from 16 of the 30 locations were analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Tributyltin was the most predominant residue ranging from 2.07 to 70.38 μg kg(-1) dw, while triphenyltin was also detected at concentrations up to 22.79 μg kg(-1) dw. Higher total organotin concentrations and imposex indices were observed at locations near large harbours (Reykjavík and Hafnarfj?reur). By comparing the current imposex results with those of previous surveys (1992-2003), we found that recovery was slow near the large harbours, but more apparent near the smaller harbours. We also observed a notable increase in imposex at several northwest sites implying incessant input of organotins.     

PAHs contamination and bacterial communities in mangrove surface sediments of the Jiulong River Estuary, China

Sixteen sediment samples collected from eight transects in a mangrove swamp of the Jiulong River Estuary, Fujian, China were investigated for their content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and the biodegradation potential of the indigenous microorganisms. The bacterial community structures in the mangrove sediments and in enrichment cultures were also investigated. The results showed that the total PAHs concentration of mangrove sediments ranged from 280 to 1074 ng g(-1) dry weight, that the PAHs composition pattern in the mangrove sediments was dominated by high molecular weight PAH components (4-6 rings), and that Benzo[ghi]perylene and Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene were the most dominant at different stations. Abundant PAH-degrading bacteria were found in all the stations, the values of phenanthrene-degrading bacteria ranged from 5.85 x 10(4) to 7.80 x 10(5) CFU g(-1) dry weight, fluoranthene-degrading bacteria ranged from 5.25 x 10(4) to 5.79 x 10(5) CFU g(-1) dry weight, pyrene-degrading bacteria ranged from 3.10 x 10(4) to 6.97 x 10(5) CFU g(-1) dry weight and the benzo(a)pyrene-degrading bacteria ranged from 5.25 x 10(4) to 7.26 x 10(5) CFU g(-1) dry weight. DGGE analysis of PCR-amplified 16S rDNA gene fragments confirmed that there was a remarkable shift in the composition of the bacterial community due to the addition of the different model PAH compound phenanthrene (three ring PAH), fluoranthene(four ring PAH), pyrene(four ring PAH) and benzo(a)pyrene(five ring PAH) during enrichment batch culture. Eleven strains were obtained with different morphology and different degradation ability. The presence of common bands for microbial species in the cultures and in the native mangrove sediment DNA indicated that these strains could be potential in situ PAH-degraders.     

双偏振天气雷达同时收发模式的一种改进方法

目前,双偏振多普勒天气雷达的同时发射方式受到了普遍关注,作者针对该方式中偏振参量差分反射率存在较大误差的问题,研究了双发射通道相位差与差分反射率精度的关系,以及双通道发射功率差、接收机增益等对差分反射率的影响.在此基础上,给出了双偏振同时发射方式的一种改进方案,并讨论了该方案的优势和特点,设计了双偏振多普勒天气雷达同时发射方式下回波信号的处理框图.     

华南暴雨试验研究进展

‘”海峡两岸及邻近地区暴雨试验研究”已于1997年8月批准立项为国家”九五”攀登计划专项,其研究目标是通过外场试验获取暴雨发生发展全过程的中尺度观测资料,应用天气动力学理论。物理量的诊断分析、资料同化。以及中尺度数值模拟。研究华南暴雨发生发展的机制和规律以及中尺度预报理论和方法‘具体设置7个研究课题：（1）暴雨综合观测试验问）雷达、卫星等遥感资料的分析与应用问）暴雨综合观测试验资料库（4）资料集成和中尺度论断分析预报（5）非静力暴雨中尺度数值模式与变分同化（6）中尺度对流系统天气动力学研究门）台风系统中尺…     

偏振微波雷达探测大气研究进展及几个问题的考虑

近年国际上偏振微波雷达探测大气研究有了重要进展,成为雷达气象学研究的新热点,并可能成为天气雷达发展的重要方向。介绍了微波圆偏振技术现状和双线偏振测量技术体制的重要进展,以及近年在气象应用中所获得的最新研究结果,展望了偏振探测技术的应用前景。进一步讨论了开展偏振探测技术研究所应考虑的有关偏振类型、实现体制、方案设计、产品算法和波段选择中的问题,对偏振探测技术研究具有参考价值。