SINOSIPHONIA, A NEW RED ALGAL GENUS OF THE RHODOMELACEAE FROM NORTH CHINA

In a collecting trip to Cangkou, Qingdao (Tsingtao) on February 28, 1948 we found in the drift a few specimens of a soft, rose-red, and very profusely branched elegant seaweed reminding one of the members of the Dasyaceae and the Lophothalieae of the Rhodomelaceae. But insufficient materials prevented us from proceeding the study any further. Since then a large collection of this beautiful seaweed has been accumulated. Having studied the abun-     

区分成矿物质来自地壳与地壳以下(上地幔)的可能标准

近十年来,在许多矿床地质人员中,有一种将内生矿床区为两大类的明显倾向.这是由于实验岩石学最近的研究成果导致的,即火成岩由两种主要方式形成:a)由地球上地幔内的玄武岩熔融体形成;b)由地壳内再生成因的花岗岩熔融体形成.因此,从理论上推测应存在两类内生矿床.第一类包括这样的一些矿床,其组份(特别是金属组份)大多数来源于上地幔,也就是岩浆成因的.第二类矿床的组份都是硅铝层亮内或其     

工业城市的末日及城市财政危机

本文论述了当代社会后工业化阶段经济需求和技术能力使得大城市、尤其是工业城市过多,从而出现了普遍的城市衰退以及城市购政危机等方面的问题。然而与“城市末日”这一理论相反,本文认为城市并非正在丧失经济基础,而是在转换其经济基础。过去城市是生产中心,而现在城市却成为生产、分配,消费协调中心。英国的一些实际情况可以说明这一论点。本文最后得出一些切实可行的政策结论。     

电子α杯应用于铀矿勘探的最新进展

我们将一种新的氧测量器件,即电子α杯的资料与通常用于铀矿勘探的非电子的塑料α杯的资料进行了对比。为了收集到与塑料α杯相当的勘探数据,电子α杯埋藏三天就可以了。电子α杯的优点是埋藏时间短并在野外可立即读数,主要缺点是仪器成本高。这种杯也许有可能用于铜矿的勘探。     

从构造形成的新旋转假说观点看构造圈的形变规律

本文是为中国地球科学研究者而写的。文中介绍了地球构造圈构造形成的新的旋转假说及其一些成果:构造圈断块性和断裂继承性活动的规律。      

21世纪的世界石油资源

预测世界石油资源不仅确定了局部区域的能源潜力 ,还有其战略意义。２０世纪最为现实的工作是多次计算了石油的潜在资源 ,而且 ,最新计算的油气资源量通常超过以前的计算 ,并总是因发现以石油、凝析气等不同相态存在的新油田而得到证实。如在２０世纪初 ,П．Уикс确定世界石油资源总量为９５亿ｔ,但到１９５８年已增至２０７０亿ｔ,而到世纪末估计有５４００亿ｔ。在石油资源评价上有如此大的进展与烃类普查方法的完善 ,在油气生成领域内理论工作的成功 ,地球物理和地球化学研究的应用以及在成因基础上对含油气性前景论证的充分有关。…     

Biophysical warming patterns of an open-top chamber and its short-term influence on a Phragmites wetland ecosystem in China

Passive-warming, open-top chambers(OTCs) are widely applied for studying the effects of future climate warming on coastal wetlands. In this study, a set of six OTCs were established at a Phragmites wetland located in the Yellow River Delta of Dongying City, China. With data collected through online transmission and in-situ sensors, the attributes and patterns of realized OTCs warming are demonstrated.The authors also quantified the preliminary influence of experimental chamber warming on plant t...     

统一的地震定标律

发生在加利福尼亚的地震之间的等待时间分布遵从简单的统一定标律。这一定标律的有效范围从数十秒到数十年。短期丛集，也就是通常所说的余震，只是地震一般层级性质的短期限定。没有唯一的区分主震和余震的操作方法。在该统一定标律中，古登堡一里克特b值、余震大森定律的指数-1和地震的分维数df表现为关键指数。     

Carbon dioxide emissions from Deccan volcanism and a K/T boundary greenhouse effect

A greenhouse warming caused by increased emissions of carbon dioxide from the Deccan Traps volcanism has been suggested as the cause of the terminal Cretaceous extinctions on land and in the sea. We estimate total eruptive and noneruptive CO2 output by the Deccan eruptions (from 6 to 20 x 10(16) moles) over a period of several hundred thousand years based on best estimates of the CO2 weight fraction of the original basalts and basaltic melts, the fraction of CO2 degassed, and the volume of the Deccan Traps eruptions. Results of a model designed to estimate the effects of increased CO2 on climate and ocean chemistry suggest that increases in atmospheric pCO2 due to Deccan Traps CO2 emissions would have been less than 75 ppm, leading to a predicted global warming of less than 1 degree C over several hundred thousand years. We conclude that the direct climate effects of CO2 emissions from the Deccan eruptions would have been too weak to be an important factor in the end-Cretaceous mass extinctions.     

A rapid method for hydraulic profiling in unconsolidated formations

Information on vertical variations in hydraulic conductivity ( K ) can often shed much light on how a contaminant will move in the subsurface. The direct-push injection logger has been developed to rapidly obtain such information in shallow unconsolidated settings. This small-diameter tool consists of a short screen located just behind a drive point. The tool is advanced into the subsurface while water is injected through the screen to keep it clear. Upon reaching a depth at which information about K is desired, advancement ceases and the injection rate and pressure are measured on the land surface. The rate and pressure values are used in a ratio that serves as a proxy for K . A vertical profile of this ratio can be transformed into a K profile through regressions with K estimates determined using other techniques. The viability of the approach was assessed at an extensively studied field site in eastern Germany. The assessment demonstrated that this tool can rapidly identify zones that may serve as conduits for or barriers to contaminant movement.