Farmland function evolution in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain: Processes,patterns and mechanisms

Using counties as the basic analysis unit, this study established an evaluation index system for farmland function (FF) from economic, social, and ecological perspectives. The method combining entropy weighting and multiple correlation coefficient weighting was adopted to determine the weights, and the FF indices were calculated for each county. Subsequently, the spatio-temporal characteristics of farmland function evolution (FFE) were analyzed and the coupled relationships between the sub-functions were explored based on a coupling coordination model. At the same time, the dynamic mechanism of FFE was quantitatively analyzed using a spatial econometric regression analysis method. The following major conclusions were drawn: (1) The farmland economic function generally exhibited a declining trend during 1990–2010, and it is essential to point out that it was stronger in underdeveloped and agriculture-dominated counties, while it continuously weakened in developed areas. Farmland social function decreased in 60.29% of the counties, whereas some counties, which were mostly located in north of Zhengzhou and west of Dezhou and Cangzhou, Yantai, and Weihai, clearly increased. A dramatic decline in farmland ecological function occurred around Beijing, Tianjin, and Jinan. Areas located in the northern part of Henan Province and the central part of Shandong Province saw an increase in ecological function. (2) There was a significant spatial difference in the coupling degree and coordination degree of the sub-functions, and the decoupling phenomenon highlighted this. The changes in social function and ecological function lagged behind economic function in developed areas, but these were highly coupled in some underdeveloped areas. (3) FFE in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain (HHHP) is resulted from the comprehensive effects of regional basic conditions and external driving factors. Furthermore, the transitions of population and industry under urbanization and industrialization played a decisive role in the evolution intensity and direction of farmland sub-systems, including the economy, society, and the ecology. According to the results mentioned above, promoting the transformation from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture should be regarded as an important engine driving sustainable development in the HHHP. Taking different regional characteristics of FFE into account, differentiated and diversified farmland use and management plans should be implemented from more developed urban areas to underdeveloped traditional agricultural areas.     

Projected changes in population exposure to extreme heat in China under a RCP8.5 scenario

Overall population exposure is measured by multiplying the annual average number of extremely hot days by the number of people exposed to the resultant heat. Extreme heat is also subdivided into high temperature (HT) and extremely high temperature (EHT) in cases where daily maximum temperature exceeds 35°C and 40°C, respectively. Chinese population exposure to HT and EHT over four periods in the future (i.e., 2021–2040, 2041–2060, 2060–2081 and 2081–2100) were projected at the grid cell level in this study using daily maximum temperature based on an ensemble mean of 21 global climate models under the RCP8.5 scenario and with a population projection based on the A2r socio-economic scenario. The relative importance of population and climate as drivers of population exposure was evaluated at different spatial scales including national and meteorological geographical divisions. Results show that, compared with population exposure seen during 1981–2010, the base period, exposure to HT in China is likely to increase by 1.3, 2.0, 3.6, and 5.9 times, respectively, over the four periods, while concomitant exposure to EHT is likely to increase by 2.0, 8.3, 24.2, and 82.7 times, respectively. Data show that population exposure to HT is likely to increase significantly in Jianghuai region, Southwest China and Jianghan region, in particular in North China, Huanghuai region, South China and Jiangnan region. Population exposure to EHT is also likely to increase significantly in Southwest China and Jianghan region, especially in North China, Huanghuai, Jiangnan, and Jianghuai regions. Results reveal that climate is the most important factor driving the level of population exposure in Huanghuai, Jianghuai, Jianghan, and Jiangnan regions, as well as in South and Southwest China, followed by the interactive effect between population and climate. Data show that the climatic factor is also most significant at the national level, followed by the interactive effect between population and climate. The rate of contribution of climate to national-level projected changes in exposure is likely to decrease gradually from ca. 70% to ca. 60%, while the rate of contribution of concurrent changes in both population and climate is likely to increase gradually from ca. 20% to ca. 40% over the four future periods in this analysis.     

中国旅游经济系统失配度空间格局分异与形成机理分析

将中国省级行政区作为分析单元,以旅游资源开发、旅游产业质量、社会系统支持、公共服务投入、生态环境质量五大子系统构建旅游经济系统失配度评价指标体系,对旅游经济失配度进行系统评价和空间格局测度,并用多元回归模型分析影响因素。研究发现：① 中国省级行政区旅游经济失配呈现极差化与相对差异较大的特点,广东省为失配度最低区、宁夏回族自治区为失配度最高区;② 2015年中国旅游经济失配以低度失配为主,主要影响因素有旅游资源丰富度、旅游劳动生产率、等级公路网密度、互联网普及率、森林覆盖率等;③ 旅游经济系统失配空间分异的主要机制：旅游资源禀赋与开发质量是基础动力,旅游市场经济环境是直接动力,旅游目的地公共服务质量是外在动力。     

基于水稳定同位素的地下水型陆地植被识别:研究进展、面临挑战及未来研究展望

地下水型陆地植被具有重要的生态服务功能,但正遭受严重威胁,亟需在水资源管理中予以关注和保护.准确识别地下水型陆地植被是其管理和保护的前提.水稳定同位素方法是识别地下水型陆地植被的唯一直接方法,其中:①直接比较法只能获得植物对地下水利用的定性信息,但目前的应用最为广泛;②同位素混合模型能定量评估植物对地下水的依赖性,近期随贝叶斯模型的引入取得了较大进展.当前,植物对地下水利用的时空异质性增加了基于水稳定同位素的地下水型陆地植被的识别难度,还限制了小尺度上的研究成果向大尺度上的拓展;部分植物以间接方式利用地下水,对地下水型陆地植被的识别造成了困扰;根系吸水过程中的同位素分馏和同一植株内木质部水同位素组成的时空异质性常使植物样品的代表性受到质疑;采集到具有代表性的地下水和土壤样品也是当前面临的一个主要挑战.为应对上述挑战,未来应加强3个方面的研究:①研发植物木质部水同位素组成的原位在线连续观测技术,提升基于水稳定同位素的地下水型陆地植被识别的时空分辨率;②借助控制性的同位素标记实验,精细刻画地下水-土壤-植物体系内同位素体的迁移和分馏过程;③将同位素观测与具有物理学意义的生态水文模型相耦合,提高定量评估的分辨率和降低不确定性,探索解决时空异质性和升尺度难题的途径.     

诸氏鲻虾虎鱼卵黄蛋白原基因全长cDNA的克隆及表达

为了探讨诸氏鲻虾虎鱼(Mugilogobius chulae)卵黄蛋白原组织分布及17β-雌二醇(E2)暴露对雄性诸氏鲻虾虎鱼Vg的影响,作者采用RT-PCR、RACE方法克隆并分析了诸氏鲻虾虎鱼卵黄蛋白原(Vg)基因的全长cDNA序列,并对Vg在诸氏鲻虾虎鱼体内的组织表达分布及E2诱导后不同时间表达规律进行了研究。结果表明:获得的Vg cDNA序列全长5 067 bp,开放阅读框(ORF)含4 992 bp,编码1 663个氨基酸,含有信号肽、多丝氨酸区域,推测其编码氨基酸分子量为186.2 ku,等电点为9.31。荧光定量PCR结果显示,Vg在诸氏鲻虾虎鱼肝脏中表达量最高。E2诱导后,诸氏鲻虾虎鱼肝脏中Vg m RNA的表达量第1天达到小高峰,第3天达到高峰,第7天开始明显下降,第11天仍能维持较高水平。本研究成功克隆了诸氏鲻虾虎鱼Vg基因全长cDNA序列,诸氏鲻虾虎鱼肝脏是Vg主要合成场所,E2诱导雄性诸氏鲻虾虎鱼Vg的表达作为生物标志物用于近海环境雌激素类物质的检测具有良好的应用前景。     

河北省海冰灾害风险评估和区划研究

开展海冰灾害风险评估和区划,有助于指导结冰海区沿岸各级政府制定和优化海冰防灾减灾决策,以最大限度地减轻海冰灾害造成的损失。本研究选取冰厚、密集度及冰期和各类承灾体密度、规模等作为评估指标,将河北省沿海县级行政区所辖海域作为基本评估单元,利用权重分析等方法,对河北省的海冰灾害风险进行综合评估。在此基础上,结合海冰防灾减灾的实际需求对河北省的海冰灾害风险进行空间区域的等级划分,并绘制风险等级分布图。所得结果较为真实地揭示了海冰灾害风险在河北省所辖海域的分布状况,可为河北省的海冰灾害风险管理等提供依据。     

2015/2016年冬季胶州湾冰情特征分析

因受陆地影响显著且盐度较低以及地理位置相对偏北,胶州湾每年冬季都有不同程度的结冰现象。文章利用卫星遥感和岸基监测所获取的冰情数据并结合历史资料,对2015/2016年冬季胶州湾的冰情进行综合分析,给出了该海域2015/2016年冬季的冰日、冰期、冰型、冰厚、海冰表面特征、浮冰密集度和结冰范围以及浮冰流向流速、地理分布等冰情基本特征。     

基于 MongoDB 的闽西客家文化数据存储设计与分析

针对客家文化数据类型多样、结构复杂的问题,探讨并构建客家文化数据分类体系。结合客家文化数据的分类和MongoDB数据模型,设计客家文化遗产数据存储模型和客家文化基础设施数据模型。探讨基于MongoDB的客家文化遗产数据查询和索引的构建方法和流程。在100 MPs局域网内基于C/S结构分别构建单机和集群测试环境,测试不同客家文化数据单机和集群的存取性能。实验表明,基于MongoDB的客家文化数据模型能够较好地实现类型多样、结构复杂的客家文化数据的管理,便于以增加节点的方式来提高存储能力和读写性能。     

A new algorithm for tight integration of real-time GPS and strong-motion records, demonstrated on simulated, experimental, and real seismic data

The complementary advantages of GPS and seismic measurements are well recognized in seismotectonic monitoring studies. Therefore, integrated processing of the two data streams has been proposed recently in an attempt to obtain accurate and reliable information of surface displacements associated with earthquakes. A hitherto still critical issue in the integrated processing is real-time detection and precise estimation of the transient baseline error in the seismic records. Here, we report on a new approach by introducing the seismic acceleration corrected by baseline errors into the state equation system. The correction is performed and regularly updated in short epochs (with increments which may be as short as seconds), so that station position, velocity, and acceleration can be constrained very tightly and baseline error can be estimated as a random-walk process. With the adapted state equation system, our study highlights the use of a new approach developed for integrated processing of GPS and seismic data by means of sequential least-squares adjustment. The efficiency of our approach is demonstrated and validated using simulated, experimental, and real datasets. The latter were collected at collocated GPS and seismic stations around the 4 April 2010, E1 Mayor-Cucapah earthquake (Mw, 7.2). The results have shown that baseline errors of the strong-motion sensors are corrected precisely and high-precision seismic displacements are real-timely obtained by the new approach.