埃迪卡拉系微生物碳酸盐岩沉积特征及其地质意义:以川中磨溪8井区灯影组四段为例*

四川盆地高石梯—磨溪地区埃迪卡拉系灯影组广泛发育一套微生物碳酸盐岩。以磨溪8井区灯影组四段(灯四段)为例,通过精细解析高频向上变浅序列的岩石学特征,发现灯四段微生物云岩及序列建造具有如下特征: (1)向上变浅序列主要由凝块石云岩、叠层石云岩和(含微生物)泥晶云岩3类构成,伴以少量微生物粘结颗粒云岩;(2)完整的典型向上变浅序列自下而上由(含微生物)泥晶云岩(A段)、平直状叠层石云岩(B段)、小型丘状叠层石云岩(C段)、分散状凝块石云岩(D段)、格架状凝块石云岩(E段)、微生物粘结颗粒云岩(F段)等6个岩性单元构成,但大量的序列由A-C-E、A-C-D、B-D、B-C-D-E等不完整的岩性单元构成,且序列顶底皆以凝块石云岩/(含微生物)泥晶云岩、叠层石云岩/(含微生物)泥晶云岩等不平整的岩性突变面或暴露面区分;(3)埃迪卡拉系微生物碳酸盐岩发育于浪基面之上至平均海平面附近的相对高能区域,且凝块石云岩较叠层石云岩形成的环境能量高。该研究结果不仅揭示出较高能的浅水环境控制了规模性微生物岩分布这一规律,而且对区域储集层预测具有指导意义,同时也因建立了有别于现代微生物的环境分布模式而具有重要的沉积学意义。     

Analysis on the key findings related to emission trends and drivers from the IPCC AR6 report北大核心CSCD

Emission Trends and Drivers chapter, an important basis for international climate negotiations, is one of the core contents of each assessment report. The trends and driving factors of greenhouse gas emissions from 1990 to 2019 are discussed in this chapter in the Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) released in April 2022. Compared with the content in the Fifth Assessment Report (AR5), in terms of historical emission trends, AR6 focuses on the changes from 2010 to 2019, highlights the importance of the 1.5°C temperature control target, pays more attention to carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and non-carbon dioxide greenhouse gas emissions related to land use change, and further emphasizes the carbon emission trend and its regional evolution trend from the perspective of production and consumption. Besides, the short-term impact of COVID-19 on global carbon emissions is explored. In terms of driving factors, besides analyzing the global and regional economic driving factors, the economic driving factors and differences in energy, industry, construction, transportation, agriculture, forestry and other land use (AFOLU) sectors are also studied, which systematically reflects the similarities and differences of driving factors at the global, regional and departmental levels. The results affirm the positive impact of existing climate policies on climate mitigation highlight the benefits of technological change and innovation on climate mitigation, and identify the adverse impact of carbon locking of fossil energy infrastructure. Finally, based on the full analysis of the key conclusions in AR6, some suggestions on China's low-carbon development are given. © 2022 Chinese Journal of Digestive Endoscopy All rights reserved.     

The diurnal wind variation in a variable eddy viscosity semi-geostrophic Ekman boundary-layer model: Analytical study

Summary ?A time-dependent semi-geostrophic Ekman boundary-layer model (SG), including slowly varying eddy diffusivity with height and inertial term effects, is developed to investigate the diurnal wind variation in the planetary boundary layer (PBL). An approximate analytical solution of this model is derived by using the WKB method, which extends the Tan and Farahani (1998)’s solution by including the vertical variable eddy viscosity. The features of the diurnal wind variation in the PBL mainly depend on three factors: the latitude, horizontal momentum advection and eddy viscosity. The vertical variable eddy viscosity has little influence on diurnal wind variation in the PBL at the low latitude, however its effect may be exacerbated in the mid- and high latitudes. In comparing with the constant eddy viscosity case, the decreasing (increasing) with height eddy viscosity produces a large (small) maximum wind speed (MWS) in the PBL, however, the eddy viscosity that has a mid-layer peak in the vertical gives rise to a higher height of occurrence of MWS. For the boundary-layer wind structure, there is a singular point when the modified SG inertial oscillation frequency η equals the forcing frequency ω. The isotachs of boundary-layer wind speed have almost no tilt to left or right relative to time evolution and the occurrence time of the MWS is the earliest at the singular point. The feature will be enhanced in the decreasing with height eddy viscosity case and weakened in the eddy viscosity initially increasing with height case. Received April 6, 2001; accepted December 27, 2001     

High mortality and poor growth of green mussels, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Perna viridis</Emphasis>, in high chlorophyll-<Emphasis Type="Italic">a</Emphasis> environment

The current study was carried out from May 2014 to April 2015 to estimate the stock status of P. viridis in Marudu Bay. The gonad development was monitored by histological examination, while the population parameters including asymptotic length (L_∞), growth coefficient (K), mortality rate (Z, F and M), exploitation level (E) and recruitment of P. viridis were estimated using the lengthfrequency data. Results of the current study demonstrated that P. viridis in Marudu Bay spawned throughout the year with two major peaks, one in April to May and another one in October to December. The recruitment pattern was continuous with the peak in May to June 2014, which corresponded to the first spawning peak in April. However, no significant recruitment was observed from the second spawning peak due to the difference in spawning timing between male and female populations. The estimated asymptotic length (L_∞), growth coefficient (K), total mortality (Z), natural mortality (M), fishing mortality (F) and growth performance (ф) of P. viridis in Marudu Bay were estimate to be 117 mm, 0.97 yr^-1, 4.39 yr^-1, 1.23 yr^-1, 3.16 yr^-1 and 4.123, respectively. The exponent b of the lengthweight relationship was 2.4 and exploitation level (E) was 0.72. The high mortality, low condition indices and negative allometric of P. viridis in Marudu Bay is caused by a lack of suitable food in the surrounding water.     

鹤岗煤矿区地面沉降时空特征InSAR时间序列监测研究

随着煤矿资源的开采,鹤岗地区地面沉降现象逐渐加剧。以鹤岗煤矿区作为研究对象,收集2019年8月31日—2021年8月20日的59景Sentinel-1B SAR影像,采用SBAS时间序列InSAR技术提取煤矿开采引起的地面沉降。对鹤岗煤矿区地面沉降在空间上的演化过程进行分析,重点研究了鹤岗南部富力煤矿、兴安煤矿和峻德煤矿地表形变的时空演化特征,结果表明:鹤岗煤矿区的地面沉降呈现出不均匀、漏斗式的运动特征,提取的19个沉降漏斗全部对应鹤岗煤田开采区,最大形变位于新陆煤矿开采区,形变速率约370mm/a。在研究期内,自相对于第一景影像的沉降漏斗形成后,后续矿井开采沉降漏斗的空间形态基本保持不变。鹤岗南部富力煤矿和兴安煤矿4号形变点所在工作面的地表形变仍然处于快速下沉状态,有必要持续跟踪。     

旋链角毛藻对中肋骨条藻化感作用的影响因素

在已知旋链角毛藻对中肋骨条藻具有化感作用的前提下,进行了温度、生长时期、光照、细菌等因素对旋链角毛藻化感作用的影响、化感物质的萃取及粗提物对中肋骨条藻的化感效应检验等实验,研究了旋链角毛藻化感物质的性质、降解特点,并初步测定了化感物质的结构。结果表明:旋链角毛藻化感作用与生长时期有关,指数期滤液化感作用强于衰亡期;旋链角毛藻的化感物质在50℃以下保持稳定,光和细菌均引起旋链角毛藻化感物质的降解,且细菌降解强于光降解;旋链角毛藻的乙酸乙酯萃取物具有明显的化感活性,该萃取物在255～260 nm处有特征吸收峰。综合以上结果,推测旋链角毛藻化感物质可能为分解温度在50℃以上的易被光和细菌降解的苯衍生物,从极性上看较易溶于乙酸乙酯。     

塔里木盆地西北部寒武系纽芬兰统玉尔吐斯组混积岩早成岩期岩溶特征及其地质意义

通过塔里木盆地西北部阿克苏-柯坪-乌什地区露头剖面的宏微观工作发现,寒武系纽芬兰统玉尔吐斯组存在3期稳定发育的古暴露面,并具有(1)铁质结壳层、(2)近地表喀斯特(塑形)角砾、(3)溶沟、溶缝及囊状溶洞、(4)岩溶系统内的角砾、陆源碎屑充填物、(5)暴露面之上的地层超覆等暴露标志。综合分析认为研究区玉尔吐斯组并非连续沉积,内部存在多个沉积间断,并与肖尔布拉克组为区域性不整合接触。同时,在与灰岩和白云岩早成岩期岩溶特征对比分析的基础上,指出先期渗滤条件较差的混积岩(硅质碎屑-碳酸盐混合沉积)早成岩期岩溶以充填程度较高的溶沟、溶缝和小型溶洞发育为特征,且水平潜流岩溶带发育不成熟;以此区别于灰岩和云岩型早成岩期岩溶发育的相控溶蚀孔洞、岩溶花斑和近原地角砾化等典型特征。研究结果表明开放条件下的早成岩期暴露岩溶特征及储集层优化与否更多受岩石组构特征控制,由此推断在相对封闭的埋藏条件下,先期致密化的岩石难以经历岩溶改造形成相控的孔洞型储集层。这一认识不仅对深埋条件下储集层的形成和保持具有重要的借鉴意义,也为早成岩期岩溶地质理论的丰富和发展提供了新的材料。     

塔里木盆地轮南奥陶系古潜山油气成藏与分布

轮南奥陶系碳酸盐岩古潜山形成于晚加里东-海西期,经过多期构造运动的改造,形成了现今的构造格局;经过了多期成藏过程,形成了现今复杂的油气水分布特征.轮南奥陶系古潜山油气主要分布在潜山围斜部位,潜山面以下约150 m范围内,原油分布不受局部构造影响.总体看来,轮南奥陶系古潜山油气分布主要与储集空间的分布、水动力作用和差异聚集作用有关;轮南奥陶系古潜山油水界面是倾斜的,油气藏具有一定的水动力特征,可能是一个大型的水动力圈闭油气藏.     

Evolution of meteorological drought characteristics in Vietnam during the 1961–2007 period

The drought conditions over the seven sub-climatological regions in Vietnam are examined using three meteorological drought indices: de Martonne J, PED, and Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI). According to the seasonal probabilities of drought occurrence estimated by the de Martonne index, droughts mainly occur between November and March in all the sub-regions. The PED index and the SPI index generally show high probabilities of drought occurrence from April to August and from May to October, respectively. In the southern sub-regions of Vietnam, droughts more frequently occur in El Niño years and wet conditions are more frequently observed in La Niña years. However, such El Niño–Southern Oscillation influences are not clearly observed in the northern sub-regions. During 1961–2007, droughts significantly increased in the northern part of Vietnam. In the southern regions, PED shows increasing drought conditions while J and SPI show decreasing drought trends for almost all the stations.