北大西洋涛动和南半球环状模不同位相配置对我国南方夏季降水的协同影响

利用我国气象台站观测资料和再分析格点数据,诊断研究了前期春季(4-5月份)北大西洋涛动(North Atlantic Oscillation,NAO)和南半球环状模(Southern Annular Mode,SAM)在不同位相配置下对我国南方夏季降水异常变化的协同影响作用.分析结果表明,在剔除ENSO最强信号影响后,我国南方夏季降水异常分布显著地依赖于前期春季两个较为独立的年际变率主模态(NAO和SAM)位相的不同配置,即降水异常型主要表现为两个因子单独作用的叠加效果,当前春SAM正位相偏强而NAO负位相偏强时,二者的影响呈现协同正效应,我国南方夏季(6-7月份)降水表现为全区正异常,特别在长江中下游及其以南附近地区最为显著;反之,当前春SAM呈偏强的负位相而NAO偏强的正位相配置时,二者的影响呈现协同负效应,对应我国夏季长江中下游地区降水表现为显著负异常.对其可能的影响机理研究表明,在SAM与NAO位相相反情况下,二者均会通过海气相互作用过程影响到热带大西洋北部海温的异常变化,进而形成协同作用,增强北大西洋海温三极子模态异常信号,从而通过欧亚大陆的遥相关波列对东亚夏季风和我国南方降水产生显著影响.相比之下,当SAM与NAO同位相时,可能表现为抵消效应,不利于北大西洋海温三极子发展,从而削弱对我国南方夏季降水的影响,此方面还有待进一步研究.     

电离层氧离子83.4 nm辐射计算方法

氧离子83.4 nm辐射是由氧离子辐射跃迁产生的,是电离层极紫外日辉辐射中辐射强度较高的信号之一.从空间对其进行成像为高层大气状态的监测提供了一种强有力的方法.为了准确的描述辐射强度的分布情况,本文在MSISE-00大气模型下,用AURIC计算氧离子83.4 nm辐射的初始体辐射率、电离层氮气分子、氧气分子以及氧原子的密度分布,接着,用Chapman函数生成氧离子密度分布,计算共振散射作用下的体辐射率.然后,给出在不同的初始辐射率情况下,沿天底方向观测的辐射强度对比.最后,与Anderson的计算结果作了两组对比,指出由电子碰撞产生的初始体辐射率占比提高16%,总的辐射强度会提高30%.本文的工作为低热层大气氧离子密度和光电子通量的探测提供支持,这对电离层电子密度反演具有理论意义.     

面向目标自适应三维大地电磁正演模拟

本文将面向目标的自适应算法应用于三维大地电磁数值模拟.使用基于非结构网格的矢量有限单元法对起伏地表大地电磁正演模拟问题进行求解.使用利用垂向电流密度在物性界面上的连续性对后验误差进行估算的算法指导网格优化.由于全局自适应算法针对观测点优化网格的能力较差,本文通过求解正演问题的对偶问题计算后验误差的加权系数,并对相关加权系数进行改进,从而实现了面向目标的自适应算法.与传统基于结构化网格的电磁正演算法相比,采用非结构网格能够更好地拟合起伏地表和地下不规则异常体.由于使用了面向目标的自适应算法,本文能够使用更少的网格达到较高的计算精度.通过对比本文模拟结果与半空间响应和全局自适应算法计算结果,并通过对比使用改进前和改进后加权系数得到的网格剖分结果验证了本文算法的有效性.     

A Method to Estimate the Hydraulic Conductivity of the Ground by TRT Analysis

The knowledge of hydraulic properties of aquifers is important in many engineering applications. Careful design of ground‐coupled heat exchangers requires that the hydraulic characteristics and thermal properties of the aquifer must be well understood. Knowledge of groundwater flow rate and aquifer thermal properties is the basis for proper design of such plants. Different methods have been developed in order to estimate hydraulic conductivity by evaluating the transport of various tracers (chemical, heat etc.); thermal response testing (TRT) is a specific type of heat tracer that allows including the hydraulic properties in an effective thermal conductivity value. Starting from these considerations, an expeditious, graphical method was proposed to estimate the hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer, using TRT data and plausible assumption. Suggested method, which is not yet verified or proven to be reliable, should be encouraging further studies and development in this direction.     

Simulating Stable Isotope Ratios in Plumes of Groundwater Pollutants with BIOSCREEN‐AT‐ISO

BIOSCREEN is a well‐known simple tool for evaluating the transport of dissolved contaminants in groundwater, ideal for rapid screening and teaching. This work extends the BIOSCREEN model for the calculation of stable isotope ratios in contaminants. A three‐dimensional exact solution of the reactive transport from a patch source, accounting for fractionation by first‐order decay and/or sorption, is used. The results match those from a previously published isotope model but are much simpler to obtain. Two different isotopes may be computed, and dual isotope plots can be viewed. The dual isotope assessment is a rapidly emerging new approach for identifying process mechanisms in aquifers. Furthermore, deviations of isotope ratios at specific reactive positions with respect to “bulk” ratios in the whole compound can be simulated. This model is named BIOSCREEN‐AT‐ISO and will be downloadable from the journal homepage.     

强震记录对三个土层地震反应分析程序的检验

为了对国内外广泛使用的3个一维土层地震反应分析程序（DENSOR98、SHAKE91和LSSRLI-1）的计算精度进行检验,本文以4次地震中唐山响瞠井下三维台阵的基岩强震记录为输入地震动,利用这3个程序对此测井剖面分别进行计算,计算结果分别与同次地震中相应的台阵地表强震记录相比较,可得如下结论：在地震动不大的情况下,3个程序都可满足工程要求,其差别为SHAKE91算得的峰值偏大,DENSOR98算得的峰值偏小,LSSRLI-1得到的反应谱更接近实际,DENSOR98得到的反应谱偏低,从安全角度和经济角度综合来看,LSSRLI-1程序较好。     

A finite element model for seismic response analysis of deformable rocking frames

A new finite element model to analyze the seismic response of deformable rocking bodies and rocking structures is presented. The model comprises a set of beam elements to represent the rocking body and zero‐length fiber cross‐section elements at the ends of the rocking body to represent the rocking surfaces. The energy dissipation during rocking motion is modeled using a Hilber–Hughes–Taylor numerically dissipative time step integration scheme. The model is verified through correct prediction of the horizontal and vertical displacements of a rigid rocking block and validated against the analytical Housner model solution for the rocking response of rigid bodies subjected to ground motion excitation. The proposed model is augmented by a dissipative model of the ground under the rocking surface to facilitate modeling of the rocking response of deformable bodies and structures. The augmented model is used to compute the overturning and uplift rocking response spectra for a deformable rocking frame structure to symmetric and anti‐symmetric Ricker pulse ground motion excitation. It is found that the deformability of the columns of a rocking frame does not jeopardize its stability under Ricker pulse ground motion excitation. In fact, there are cases where a deformable rocking frame is more stable than its rigid counterpart. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

野马河—大雪山断裂肃北段晚第四纪活动特征研究

前人对野马河—大雪山断裂肃北段的晚第四纪活动特征研究相对薄弱,缺少有关断层最新活动的证据。本文在高分辨率遥感解译的基础上,对肃北断裂开展全段1∶5 000的地质地貌填图,通过探槽开挖、放射性碳(~(14)C)测年以及低空无人机摄影测量(small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles,简称sUAV)等工作,对该断裂晚第四纪活动性进行系统研究。发现肃北断裂为一条全新世的逆冲活动断裂,晚第四纪以来具有多期活动,西水沟探槽剖面揭示出2次古地震事件,古地震离逝时间为(4 192.5±97.5)a B.P.之后。     

C60全珊瑚海水混凝土的钢筋锈蚀行为研究

采用线性极化电阻法,测试了C60全珊瑚海水混凝土（coral aggregate seawater concrete,简称CASC）的线性极化曲线、自腐蚀电位（E_corr）和极化电阻（R_p）,研究了不同暴露时间、不同种类钢筋CASC的钢筋腐蚀行为,提出了提升岛礁CASC结构耐久性的建议措施。结果表明：随着暴露时间的延长,CASC的E_corr和R_p均逐渐降低,钢筋的耐蚀性能逐渐减弱。不同种类钢筋CASC耐蚀性能规律为：316不锈钢筋优于有机新涂层钢筋,优于普通钢筋。即使暴露0 d,CASC中普通钢筋仍会发生锈蚀,表明普通钢筋在不附加任何防腐措施的条件下不适用于岛礁CASC结构。综合分析阻锈效果和成本因素,316不锈钢筋的性价比明显低于有机新涂层钢筋,建议岛礁CASC工程优先选用有机新涂层钢筋。     

Vertical variations and composition of dissolved free amino acid in the seawater of the Yap Trench in the western Pacific Ocean

The composition and concentration of dissolved free amino acid (DFAA) of seawater samples collected in May 2016 from the surface to the hadal zone of the northern region of the Yap Trench were analyzed by pre-column derivatization of o-phthalaldehyde. Results show that the average concentration of DFAA in the study area was 0.47±0.36 µmol/L. In different sampling stations, the concentrations of DFAA with water depth showed complex variation patterns. At the sediment-seawater interface, the concentrations of DFAA in the western side of the trench were obviously higher than that in its eastern side. In the study area, there were no significant correlations between the concentrations of DFAA and the environmental parameters such as concentrations of chlorophyll a (Chl a), dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, and dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), indicating that the concentrations of DFAA in seawater of the trench are affected by many factors, such as photosynthesis, respiration, temperature, pressure, illumination, and circulation. The dominant DFAA are similar in different water layers of sampling stations, including aspartic acid (Asp), glutamic acid (Glu), glycine (Gly), and serine (Ser). The composition of different amino acids, and the relative abundance of acidic, basic, and neutral amino acids might be related to the sources and consumption of various amino acids. Nine pairs of amino acids in the DFAA showed significantly positive relationship by correlation matrix analysis, suggesting that they might share similar biogeochemical processes. The degradation index (DI) of the DFAA in seawater of the Yap Trench could reflect the degradation, source, and freshness of DFAA in the trench to some extents. This is a preliminary study of amino acids from sea surface to hadal zone in the ocean, more works shall be done in different trenches to reveal their biogeochemical characteristics in extreme marine environments.