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851.
852.
Aude Lemonsu Raphaëlle Kounkou-Arnaud Julien Desplat Jean-Luc Salagnac Valéry Masson 《Climatic change》2013,116(3-4):679-692
The evolution of the Parisian urban climate under a changing climate is analyzed from long-term offline numerical integrations including a specific urban parameterization. This system is forced by meteorological conditions based on present-climate reanalyses (1970–2007), and climate projections (2071–2099) provided by global climate model simulations following two emission scenarios (A1B and A2). This study aims at quantifying the impact of climate change on air temperature within the city and in the surroundings. A systematic increase of 2-meter air temperature is found. In average according to the two scenarios, it reaches +?2.0/2.4°C in winter and +?3.5/5.0°C in summer for the minimum and maximum daily temperatures, respectively. During summer, the warming trend is more pronounced in the surrounding countryside than in Paris and suburbs due to the soil dryness. As a result, a substantial decrease of the strong urban heat islands is noted at nighttime, and numerous events with negative urban heat islands appear at daytime. Finally, a 30% decrease of the heating degree days is quantified in winter between present and future climates. Inversely, the summertime cooling degree days significantly increase in future climate whereas they are negligible in present climate. However, in terms of accumulated degree days, the increase of the demand in cooling remains smaller than the decrease of the demand in heating. 相似文献
853.
Junfeng Wang Yaqing Wu Yue Zhao Shutong He Zhanfeng Dong Wenguang Bo 《Climate Policy》2013,13(10):1250-1269
ABSTRACTThe per capita CO2 emissions (PCCE) of many developing countries like China have been rising faster than total CO2 emissions, and display spatial divergence. Such temporal growth and spatial divergence will have a significant influence on efforts to mitigate CO2 emissions. Given the research gap on the impact of the structural transition in population on PCCE, we constructed an econometric model using the dynamic panel method. The results reveal that the population structural transition has a significant nonlinear impact on PCCE, as the rate of population growth in China decelerates. Both demographic ageing and urban-rural migration have a stronger impact on PCCE than other factors. This effect, however, decreases beyond a certain threshold. An increase in the number of households due to urbanization and family downsizing has resulted in a positive effect on PCCE, without a threshold turning point. The research also finds that an increased share of the service sector in employment can reduce PCCE only if the sector employs more than 31.56% of the total employed population. Overall, these findings indicate that policymakers should pay attention to the prominence of the demographic structural transition for effective climate policy.Key policy insights
Policymakers should address rising per capita carbon emissions (PCCE) and their spatial divergence in future climate policies, not just total CO2 emissions.
The transitioning demographics of ageing and urbanization in China show a nonlinear, inverted U-shaped effect on PCCE instead of a continuously positive effect.
Based on the nonlinear effect of employment structure on PCCE, policymakers should focus on the relationship between the structural transition of the economy and PCCE in future climate mitigation policies.
854.
相对湿度对黄瓜叶片光合特性的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以黄瓜“津优1号”为试材,于2011年4月在南京信息工程大学进行人工环境控制试验,设计8个相对湿度梯度,用LI 6400进行光合参数的测定,系统研究不同相对湿度处理对黄瓜叶片光合特性的影响。结果表明:黄瓜叶片的净光合速率和胞间CO2浓度随着相对湿度的减小而降低;气孔导度、蒸腾速率和叶片的水分利用效率在相对湿度为75%时达到最大;而气孔限制值在相对湿度为75%时降到最低;黄瓜叶片最大光合作用速率(Pmax)与空气相对湿度呈指数关系:Pmax=22375e189085fRH;随空气相对湿度的减小,黄瓜叶片的表观量子效率、光饱和点均降低,而光补偿点增加;相关分析表明,净光合速率与叶面水汽压差呈负相关,而与气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度、相对湿度、蒸腾速率均呈正相关,且相关性均达到极显著水平。 相似文献
855.
856.
Although Type Ia supernovae(SNe Ia) play an important role in the study of cosmology, their progenitors are still poorly understood. Thermonuclear explosions from the helium double-detonation sub-Chandrasekhar mass model have been considered as an alternative method for producing SNe Ia. By adopting the assumption that a double detonation occurs when a He layer with a critical ignition mass accumulates on the surface of a carbon–oxygen white dwarf(CO WD), we perform detailed binary evolution calculations for the He double-detonation model, in which a He layer from a He star accumulates on a CO WD. According to these calculations, we obtain the initial parameter spaces for SNe Ia in the orbital period and secondary mass plane for various initial WD masses. We implement these results into a detailed binary population synthesis approach to calculate SN Ia birthrates and delay times. From this model,the SN Ia birthrate in our Galaxy is ~0.4- 1.6 × 10-3yr-1. This indicates that the double-detonation model only produces part of the SNe Ia. The delay times from this model are ~ 70- 710 Myr, which contribute to the young population of SNe Ia in the observations. We found that the CO WD + sdB star system CD-30 11223 could produce an SN Ia via the double-detonation model in its future evolution. 相似文献
857.
Jian-Qing Feng Jian-Jun Liu Fei He Wei Yan Xin Ren Xu Tan Ling-Ping He Bo Chen Wei Zuo Wei-Bin Wen Yan Su Yong-Liao Zou Chun-Lai Li 《中国天文和天体物理学报》2014,(12)
The Extreme Ultraviolet Camera(EUVC) onboard the Chang'e-3(CE-3)lander is used to observe the structure and dynamics of Earth's plasmasphere from the Moon. By detecting the resonance line emission of helium ions(He+) at 30.4 nm, the EUVC images the entire plasmasphere with a time resolution of 10 min and a spatial resolution of about 0.1 Earth radius(RE) in a single frame. We first present details about the data processing from EUVC and the data acquisition in the commissioning phase, and then report some initial results, which reflect the basic features of the plasmasphere well. The photon count and emission intensity of EUVC are consistent with previous observations and models, which indicate that the EUVC works normally and can provide high quality data for future studies. 相似文献
858.
基于COM技术的地图符号库结构设计与实现 总被引:21,自引:1,他引:20
从符号库的结构设计入手,提出了一种新的符号库模型--双层地图符号库模型。该模型在速度、质量上继承了其他模型的优点;利用COM技术实现了地图符号库设计系统,该系统在符号库的易挂接性和符号的可扩展性上有了很大的提高。 相似文献
859.
通过在香花岭矿田三合圩矿区开展地面高精度磁法快速掌握了磁异常分布特征,并推测磁异常与NE向断裂带有关,再利用可控源音频大地电磁测深对磁异常进行解析,发现中深部存在连续高阻隆起异常,推断为隐伏岩体,在此基础之上对磁异常进行了半定量反演,发现磁性体呈似层状赋存于岩体外接触带且位于低阻异常带中。利用物探推断成果选择有利部位进行钻探揭露,钻孔ZK502、ZK1601和ZK3001成功验证推断的隐伏岩体并在跳马涧组砂岩中揭露了高品位锡、铅锌多金属矿。结合钻孔、物探成果和地质背景等,对本矿区成矿规律进行了综合分析研究,建立了成矿模型,并圈定了下一步找矿靶区。利用综合物探方法对深部成矿预测具有良好效果。 相似文献
860.
YIN Qingqing XIANG Xinkui YU Zhendong YANG Xiufeng WANG Tianchen ZHONG Bo TAN Rong LIAO Jianhai ZHU Yuansong 《《地质学报》英文版》2020,94(6):1860-1873
The Pengshan Sn-polymetallic ore field is located in the southeastern part of the Yangtze block, spanning the southeast edge of the MLYDZ and the northern edge of the mid-segment of the Jiangnan Uplift, and on one side of the MLYDZ. The studies of LA–ICP–MS zircon U–Pb chronology and petrogeochemistry for Early Cretaceous acid granites from the Pengshan ore field were carried out in this paper. We report zircon U–Pb geochronology and whole-rock geochemistry for acid granites in the Pengshan ore ... 相似文献