青藏高原内部三条磨拉石带的确定及其构造意义

青藏高原内部自北而南沿羌北－昌都、班公湖－怒江、雅鲁藏布江分别发育了3条磨拉石带。各磨拉石带的长度均超过1000km,宽度一般仅数十km,沉积物具有碎屑性、粗粒性、再旋回性,沉积体厚3000～8000m,具有在挤压造山背景下形成的磨拉石建造的基本特征。各磨拉石带都位于各自的地体缝合带并跨越其两侧的部分地带。北边的为金沙江缝合带及其西延部分,中部的为班公湖－怒江缝合带,南边的为雅鲁藏布江缝合带。3条磨拉石带标志着有3条雄伟的造山带与之毗邻。北边的是可可西里－巴颜喀拉造山带,中部和南部的两条造山带一直不为人们所注意,文中建议分别称之为藏中造山带和藏南造山带。此外,造山作用发生的时间明显滞后于地体缝合的时间,其间有后继的浅海盆地发育。磨拉石带的发育历史勾绘出青藏高原构造演化遵循一个程式,即"地体拼接－后继性盆地发育－造山作用发生－山脉消亡",这是很有意义的构造现象。     

Trends in Extremes of Surface Humidity, Temperature, and Summertime Heat Stress in China

l. IntroductionPrevious studies have shown climatological and seasonal surface temperature and humld-ity dlstributlons over China (Wang and Gaffen, 200l ) and evaluated trends in seasonal meansof several surface humidity variables, rainfall, temperatures, and apparent temPerature for thelast half century (Easterling et al., 2000, Zhai et al., 1999, Zhai and Eskridge, l997, Zhai andRen, l997, Wang and Gaffen, 200l). However, trends in local temperatures, and particularlytrends in extreme he…     

西天山元古界的热液沉积岩及其与成矿的关系

在西天山中元古界蓟县系首次发现硅质岩、钾长岩和透辉岩等热液沉积岩,其中钾长岩和透辉岩在国内外极为少见。通过对这些热液沉积岩的地球化学特征的综合研究,确定这些热液沉积岩为海底喷气—沉积成因。最后,表文还分析了该热液沉积岩形成的构造背景和沉积环境以及与铜矿化的成因联系。根据金属硫化物的硫同位素组成和微量元素组成特征进一步说明热液沉积岩和金属硫化物的主要物质来自深部地层中循环的同生热液。     

斑岩铜矿床中脉体形成的动力学

斑岩铜矿床中的存在大量脉体，其形成与矿床的蚀为，尤其是成矿作用具有成因联系，本文应用弹性力学和流体力学以及断裂力学理论，建立了脉体形成的动力学模型，确定了脉体延长度方向和宽度方向的扩展速率以及长度，宽度，长宽比，流体压力与脉体扩展时间的关系式，并具体分析了斑岩铜矿床中脉体的形太性质和体间复杂的穿切关系，研究了脉体的形成与蚀变成化作用的内在联系，最后简要地说明了本项研究的理论和实际意义。     

抗SA影响的卡尔曼滤波技术

运用现代时间序列分析方法对ＳＡ定位误差模型进行建模研究，并由此提出抗ＳＡ影响的卡尔曼德彼模型。     

Bias in the estimation of wave-induced fatigue damage of offshore structures

The most widely adopted approach for estimating the wave-induced fatigue damage of the tubular joints of offshore structures relies on a wave scatter diagram to characterise the wave environment. This paper shows that the commonly adopted approach to compiling the wave scatter diagram and the subsequent selection of characteristic individual wave height and period pairs for analysis purposes will almost invariably lead to bias in the estimation of fatigue lives. A statistical argument is developed to show the sources and nature of this bias. This is supported by fatigue calculations based on individual wave data collected in the northern North Sea. It is found that the current practice in most cases introduces a substantial conservative bias into estimated fatigue lives. An alternative procedure for producing wave scatter diagrams and selecting wave heights and periods for subsequent finite-element analysis is presented which should lead to unbiased (or at least much less biased) estimates of fatigue lives.     

Effect of sampling rate on wave height statistics

This paper examines the effects of digital processing, and therefore discretisation or sampling, of sea surface elevations that are, in reality, continuous. Using random linear wave theory, probability distributions for the measured (as opposed to actual) wave amplitudes and heights have been obtained which are conditional on the sampling rate. It is shown that with low sampling rates there are significant departures from the usual Rayleigh distribution. Rates of 1 Hz or less may lead to significant underestimation of the probability of very large waves. An analysis of full-scale measurements obtained from a platform in the North Sea supports these results.     

Biomarker responses to pollution in two invertebrate species: Scrobicularia plana and Nereis diversicolor from the Cádiz bay (SW Spain)

The clam Scrobicularia plana and the polychaete worm Nereis diversicolor were collected in several sites from a littoral enclosure in SW Spain. The aim of our study was to relate various biomarker responses in these species to a pollution gradient caused by untreated domestic discharges and to verify the adequacy of the selected species as sentinels in this habitat. The biomarkers selected were the antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and DT-diaphorase (DT-D). In addition, the activities of cytochrome P450-dependent ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity, the phase II detoxifying enzyme glutathione S-transferase (GST) and the neurotoxicity marker acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were measured. Metallothionein levels were selected as biomarkers of heavy metals exposure in both species. The results suggest a different response in the water filtering organism (clam) and the sediment eater (polychaete), probably as a consequent of different pollution exposure and that samples from the "Ca?o Sancti-Petri" were exposed to biologically active compounds that altered some of their biochemical responses. AChE was the most sensitive biomarker in both species and N. diversicolor proved to be a more robust sentinel in this ecosystem.