Cretaceous metamorphism in the Austroalpine Matsch Unit (Eastern Alps): The interrelation between deformation and chemical equilibration processes

In the polymetamorphic Austroalpine Matsch Unit (European Eastern Alps) Cretaceous upper greenschist facies metamorphism overprinted Variscan and Permian magmatic and metamorphic assemblages. Mineral compositional and (micro-)structural data of metapelites and metapegmatites document different mechanisms of interrelated deformation and (re-)equilibration during Cretaceous overprinting: i) Microfractures in relic garnet represented pathways for material transport, and thus established material exchange between intragranular domains and the matrix. Major element equilibration by fast diffusion along microfractures contrasts with limited volume diffusion in adjacent host garnet. ii) Syn-tectonic breakdown of staurolite initially to paragonite, then chloritoid allows correlating reaction progress with the formation of different fracture sets. iii) Syn-tectonic mineral growth with shape-preferred orientation in foliation domains contrasts with radial growth in microlithons and strain shadows of the mylonitic foliation. iv) Syn-tectonic unmixing of pre-existing oligoclase (an_14–16) produced fine-grained aggregates of two supposedly coexisting plagioclase-phases (an_3–6 and an_20–25) in strain shadows of the oligoclase-clasts. v) Pre-existing deformation-induced heterogeneities in the spatial distribution of phases and their preferred orientation influence the kinetics of phase equilibration. Understanding the mechanisms of the mutual interrelation between deformation and phase equilibration is a prerequisite for deducing PT-constraints from strained metamorphic rocks. New garnet—whole rock Sm-Nd data from metapegmatites indicate their emplacement at 263–280 Ma and provide an important age constraint on the interrelated deformation and re-equilibration processes.     

Rock displacement and thermal expansion study at historic heritage sites in Slovakia

The paper discusses the results of the research devoted to the preservation of cultural heritage carried out within last two decades in Slovakia. The aim of the study depended on monitoring of selected castle rocks showing instability problems due to extremely slow displacements of creep character. Apart from traditional methods of investigation at one test site (Spis Castle), authors implemented in their work the study of thermal expansion of the rocks as a result of seasonal periodic temperature changes having potential influence on displacements and numerical modeling in order to understand better the landslide failure mechanism. The results obtained from all study sites confirmed that even slow movements have to be implemented into preservation and stabilization works in order to safeguard the sites of great historic value.     

贵州北盘江大桥高边坡特征及其工程效应研究

高山峡谷地区的北盘江大桥两岸高边坡,表部风化卸荷严重。因此,对其稳定性及危害程度进行准确评价显得尤为重要。首先,对两岸边坡的结构类型、结构面与坡面的组合、岩体风化及物理力学性质等特征进行了研究;然后,对两岸边坡的岩体进行了质量分级;在岩体质量分级的基础上,利用FLAC3D数值模拟软件,对两岸边坡在自重、大桥荷载和地震作用下引起的工程效应进行了综合评价。     

UV-B辐射对青岛大扁藻生长及其某些生理特性的影响

通过实验生态学和生物化学的方法,研究了UV-B辐射对青岛大扁藻生长及其叶绿素a（Chl-a）含量、可溶性蛋白含量、过氧化氢（H2O2）含量、丙二醛（MDA）含量和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活力的影响。结果表明：UV-B辐射会抑制青岛大扁藻的生长并对其生理特性产生明显的影响。经过UVB辐射后,Chl-a含量和可溶性蛋白含量在初始阶段（0～3d）有所增加,而后却出现极显著的下降;过氧化氢含量、丙二醛含量和超氧化物歧化酶活力则呈现升高的趋势。     

Liquefaction mitigation in silty soils using composite stone columns and dynamic compaction

The objective of this study is to develop an analytical methodology to evaluate the effectiveness ofvibro stone column (S. C.) and dynamic compaction (D.C.) techniques supplemented with wick drains to densify and mitigate liquethctionin saturated sands and non-plastic silty soils. It includes the following: (i) develop numerical models to simulate and analyze soil densification during S.C. installation and D.C. process, and (ii) identify parameters controlling post-improvement soil density in both cases, and (iii) develop design guidelines for densification of silty soils using the above techniques. An analytical procedure was developed and used to simulate soil response during S.C. and D.C. installations, and the results were compared with available case history data. Important construction design parameters and soil properties that affect the effectiveness of these techniques, and construction design choices suitable for sands and non-plastic silty soils were identified. The methodology is expected to advance the use of S.C. and DC. in silty soils reducing the reliance on expensive field trials as a design tool. The ultimate outcome of this research will be design charts and design guidelines for using composite stone columns and composite dynamic compaction techniques in liquefaction mitigation of saturated silty soils.     

Planetary core size: A seismological approach

A key parameter for understanding the geodynamics of a terrestrial planet is the size of its core. Numerical evaluation of 28 different interior structure models of Mercury, Venus, Earth, the Moon, and Mars suggests that there is an almost linear relationship between the core radius and the extent of the seismic P-wave core shadow. A scaling law is derived from a simple mantle density and velocity model that permits the interpretation of respective seismic measurements on terrestrial planetary bodies.     

不同氮磷比及铁浓度对球形棕囊藻二甲基硫和二甲巯基丙酸内盐生产的影响

本文通过实验室培养研究了不同氮磷比(0∶1、5∶1、20∶1、50∶1)以及铁浓度(10、100、1 000nmol·L-1)对球形棕囊藻二甲基硫(DMS)和二甲巯基丙酸内盐(DMSP)产生的影响。富磷浓度(36.12μmol·L-1)条件下的球形棕囊藻DMS和DMSP的产量明显高于贫磷浓度条件下(0.361 2μmol·L-1)的DMS和DMSP的产量,N/P比为50∶1时球形棕囊藻的DMS和DMSP产量明显高于其他N/P比(0∶1、5∶1、20∶1)的DMS和DMSP产量,但N/P比为50∶1时单位Chl-aDMS/DMSP产量在4个N/P比(0∶1、5∶1、20∶1、50∶1)中却最低。贫磷培养液的DMSPd在N/P比为0∶1时峰值显著高于其它N/P比(5∶1、20∶1、50∶1)条件下的DMSPd,并且N/P比为50∶1时DMS的释放量最大。低Fe3+浓度有助于球形棕囊藻藻液中DMSPd的形成,Fe3+浓度为1 000nmol·L-1时单位Chl-a的DMSPp产量最小,而单位Chl-a的DMS生产能力在Fe3+浓度为100nmol·L-1时得到加强。     

Deep-sea Fe-Mn Crusts from the Northeast Atlantic Ocean: Composition and Resource Considerations

Eighteen deep-sea ferromanganese crusts (Fe-Mn crusts) from 10 seamounts in the northeast Atlantic were studied. Samples were recovered from water depths of ～1,200 to ～4,600 m from seamounts near Madeira, the Canary and Azores islands, and one sample from the western Mediterranean Sea.

The mineralogical and chemical compositions of the samples indicate that the crusts are typical continental margin, hydrogenetic Fe-Mn crusts. The Fe-Mn crusts exhibit a Co + Cu + Ni maximum of 0.96 wt%. Platinum-group element contents analyzed for five samples showed Pt contents from 153 to 512 ppb.

The resource potential of Fe-Mn crusts within and adjacent to the Portuguese Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) is evaluated to be comparable to that of crusts in the central Pacific, indicating that these Atlantic deposits may be an important future resource.     

中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)个体核酸含量及其对生长状况的指示作用

采用荧光染色法对黄、东海春、秋季中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)个体核酸含量进行了研究,初步探讨了RNA∶DNA比对中华哲水蚤生长状况的指示作用。结果表明,中华哲水蚤在饥饿培养24h后RNA∶DNA比值显著降低;雄性个体RNA含量和RNA∶DNA比值显著低于雌体和C5期幼体;春、秋季(2009年5月和2010年11月)个体RNA含量和RNA∶DNA比值存在显著的空间变化,两者最高值均出现在近岸;两个月份DNA含量相对稳定,在2.5—3.5μg/ind之间;个体RNA含量和RNA:DNA比值与叶绿素之间显著正相关,说明饵料是中华哲水蚤的生长过程中重要的影响因素。