干涉谱法测量水下竖直运动目标轨迹

以被动测量竖直运动目标轨迹为目的,通过分析多途信号声压场模型,讨论了经过相干多途信道的目标辐射噪声在接收点产生相干干涉的现象。在目标水平距离已知的情形下,给出了干涉频率周期与目标深度的关系,提出了利用多途信道的相干干涉信息来解算目标深度轨迹的方法。时频分析可以得到干涉条纹、条纹粗细变化的规律与目标深度变化有关。通过对实测数据的分析,说明本方法的有效性。     

Deadly oasis:Recurrent annihilation of Cretaceous desert bryophyte colonies;the role of solar,climate and lithospheric forcing

Many oases(wet interdunes)are sedimentary systems characterized by high-frequency water-level oscillations,marked changes in salinity and intense biological activity at their margins.They are considered to be one of the most challenging environments on Earth for ecosystem development.These dynamic,depositional settings are usually unfavourable for fossilization and subsequent preservation of vegetal remains.This paper describes bryophyte(liverwort)assemblages occurring in three successive horizons interpreted to represent(i)recurrent early successional phases of biological soil crust colonization of wet interdune margins or(ii)exceptional preservation of floating or riparian liverworts in oasis pond waters associated with a progressive fall of the interdune water level.The record of in situ colonization surfaces characterized by delicate(e.g.lignin-free)three-dimensional structures represents an exceptional type of preservation herein associated with a rapid variation in phreatic interdune water level and the subsequent establishment of anoxic and reducing conditions.The occurrence of exceptionally preserved liverwort colonies coincides with the sedimentary record of,at least,three seismite levels in the oasis.Data gathered from the site suggests that the water table of the oasis was controlled by a combination of(i)a positive creation of accommodation space due to subsidence associated with movement on syn-sedimentary extensional faults,and(ii)the rise and fall of the oasis water table controlled by the oscillations of the groundwater system due to orbital changes which appear to drive the variability of the climate system.Rising groundwater levels flooded the oasis soil crusts and lead to the exceptional recurrent preservation of liverwort colonies at the oasis margins.Alternatively,considering the hypothesis of floating or riparian liverworts in the oasis pond waters,the fall in the level of the oasis water table placed the floating liverworts in contact with the oasis bottom sediments.This fall in the level of the oasis water table could indicate a cessation of accommodation space by syn-sedimentary extensional faults and/or a regional lowering of the groundwater system level associated with drought periods.Preliminary results indicate that oasis lamination between liverwort colonies records decadal and sub-decadal cyclicity,related with 11-year Schwabe sunspot and sub-decadal NAO cyclicities,conferring for every sedimentary cycle between liverwort colonies a duration of approximately 200 years,that otherwise matches the expected recurrence period for the De Vries cycle of solar activity.     

建筑结构震害预测方法研究与实践

建筑结构在地震中的损坏程度是人员伤亡和经济损失预测的基础,也是城市地震经济损失的主要组成部分。本文结合某中等城市市区六种典型建筑在地震作用下的受力特点和破坏机理,分别采用了相应的易损性分析方法,建立了市区震害矩阵。预测结果真实可靠,为进一步进行抗震规划和统计震害损失提供依据。     

县域耕地保有量目标约束机制及预测研究——以广西灌阳县为例

区域差异性导致各地耕地保护的目标不同,县域耕地保有量预测目标是否合理关系到区域和全局的耕地保护压力程度,影响着耕地保有量的合理预测,对有效遏止圈地现象至关重要。在耕地外部性特征基础上提出耕地保有量外部性连环效应,并据此效应建立县域耕地保有量预测目标约束机制;通过分析灌阳县在上轮规划耕地保护情况和耕地保有量现状,将灌阳县耕地保有量预测目标定位为耕地均量动态平衡;预测规划目标年灌阳县耕地保有量目标及相关单项指标。     

旅游城镇化的居民感知研究——以九华山为例

旅游城镇化是以旅游业为推动力的城镇化类型,居民对此类型的城镇化的影响感知有其独特性。本文选取四大佛教名山之一的九华山为案例,在大量实地调查资料的基础上,利用SPSS软件进行统计分析,着重就当地居民对旅游城镇化的经济、社会生活和环境影响感知进行了分析,并对不同人口学特征的居民与旅游城镇化影响感知的关联性进行了探讨,在此基础上,提出了促进旅游地旅游城镇化健康发展的对策建议。     

Shearing wind helicity and thermal wind helicity

Helicity is defined as H ： V ω, where V and ω are the velocity and vorticity vectors, respectively. Many works have pointed out that the larger the helicity is, the longer the life cycle of the weather system is. However, the direct relationship of the helicity to the evolution of the weather system is not quite clear. In this paper, the concept of helicity is generalized as shearing wind helicity （SWH）. Dynamically, it is found that the average SWH is directly related to the increase of the average cyclonic rotation of the weather system. Physically, it is also pointed out that the SWH, as a matter of fact, is the sum of the torsion terms and the divergence term in the vorticity equation. Thermal wind helicity （TWH）, as a derivative of SWH, is also discussed here because it links the temperature field and the vertical wind field. These two quantities may be effective for diagnosing a weather system. This paper applies these two quantities in cylindrical coordinates to study the development of Hurricane Andrew to validate their practical use. Through analyzing the hurricane, it is found that TWH can well describe the characteristics of the hurricane such as the strong convection and release of latent heat. SWH is not only a good quantity for diagnosing the weather system, but also an effective one for diagnosing the development of the hurricane.     

合肥市近50年最高气温变化特征

利用合肥市1953～2005年逐日最高气温资料,采用滑动t检验等统计方法,分析了合肥市平均最高气温、高温日数和高温出现初终日的变化特征.结果表明:合肥市近50年来平均最高气温呈"上升-下降-上升"的趋势,并且平均最高气温在1968和1988年附近发生了突变.合肥市高温日数也呈"增多-减少-增多"的趋势.但年累计高温日数没有很明显的突变;高温日5～9月都有出现,其中7月出现的次数最多,占总日数的49.7%,8月次之.占40.5%.合肥市高温持续的时间经历了由长变短再变长的过程,20世纪80年初期最短.     

立体雷达方法在星载测雨雷达上的应用

星载测雨雷达的应用,必须满足一些主要条件：高的空间分辨率、宽阔的覆盖范围、大的动态降雨测量范围以及精确的点测量等。由于技术条件的限制,满足这些条件的雷达工作在被雨衰减的频率段,因此必须修正由于衰减所导致的误差。立体雷达方法利用雷达从两个不同角度对雨团的观测来进行衰减效应的订正并实现整个观察区域的雷达反射率因子和比衰减因子场的反演。通过数值实验研究了星载特性的引入造成的不均匀性束内填充效应对立体雷达方法的影响     

辽宁地震信息网Web页面制作方法

阐述了辽宁地震信息网络Web页面设计风格和Web页面制作过程中的主要技术难点及其解决方法,对更好地创建Web页面,使网页制作从文字界面向图文并茂、生动活泼的图形和多媒体界面发展有一定的借鉴作用。     

太阳活动,El Nino对北京地区降雨的影响及预测

本文通过对北京地区１９００年以来雨量,气温与太阳活动,厄尔尼诺的相关处理分析,得出一种预测北京地区年雨量的数学模型,已准确预测了１９９６,１９９７年的年雨量,对１９９８年预测为７５０ｍｍ～８００ｍｍ。