Characteristics of sea ice kinematics from the marginal ice zone to the packed ice zone observed by buoys deployed during the 9th Chinese Arctic Expedition

Sea ice growth and consolidation play a significant role in heat and momentum exchange between the atmosphere and the ocean. However, few in situ observations of sea ice kinematics have been reported owing to difficulties of deployment of buoys in the marginal ice zone (MIZ). To investigate the characteristics of sea ice kinematics from MIZ to packed ice zone (PIZ), eight drifting buoys designed by Taiyuan University of Technology were deployed in the open water at the ice edge of the Canadian Basin. Sea ice near the buoy constantly increased as the buoy drifted, and the kinematics of the buoy changed as the buoy was frozen into the ice. This process can be determined using sea ice concentration, sea skin temperature, and drift speed of buoy together. Sea ice concentration data showed that buoys entered the PIZ in mid-October as the ice grew and consolidated around the buoys, with high amplitude, high frequency buoy motions almost ceasing. Our results confirmed that good correlation coefficient in monthly scale between buoy drift and the wind only happened in the ice zone. The correlation coefficient between buoys and wind was below 0.3 while the buoys were in open water. As buoys entered the ice zone, the buoy speed was normally distributed at wind speeds above 6 m/s. The buoy drifted mainly to the right of the wind within 45° at wind speeds above 8 m/s. During further consolidation of the ice in MIZ, the direct forcing on the ice through winds will be lessened. The correlation coefficient value increased to 0.9 in November, and gradually decreased to 0.7 in April.     

基于数据挖掘探讨中药治疗肝豆状核变性的用药规律

目的：基于数据挖掘探讨中药治疗肝豆状核变性的用药规律。方法：计算机检索1990年1月至2020年1月中国知网（CNKI）、万方数据（WANFANG DATA）、维普中文科技期刊数据库（VIP）中中药治疗肝豆状核变性的相关文献,利用Microsoft Excel 2010 进行频次分析,通过 SPSS Modeler 18.0、SPSS Statistics 23.0 对处方药物进行关联规则、复杂网络、系统聚类分析。结果：最终纳入文献161篇,筛选出处方151首,中药70味。中药频次排前5位的依次是泽泻、姜黄、大黄、黄连、丹参;功效排前5位的依次是利水渗湿、活血化瘀、清热、补虚、泻下药。二项关联多为利水渗湿、活血化瘀、清热、泻下药的组合,三项关联多为活血化瘀、清热、利水渗湿药的组合。聚类分析得到新方聚类的中药组合3类。结论：中医药治疗肝豆状核变性以清热化湿、活血化瘀为主,常用利水渗湿、活血化瘀、清热药,可配伍补虚及泻下药等。     

生血通便颗粒治疗血虚肠燥型脓毒症胃肠功能损伤的临床研究

目的：观察生血通便颗粒治疗血虚肠燥型脓毒症胃肠功能损伤的临床疗效。方法：将60 例血虚肠燥型脓毒症胃肠功能损伤患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组各30 例。2组均予西医常规基础治疗,对照组在此基础上加用马来酸曲美布汀治疗,治疗组在对照组基础上再加生血通便颗粒治疗,疗程均为14 d。观察2组综合疗效和治疗前后炎症指标［白细胞计数（WBC）、C-反应蛋白（CRP）、降钙素原（PCT）］水平、序贯性器官衰竭（SOFA）积分、胃肠功能损伤积分、腹内压、血清二胺氧化酶(DAO)水平及中医证候积分。结果：总有效率治疗组为86.67%（26/30）,明显高于对照组的60.00%（18/30）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗后2组炎症指标(WBC、CRP、PCT)水平、SOFA积分、胃肠功能损伤积分、腹内压、DAO水平及中医证候积分较治疗前均有所下降,且治疗组下降幅度均大于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论：生血通便颗粒治疗血虚肠燥型脓毒症胃肠功能损伤,能减轻患者炎症反应、降低SOFA和胃肠功能损伤积分、降低腹内压及血清DAO水平、改善中医证候,值得临床推广运用。     

Uncovering spatiotemporal micromobility patterns through the lens of space–time cubes and GIS tools

Journal of Geographical Systems - In the past ten years, cities have experienced a burst of micromobility services as they offer a flexible transport option that allows users to cover short trips...     

低碳盐湖提锂:高渗透选择性纳滤膜和正渗透膜材料

报道了联合基金项目“面向青海盐湖卤水锂提取过程强化的高性能中空纤维正渗透膜材料的设计研究”的最新进展。研究从吸附/解吸或稀释盐湖卤水出发,采用“纳滤－正渗透膜”耦合工艺纯化和浓缩Li+浓度至3 wt.%用于碳酸锂沉淀。研究重点是制备高渗透分离性能的层层自组装中空纤维纳滤膜和正渗透膜材料。通过基膜孔结构和物化性能与层层自组装纳滤膜性能和界面聚合正渗透膜性能之间的关系研究及系列技术攻关,已完成四寸中空纤维纳滤膜和正渗透膜的制备,技术指标达到项目指标。项目研究为青海盐湖锂提取提供了核心的分离和浓缩膜材料。     

Mushroom production as an alternative for rural development in a forested mountainous area

Wild mushrooms are recognized as important non-wood forest products in mountainous ecosystems, but their real potential for generating rural economies has not been fully evaluated due to the difficulties in obtaining reliable productivity data, minimizing their true potential as contributor to rural economies. Mushroom yield models based on large data series from Pinus forest ecosystems in the region of Catalonia(Spain), combined with data from the Spanish National Forest Inventory allow us to estimate the potential mushroom productivity by forest ecosystems. The results of 24,500 tons/yr of mushrooms of which 16,300 tons are classified as edible and 7,900 tons are commonly marketed demonstrate the importance of mushroom productions in Catalonian pine forests, mostly located in mountainous areas where the development of agricultural activities is limited. Economic mushroom value is estimated at 48 million € for the edible mushroom and 32 million € for those corresponding to marketable yields, confirming the potential of this non-wood forest product. These production results and corresponding economic values provide a basis for the incorporation of wild mushrooms as significant non-wood forest products in the development of forest policies in mountainous areas.     

基于“数字城市”地理空间框架的国土资源档案管理系统的设计与实现

"数字城市"地理空间框架建设中发布的地理信息数据具有丰富性、多样性及准确性等诸多明显优势,基于该框架开发的国土资源档案管理系统,不仅可以使各类档案实现在线信息化管理,并且对地籍档案、建设用地档案及利用规划类档案实现在线位置查询及浏览具有很大作用,可以极大地提高档案信息化管理和应用水平。     

哈拉湖岩芯XRF扫描元素统计分析及其环境意义

青藏高原东北缘高山湖泊哈拉湖是位于季风与西风影响的交汇带的封闭深水湖泊,是区域环境和气候变化的良好记录载体。目前对该湖的研究还较少,缺乏对沉积物中元素环境意义的系统认识。通过高分辨率XRF岩芯扫描,用相关、聚类和因子分析的方法对哈拉湖沉积岩芯地球化学元素进行分析。结果显示Ti、K、Si、Al、Fe、Mn等元素变化一致,相关性高,归为同一类,即径流输入的陆源碎屑组分,反映了流域水文状况如径流量的变化。Sr、Zr元素相关性高,为赋存在粗颗粒沉积物中的元素,根据哈拉湖实际,应为冬季湖泊冰面风力搬运,反映了湖区冬季风力强度的变化。Ca元素既与径流输入元素总体变化一致,也与Sr、Zr元素显著相关,且在第一和第二主成分(径流和风力)上的载荷相当,表明哈拉湖沉积物中的碳酸盐既有粗颗粒的外源碎屑,也有湖泊自生的组分,这在利用碳酸盐进行地球化学研究时应重视,注意去除外源碎屑碳酸盐的影响。可溶元素S和Cl可能反映了入湖水量与蒸发对比情况,与湖泊盐度有关。     

基于RTK-GPS技术的干热河谷冲沟沟头形态特征

采用高精度实时动态差分GPS(以下简称RTK-GPS)技术对干热河谷冲沟进行野外调查,获取36个不同活跃度类型沟头的形态参数,研究不同活跃度类型之间沟头的形态特征差异,并分析集水区、沟床植被盖度与形态特征之间的关系。结果表明:1.沟头不同活跃度类型之间,其跌坎高差、沟床比降差异最为显著,可作为沟头活跃度类型野外判别的主要参考指标;沟壁坡度、宽-深比等的差异较为显著,亦可在一定程度上表征沟头活跃程度。2.沟床植被盖度与各形态特征参数的相关性显著,表明沟床植被盖度可作为形态参数的综合替代性指标。同一活跃度类型的沟头,其跌坎高差、沟床比降等与沟床植被盖度呈极显著负相关关系,说明随着沟床植被盖度的增加(或减小),跌坎高差、沟床比降均呈减小(或增加)趋势。3.集水区植被盖度与各形态特征参数的关系不显著,表明干热河谷集水区植被盖度对沟头发育的贡献有限。     

Spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation based on corrected TRMM data around the Hexi Corridor, China

Accurate rainfall distribution is difficult to acquire based on limited meteorological stations, especially in remote areas like high mountains and deserts. The Hexi Corridor and its adjacent regions （including the Qilian Mountains and the Alxa Plateau） are typical districts where there are only 30 available rain gauges. Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission （TRMM） data provide a possible solution. After precision analysis of monthly 0.25 degree resolution TRMM 3B43 data from 1998 to 2012, we find that the correlations between TRMM 3B43 estimates and rain gauge precipitation are significant overall and in each station around the Hexi Corridor; however, the biases of annual precipitation differ in different stations and are seriously overestimated in most of the sites. Thus, Inverse Distance Weighting （IDW） interpolation method was used to rectify TRMM data based on the difference between TRMM 3B43 estimates and rain gauge observations. The results show that rectified TRMM data present more details than rain gauges in remote areas where there are few stations, alt- hough they show high coherence of distribution. Precipitation decreases from southeast to northwest on an annual and seasonal scale. There are three rainfall centers （〉500 mm） including Menyuan, Qilian and Toson Lake, and two low rain- fall centers （〈50 mm） including Dunhuang and Ejin Banner. Meanwhile, precipitation in most of the study area presents an increasing trend; especially in northern Qilian Mountains （〉5 mm/a）, Badain Jaran Desert （〉2 mm/a）, Toson Lake （〉20 mm/a） and Qingtu Lake （〉20 ram/a） which shows a significant increasing trend, while precipitation in Hala Lake （〈-2 mm/a） and Tengger Desert （〈-3 mm/a） demonstrates a decreasing trend.