����UofCģ�͵ľ��ܵ��㶨λ���ȷ���

???????UofC??????????λ?????????????????????????????????UofC??????????λ???????t??????????????￡????????????????????к???????????壩???????????н?????鲢????????????????λ?????????????????????????????????????λ??????2??3 cm?????????????10??20 cm??     

虹晕等几种大气光学现象的偏振

观测到虹的偏振。分析了虹、晕等现象的特点。运用菲涅耳公式给出其偏振度。结果表明 :各种现象的偏振度相差较大 ,主虹、二次虹分别为 0 .93和 0 .81 ,多次虹的偏振度也较大 ,在 0 .75以上 ;46°晕的偏振度为 0 .1 6 ,2 2°圆晕的偏振度很小 ,仅为 0 .0 4。假日环、日柱的偏振度随入射角有一定的变化范围。虹、假日环、日柱是反射式偏振 ,以垂直于入射面的振动为主 ;而 46°晕、 2 2°圆晕则是折射式偏振 ,以平行于入射面的振动为主。着重讨论了水虹和冰虹的偏振     

Temporal and spatial variation of fish assemblages in Dianshan Lake,Shanghai, China

Using multi-mesh gillnets and trawls, the fish communities in Dianshan Lake at 6 stations from Oct. 2009 to Jul. 2010 were investigated seasonally to reveal the biodiversity and its spatial and temporal distribution patterns. The long-term changes in their structural characteristics were then analyzed to identify the main infl uencing factors and several measures for lake restoration were put forward. Thirty six species, belonging to 9 family and 30 genera, were collected, amongst which, the order Cypriniformes accounted for 61.1% of the total species number. In terms of importance value, Cypriniformes was the predominant group, Coilia nasus the dominant species, while Cyprinus carpio and Rhinogobius giurinus were the subdominant taxa. The community types did not differ among stations, but between seasons. There were no significant differences between seasons and among stations in species diversity, but richness differed both spatially and seasonally. Along with the process of eutrophication and the drastic reduction of the area colonized by macrophytes from 1959 to 2009–2010, the fish diversity declined markedly, and species numbers of herbivores and piscivores declined proportionately more than those of invertivores, omnivores, and planktivores. The decline of potamophilus and river-lake migratory fish was more marked than those of sedentary, river-sea migratory, and estuarine fishes. Eutrophication concomitant with sharp reduction of macrophyte area and overfishing may be the main reasons for the decline in fish diversity in Dianshan Lake.     

电视天气预报演播室改建中的声学处理方法

通过对电视演播室声学原理的分析,提出了室内噪声和混响时间两个演播室声学质量的衡量指标,结合作者的实践经验,提出了演播室改建中的具体技术处理方法。     

A model to couple overland flow and infiltration into macroporous vadose zone

Most vegetated land surfaces contain macropores that may have a significant effect on the rate of infiltration of water under ponded conditions on the ground surface. Owing to the small-scale variations of the land topography (microtopography), only portions of the land area may get ponded during the process of overland flow. As the macropores transmit water at much higher rates than the primary soil matrix, higher macropore activation in ponded areas produces larger effective infiltration rates into the soil. Therefore, overland flow and infiltration into the macroporous vadose zone are interrelated. Representing the microtopographic variation of the land surface by a simple sine wave function, a method was developed to relate the ponding area to the average ponding depth which was determined by overland flow. A numerical model coupling overland flow and infiltration into the macroporous vadose zone was developed. Overland flow was simulated using the St. Venant equations with the inertia terms neglected. A single macropore model was used to simulate the infiltration into the macroporous vadose zone. The interaction between overland flow and the infiltration into the macroporous vadose zone was analyzed for a hypothetical watershed. The sensitivity analysis revealed that the interaction of macropore flow and overland flow is significant. For the conditions tested, the macropore flow and the overland flow were found to be more sensitive to the macroporosity and less sensitive to the microtopographic surface variation.     

汶川8.0级大地震的孕育和发生的深层过程与动力成因探讨

汶川8.0级大地震发生在由3条NE向断裂带组成的龙门山逆冲走滑断裂系上,造成了以汶川、映秀为中心和其周边地域的严重破坏和人员的重大伤亡。然而强烈地震发生前却未见有可能的确切征兆或浅表层异常活动的迹象(相对于短期和临震预测),即浅层过程与地震发生的深层过程并不匹配。那么为什么在龙门山地区突然发生了这次大地震,它具有哪些特征?其成因机制又是什么?为此必须对这次大地震孕育、发生和发展的壳幔速度结构和其深层动力过程进行深入研究和探讨。通过松藩—甘孜,龙门山造山带和四川盆地地域人工源地震深部探测、天然地震层析成像、接收函数与面波频散反演、大地电磁测深和重力场研究,所得初步结果表明:①在印度洋板块与欧亚板块陆-陆板块碰撞、挤压作用下,形成了喜马拉雅造山带和东构造结,该东构造结似一尖楔向NNE方向顶挤并插入青藏高原东北缘,故迫使高原深部物质向东流展,在受到以龙门山为西北边界的四川盆地刚性物质阻隔下,一部分物质则转而向东南侧运移;②龙门山造山带与其西北侧地带地形高差达3500±500m左右,而地壳厚度在龙门山西北部为65±5km左右,四川盆地为40±2km,而龙门山地带与其东、西两侧相比则其地壳厚度变化幅度可达15~20km。这里恰为应力作用的耦合与集中地带;③下地壳和地幔盖层物质以上、中地壳(深20~25km)中的低速层为第一滑移面(并与上地壳解耦),以上地幔软流层顶面为第二滑移面,且在四川盆地深部壳、幔"刚性"物质阻隔下,下地壳和上地幔盖层物质以高角度在龙门山断裂系与四川盆地的耦合地带向上运移(或称逆冲),且在龙门山地表三条断裂构成的断裂系向下收敛到15±5km左右深处汇聚,二者强烈碰撞、挤压、震源介质破裂;即在物质与能量的强烈交换下,高度集中的应力得到急速释放,故形成了这次8.0级大地震;④汶川8.0级大地震的发震断裂是深部15±5km处的汇聚断裂带,且为在15±5km深处、半径为5km左右的柱状震源体积。为此通过该区的壳、幔速度结构变异,初步揭示了这次8.0级大地震孕育、发生和发展的深部介质和构造环境及其深层动力过程。     

大别山东端早-中侏罗世地层对构造事件的指示

本文通过对安徽桐城挂车河、宿松河塌下-中侏罗统剖面岩石特征、沉积构造、粒度和碎屑组分的分析,揭示了燕山早期大别山隆升和侵蚀的演化历史,并结合构造变形分析,探讨了研究区区域动力学背景。结果显示,两地在早-中侏罗世时期分别为扇三角洲-半深湖和河道-河泛平原沉积,物源都来自北部的大别山。又因为挂车河剖面富含大别山变质碎屑颗粒,而河塌剖面相对缺少,由此提出大别山带南部在早-中侏罗世时期,东南部比西南部隆升较高,而相比大别山北麓的砾石和碎屑组成,则认为大别山北部隆升剥蚀更快,且剧烈。两剖面碰撞造山-火山岛弧和再旋回造山带大洋物质的物源,指示由北向南海沟-岛弧和盆地的构造格局。依据两地断层面和擦痕产状进行古应力分析,显示研究区晚侏罗世受到了燕山主幕近南北向的挤压应力。桐城挂车河的另一近东西向挤压应力可能表明该时期大别山东南部地区已受古太平洋构造的改造。     

Occurrence and mineral chemistry of chromite and related silicates from the Hongshishan mafic-ultramafic complex,NW China with petrogenetic implications

Mineralogy and Petrology - The Hongshishan mafic-ultramafic complex is located in the western Beishan Terrane, NW China, and hosts an economic Ni-Cu deposit. Chromite as accessory mineral from the...     

新疆可可托海——二台活动断裂带

北北西走向的新疆可可托海－二台活动断裂带长１９０ｋｍ，为晚更新世晚期以来呈右旋逆走滑活动的断裂带，形成了额尔齐斯河与乌伦古河断错水系。该断裂带晚更新世晚期以来右错１ｋｍ左右，最大垂直错动１５ｍ；全新世晚期的右旋走滑速率为８．２３±０．４７ｍｍ／ａ。自晚更新世晚期以来该带发生过７期１７次古地震，平均复现期为１５１１±８９ａ。富蕴县喀依尔提拉分型盆地以南为古地震及１９３１年富蕴８级地震破裂段，长１５９ｋｍ，以北为未破裂段，长２５．５ｋｍ，喀依尔提拉分型盆地为构造障碍点。