河北下金宝沟金银多金属矿区物化探综合信息成矿预测

下金宝沟金银多金属矿区位于华北地台北缘中段的冀北银金矿床密集区,矿区地质构造背景复杂,岩浆岩活动强烈。矿区金矿体主要赋存于花岗斑岩体内,受构造裂隙带的控制,硅化、绢云母化等与金矿化的关系密切。通过物探与化探相结合的方法进行成矿预测,经工程验证效果良好。     

吉林东部延边地区二长花岗岩年代学、岩石成因学及其构造意义研究

高岭岩体位于吉林省延边地区和龙市东侧,大地构造位置上位于华北板块北缘东段,岩性主要为似斑状二长花岗岩,基质为中粒-中细粒结构。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果显示,样品YH04和N-5的加权平均年龄分别为172.25±0.97Ma和170.9±0.68Ma,表明岩体侵位时代为中侏罗世。岩石地球化学特征上,高岭岩体样品具有高硅(69.60%~74.30%)、富铝(13.90%~15.80%)、富钾(3.05%~4.50%)和低镁(0.22%~0.82%)及Mg#(26~37)的特点。样品富集轻稀土元素,相对亏损重稀土元素(LREE/HREE=13~21),具有微弱的负Eu到正Eu异常(δEu=0.78~2.14),其稀土元素配分模式图与埃达克岩稀土元素配分模式图类似。高岭岩体样品富集大离子亲石元素Cs、Rb、Ba、K、Sr和高场强元素Th、U和Zr,同时亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta以及P元素。同时样品具有较低的初始87Sr/86Sr值(0.7039~0.7051)和负的εNd(t)值(-0.6~-0.3),且其t DM1和t DM2模式年龄分别为922~928Ma和984~1011Ma,表明研究区新元古代存在地壳增生事件。Sr-Nd同位素特征及岩石地球化学特征表明高岭岩体母源岩浆来源于加厚下地壳基性岩石部分熔融且受到了新元古代增生物质的影响。结合区域构造演化,中侏罗世高岭岩体侵位构造环境可能受到环太平洋构造体系和华北板块与西伯利亚板块持续碰撞的叠加影响。     

大川中地区须家河组层序-岩相古地理研究

四川盆地上三叠统须家河组油气勘探开始于20世纪40年代,其中须二段、须四段、须六段是主要勘探目的层段,也是盆地周边地区寻找新气源最有利层位之一。根据钻井岩心观察、野外剖面实测和室内镜下岩石薄片鉴定分析,并结合岩石学、测井及地震等沉积相标志研究,确定大川中地区须家河组主要发育扇三角洲、辫状河三角洲和湖泊等沉积相带,进一步划分出若干亚相和微相。利用高分辨率层序地层学理论和技术,在须家河组识别出2个超长期和5个长期基准面旋回层序。以沉积学理论为指导,选择各长期旋回层序为等时地层单元编制四川盆地层序—岩相古地理图。编图结果表明,须家河组5个长期岩相古地理沉降中心、迁移方向和沉积相带的展布严格受龙门山和米仓山—大巴山两造山带非同步的构造格局控制。     

钢套管灌注群桩施工顺序对多隧道的影响

通过理论研究和数值分析方法,分析了钢套管桩不同的施工顺序对邻近既有隧道的影响,并结合现场实测数据对分析结果进行了验证。首先,采用理论方法分析钢套管旋转下压过程中土塞柱的受力情况,建立微分方程计算土塞柱底端的应力、土塞柱受到的剪切扭矩和自身抗剪扭矩,进而分析得到了土塞柱发生剪切破坏和土塞效应的临界深度。在此基础上按是否产生闭塞效应,分两种情况研究了钢套管旋压过程中产生的土体膨胀率。然后,利用既得的土体膨胀率,通过理论分析和数值模拟方法分析了群桩不同的施工顺序对既有多条盾构隧道的影响,得出了相对较优的群桩施工顺序方案。工程现场实测数据与数值模拟结果的对比分析表明,上述计算结果与实际情况能较好吻合。该研究对类似工程具有理论指导意义和实践参考价值。     

微X射线束荧光扫描成份分析研究：元素二维分布图

经过改进的微X射线扫描分析装置,扩大了测量范围;提高了位移精度;处理数据及绘制二维(平面)元素分布图实现计算机化。测量并绘制出大洋锰结核中多元素平面分布图。     

地下水节水自律机制研究

本研究课题为水利部开展的节水型社会建设重大研究课题之一,以水权管理为基础,以提高水资源利用效率和效益为核心,坚持制度激励与工程建设相结合、市场机制与行政管理相结合,深入研究影响地下水类型区自律节水的关键因素,提出实现自律节水的有效方法,最终建立一套完整的适应市场经济特点的地下水节水自律运行模式。     

南海边缘海多金属结核与大洋多金属结核对比

本文通过系统对比分析前人研究成果,研究了南海边缘海多金属结核的成矿特征,结果表明：南海边缘海结核的矿物组成与大洋结核相似,均主要由锰相矿物和铁相矿物组成,其中锰相矿物主要为水羟锰矿和钡镁锰矿,铁相矿物主要以无定型铁氧化/氢氧化物形式存在,另外南海边缘海结核中含有大量硅酸盐矿物,表明在南海结核成矿过程中受到大量的陆源碎屑矿物混杂;相对于大洋主要经济成矿区的多金属结核,南海边缘海多金属结核中主要的经济元素如Mn、Cu、Co、Ni和Zn质量分数较低,而亲陆源性元素如Fe、Ti、P、Nb、Pb、Rb、Sc、Ta、Sr、Th和REY（REE和Y）等质量分数较高;南海边缘海多金属结核的元素地球化学特征和REE配分模式显示其为水成成因,并呈现更低的Mn/Fe值;同时南海边缘海结核也具有较快的平均生长速率及较高的δCe正异常,表明其生长在更为氧化的海水环境。虽然较快的沉积物沉积速率和动荡的海水环境影响了南海边缘海结核的成矿,但大量陆源物质进入海洋也为南海边缘海结核提供了丰富的成矿物质来源,便于南海边缘海结核的快速生长成矿。南海边缘海结核富集有Fe、Ti、Pb、Rb、Th和REY等金属元素,同样可以作为极具潜力的海洋矿产资源。南海边缘海多金属结核具有其独特的地球化学特征,与大洋多金属结核存在着明显差异。     

Geochemistry,Zircon U–Pb Analysis,and Biotite 40Ar/39Ar Geochronology of the Maoling Gold Deposit,Liaodong Rift,NE China

The Maoling gold deposit is located in the southwestern part of the Liaodong rift, NE China, and has estimated reserves of 25 t. In this paper we present the results of an investigation into the geochronology and geodynamic mechanisms of igneous activity and metallogenesis within the Maoling gold deposit. New zircon U–Pb age data, biotite ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar age data, whole‐rock geochemistry, and Hf isotopic analyses are presented in order to constrain the petrogenesis and mineralization of the deposit. Zircon U–Pb dating of the Wolongquan biotite monzogranite and Maoling biotite granite yielded mean ages of 194.0 ± 1.1 Ma and 196.1 ± 1.1 Ma, respectively. All the granites are characteristically high‐K calc‐alkaline, enriched in light rare earth elements and large ion lithophile elements, and depleted in high field strength elements, which is consistent with the geochemical characteristics of arc‐type magmas. The Hf isotope characteristics indicate that the granites formed by partial melting of early Paleoproterozoic crustal material. In addition, biotite ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar dating indicates that the Maoling gold deposit formed at 188.9 ± 1.2 Ma, implying that the mineralization was related to both the granite intrusions. Taking into account previous data on S–Pb–O–H isotopes and our new age data, the Maoling deposit can be classified as an intrusion‐related gold deposit. Taking into account the geology of the study area and adjacent regions, we propose that the Maoling gold deposit and its associated granitic intrusions formed in a geodynamic setting that was dominated by subduction of the Paleo‐Pacific Plate beneath the Eurasian continent.     

Estimation of soil erosion rates in a subtropical mountain watershed using 137Cs radionuclide

The formulation of watershed management strategies to protect water resources threatened by soil erosion and sedimentation requires a thorough understanding of sediment sources and factors that drive soil movement in the watershed. This paper describes a study of medium-term water-driven soil erosion rates in a mountainous watershed of the Shihmen Reservoir in Taiwan. A total of 60 sampling sites were selected along a hillslope. At each sampling site, the inventory ¹³⁷Cs activity was determined and then calculated with the diffusion and migration model to derive soil erosion rates. The rates are one to two orders of magnitude lower than estimates using the Universal Soil Loss Equation, a soil erosion model often used in Taiwan. Results of multiple regression analysis indicate that the spatial variability of soil erosion rates is associated with the relative position of a sampling site to the nearest ridge and soil bulk densities (r ² = 0.33, p < 0.01). Finally, the patterns of soil redistribution rates on the hillslope follow the ¹³⁷Cs hillslope model as soil erosion increases in the downslope direction. No deposition site is found at footslope because soil deposition is swept away by regular flooding along the stream channel. This study is an important first step in using ¹³⁷Cs as a tracer of soil redistribution in mountainous watersheds of Taiwan.     

粗粒土三轴试验数值模拟与试样颗粒初始架构初探

试样颗粒初始架构是粗粒土室内三轴试验中一个难以人为控制的因素。基于元胞自动机方法,结合粗粒土的室内三轴试验开发了能制备不同颗粒初始架构粗粒土试样的HHC-CA模型,该模型制备的粗粒土试样表征了粗粒土各粒组分布的不均匀性和随机性,再借助FLAC3D进行粗粒土三轴数值模拟试验,并探讨了试样剪切带内的砾石含量和试样砾石含量对内摩擦角的影响。数值模拟结果表明,同一粒径级配下,粗粒土的内摩擦角值与剪切带内的砾石含量呈增函数关系;试样砾石含量的增加可能会出现内摩擦角减小的现象,但同一粒径级配下的内摩擦角均值随试样砾石含量的增加而明显增大。