激光扫平仪光束水平误差的检定

阐述了激光扫平仪光束水平误差的检定方法、激光扫平仪特征方向水平误差及其检测步骤和数据处理方法,给出了精度分析和实测结果     

Adaptive estimation of multiple fading factors in Kalman filter for navigation applications

Kalman filter is the most frequently used algorithm in navigation applications. A conventional Kalman filter (CKF) assumes that the statistics of the system noise are given. As long as the noise characteristics are correctly known, the filter will produce optimal estimates for system states. However, the system noise characteristics are not always exactly known, leading to degradation in filter performance. Under some extreme conditions, incorrectly specified system noise characteristics may even cause instability and divergence. Many researchers have proposed to introduce a fading factor into the Kalman filtering to keep the filter stable. Accordingly various adaptive Kalman filters are developed to estimate the fading factor. However, the estimation of multiple fading factors is a very complicated, and yet still open problem. A new approach to adaptive estimation of multiple fading factors in the Kalman filter for navigation applications is presented in this paper. The proposed approach is based on the assumption that, under optimal estimation conditions, the residuals of the Kalman filter are Gaussian white noises with a zero mean. The fading factors are computed and then applied to the predicted covariance matrix, along with the statistical evaluation of the filter residuals using a Chi-square test. The approach is tested using both GPS standalone and integrated GPS/INS navigation systems. The results show that the proposed approach can significantly improve the filter performance and has the ability to restrain the filtering divergence even when system noise attributes are inaccurate.     

利用GPS测量监测VLBI天线参考点的仿真分析

根据VLBI天线旋转状态进行参数化建模以实现天线监测的理念日益受到重视,有望进行全天候、全自动监测而不影响望远镜的正常观测运行时间。为考察原理可行性,设计监测方案和开发资料处理软件,本文在观测方程构建、解算参数设置和约束条件选取等方面提出了新的见解,对利用GPS数据监测VLBI天线进行了仿真分析。     

华南陆地时变重力观测数据质量评估

陆面时变微重力观测常用于监测地壳内部物质变化.仪器不确定性是影响数据质量的重要因素.本文以华南地区2015年至2018年的时变重力观测数据为研究对象,分别从相对重力仪的非线性漂移特征、格值系数变化入手,引入贝叶斯分析方法,量化不确定性来源,并以网内绝对重力观测结果进行交叉检验,评估时变重力数据产品质量.研究表明:华南2...     

几种地球剖分网格分析与初探

针对全球遥感卫星影像数据缺少统一组织框架的问题,从遥感影像数据特点出发,分析归纳了遥感影像统一组织框架的设计原则和设计难点,并对当前已提出的用于遥感影像统一组织的几种剖分格网方案进行概述。通过分析与比较,认为GeoSOT比较适合作为遥感影像的统一组织框架。     

面向对象的旱区植被遥感精细分类研究

针对旱区植被分类尺度过大、种群无法准确提取的问题,该文提出了面向对象的CFS-RF分类模型,即利用CFS算法对先验样本数据集进行特征优选,结合随机森林构建分类规则,完成分类过程。以新疆阿勒泰为研究区,利用GF-2数据,通过CFS、ReliefF两种不同特征选择方法和J48、SVM、RF 3种分类算法构造出6种面向对象分类方案来实现小尺度植被种群提取。结果表明,经过特征选择,上述分类方案的精度和效率均得到了提升。其中,CFS-RF算法最优,总体精度达到92.41%,Kappa系数为0.90,更适用于旱区植被遥感精细分类。     

1：50000数字地理底图在地质环境调查中的应用

数字地理底图为地质部门编制各种专题图提供基本地理要素。以环渤海曹妃甸滨海地区为例,以1：50000地形图为基本数据源,依据标准使用GIS软件完成了1：50000数字地理底图的制作,并对如何更好地发挥1：50 000数字地理底图在地质环境调查中的重要作用提出建议。     

虚拟仪器在光栅偏心调整中的应用

从电子经纬仪和全站仪的测解部分的光栅副偏心调整的原理出发，分析了目前采用常规示波器用电信号法进行调整的原理及其实现方法，得出光栅副偏心与李萨如图的对应关系，并且给出了几种典型的调整方法。最后，利用虚拟仪器采用曲线拟合算法，将光栅副偏心与轴晃动分离，从而能迅速、正确判断位相差的变化，为仪器装配与调整起到指导性作用。     

New characteristics of weighted GDOP in multi-GNSS positioning

In positioning, navigation and timing applications of multi-GNSS (global navigation satellite system) constellations, the geometric dilution of precision (GDOP) offers an important index for selecting satellites and evaluating positioning accuracy. However, GDOP assumes that the measurement errors of all the tracked satellites are independent and have the same accuracy level, which is impossible in practice, especially when the tracked satellites are from various constellations. Through introducing a weighted matrix describing the measurement errors of different satellites into a common GDOP, we focus on new characteristics of weighted GDOP (WGDOP) in two aspects. First, we compare the sizes of WGDOP and the common GDOP based on the range of the weights of different satellites, i.e., the diagonal elements of the weighted matrix. In addition, when the weights of different satellites increase, the change of WGDOP with the weights is also derived. Moreover, a closed-form formula for calculating WGDOP is also presented. The theoretical derivations demonstrate that the closed-form can reduce the computation burden effectively. Furthermore, numerical tests verify these analyses.     

控制网连接点坐标值粗差的可定位性研究

在原有测量控制网(称旧网)的基础上建立同级扩大网或低级加密网(称新网)时,新旧网之间的重合点(称连接点)坐标值粗差的检验是平差前的一个重要环节。本文将连接点坐标视为带协方差阵的观测值,采用数据探测法定位其粗差。借助于 Gauss-Markov模型下两个备选假设检验的理论,推导了连接点相关坐标观测值粗差可定位性基本公式,讨论了各类平面网中连接点坐标观测值粗差的可发现性和可区分性。